The AusTraits Plant Dictionary (APD) Ontology

Release 2.1.0

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https://w3id.org/APD/index.html

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https://w3id.org/APD/release/2.1.0/index.html

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https://w3id.org/APD/release/2.0.0/index.html

Authors:

Elizabeth Wenk, Daniel Falster, Rachael Gallagher, Hervé Sauquet, Rowan Brownlee, Carl Boettiger

Contributors:

Tony Auld, Russell Barrett, Timothy Brodribb, Brendan Choat, David Coleman, Félix de Tombeur, Lily Dun, David Ellsworth, Carl Gosper, Lydia Guja, Gregory J. Jordan, Tom Le Breton, Andy Leigh, Patricia Lu-Irving, Belinda Medlyn, Rachael Nolan, Mark Ooi, Karen D. Sommerville, Ruby Stephens, Peter Vesk, Matthew White, Ian J. Wright, Sophie Yang

Human readable tables:

Serializations:

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Vocabulary service:

Source:

Contributing:

Cite as:

Wenk EH, Sauquet H, Gallagher RV, Brownlee R, Boettiger C, Coleman D, Yang S, Auld T, Barrett RL, Brodribb T, Choat B, Dun L, Ellsworth D, Gosper C, Guja L, Jordan GJ, Breton T, Leigh A, Irving PMedlyn B, Nolan R, Ooi M, Sommerville KD, Vesk P, White M, Wright IJ & Falster DS (2024) The AusTraits Plant Dictionary. Scientific Data 11, 537. DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03368-z

Abstract

This document describes the schema available from the APD namespace. The APD offers detailed descriptions for more than 500 plant trait concepts. It includes trait focused on plant morphology, plant nutrient concentrations, plant physiology, plant life history, and plant fire response. The definitions will be useful to researchers from diverse disciplines, including plant functional ecology, plant taxonomy, and conservation biology. All trait concepts are supported by comprehensive metadata including trait descriptions, allowable trait values, allowable ranges, preferred units, keywords, references, and links to matches in a selection of trait databases. The traits describe here also fully support the AusTraits plant trait database, <doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3568417>.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
2. Trait groups: Hierarchical trait groupings, included to enhance trait findability.
3. Trait concepts: Traits defined within the vocabulary.
4. Values for categorical traits: Allowed categorical trait values to support the defined trait concepts.
5. Glossary: Terms used as keywords that were not available in other published vocabularies.
6. Acknowledgements

1. Introduction

The APD is a compilation of the traits concepts used by AusTraits, a database of Australian plant traits. APD includes definitions for nearly 500 traits pertaining to plant functional ecology and plant morphology. The metadata for each trait concept has been reviewed by multiple people. Metadata includes a trait definition, accepted units and ranges (for numeric traits), allowable values (for categorical traits), keywords and trait groupings to enhance trait findability, references, and links to identical/similar traits in other trait databases. APD will be published in a machine-readable format (rdf representation), allowing the traits to be readily re-used by other databases. This is a human-friendly output, with embedded links to the references, other trait databases and keywords/concepts borrowed from other ontologies.

The APD is a community resource and we welcome any suggestions for edits, including additional key references for each trait or other trait databases for which we should add links.

2. Trait groups

The APD Trait groups express broad trait groupings, with each trait concept mapped into one or more trait groups as narrower concepts.

plant trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000000
description	A measurable or observable characteristic of a cellular component [GO:0005575], biological process [GO:0008150] or molecular function [GO:0003674] that is part of, or has participant a plant anatomical entity [PO:0025131] and/or a plant structure development stage [PO:0009012]. This includes physiological, molecular and biochemical traits as well.
has narrower	biochemical trait plant morphology trait biological process trait, physiological process trait life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000000

biochemical trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000002
description	A plant trait [TO:0000387] which is a quality of a chemical entity [CHEBI:24431], a plant metabolite [CHEBI:76924], or a molecular function [GO:0003674], which occurs in a cellular component [GO:0005575], plant anatomical entity [PO:0025131] or during a plant structure development stage [PO:0009012].
has narrower	mineral and ion content trait metabolite content trait stable isotope ratio determination
has broader	plant trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000002

mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000004
description	A biochemical trait [TO:0000277] that is the amount of a particular mineral or ion constituent occurring in a plant anatomical entity [PO:0025131].
has narrower	leaf mineral and ion content trait stem mineral and ion content trait bark mineral and ion content trait root mineral and ion content trait reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
has broader	biochemical trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000004

leaf mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000006
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on a leaf [PO:0025034].
has narrower	live leaf mineral and ion content trait senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000006

live leaf mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000008
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on a live [PATO:0001421] leaf [PO:0025034].
has narrower	Leaf aluminium (Al) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf boron (B) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf carbon (C) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf chlorine (Cl) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf chromium (Cr) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf cobalt (Co) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf copper (Cu) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf iron (Fe) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf area Leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf manganese (Mn) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf molybdenum (Mo) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf area Leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf sodium (Na) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf nickel (Ni) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf area Leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf sulphur (S) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf selenium (Se) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf silicon (Si) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf zinc (Zn) content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N Leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N/P) per unit leaf dry mass Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) per unit cell wall dry mass Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) per unit leaf N content Lipid fraction of leaf P content per dry mass Nucleic acid fraction of leaf P content per dry mass Residual P fraction of leaf P content per dry mass Inorganic P fraction of leaf P content per dry mass Metabolite fraction of leaf P content per dry mass Leaf ash content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Amax measurement (PNUE Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Asat measurement (PNUE Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Amax measurement PPUE Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Asat measurement (PPUE
has broader	leaf mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000008

senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000108
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034].
has narrower	Senesced leaf aluminium (Al) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf boron (B) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf carbon (C) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf copper (Cu) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf iron (Fe) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf magnesium (Mg) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf manganese (Mn) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf molybdenum (Mo) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf sodium (Na) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf nickel (Ni) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf sulphur (S) content per unit leaf dry mass Senesced leaf zinc (Zn) content per unit leaf dry mass
has broader	leaf mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000108

stem mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000206
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on a stem [PO:0009047].
has narrower	wood mineral and ion content trait senesced wood mineral and ion content trait Stem carbon (C) content per unit stem dry mass Stem nitrogen (N) content per unit stem dry mass Bark aluminium (Al) content per unit bark dry mass Bark boron (B) content per unit bark dry mass Bark carbon (C) content per unit bark dry mass Bark calcium (Ca) content per unit bark dry mass Bark copper (Cu) content per unit bark dry mass Bark iron (Fe) content per unit bark dry mass Bark potassium (K) content per unit bark dry mass Bark magnesium (Mg) content per unit bark dry mass Bark manganese (Mn) content per unit bark dry mass Bark nitrogen (N) content per unit bark dry mass Bark sodium (Na) content per unit bark dry mass Bark phosphorus (P) content per unit bark dry mass Bark sulphur (S) content per unit bark dry mass Bark zinc (Zn) content per unit bark dry mass Bark ash content per unit bark dry mass
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000206

wood mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000408
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on wood [NCIT:C93062].
has narrower	Wood carbon (C) content per unit wood dry mass Wood calcium (Ca) content per unit wood dry mass Wood potassium (K) content per unit wood dry mass Wood magnesium (Mg) content per unit wood dry mass Wood nitrogen (N) content per unit wood dry mass Wood sodium (Na) content per unit wood dry mass Wood phosphorus (P) content per unit wood dry mass
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000408

senesced wood mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000508
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [NCIT:C93062].
has narrower	Dead wood calcium (Ca) content per unit dead wood dry mass Dead wood potassium (K) content per unit dead wood dry mass Dead wood magnesium (Mg) content per unit dead wood dry mass Dead wood nitrogen (N) content per unit dead wood dry mass Dead wood sodium (Na) content per unit dead wood dry mass Dead wood phosphorus (P) content per unit dead wood dry mass
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000508

bark mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000608
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on bark [PO:0004518].
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000608

root mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0000808
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on a root [PO:0009005].
has narrower	Root carbon (C) content per unit root dry mass Root nitrogen (N) content per unit root dry mass Root phosphorus (P) content per unit root dry mass
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0000808

reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0001006
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on the reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082].
has narrower	Flower nitrogen (N) content per unit flower dry mass Fruit calcium (Ca) content per unit fruit dry mass Fruit potassium (K) content per unit fruit dry mass Fruit magnesium (Mg) content per unit fruit dry mass Fruit nitrogen (N) content per unit fruit dry mass Fruit phosphorus (P) content per unit fruit dry mass Fruit sulphur (S) content per unit fruit dry mass Seed calcium (Ca) content per unit seed dry mass Seed potassium (K) content per unit seed dry mass Seed magnesium (Mg) content per unit seed dry mass Seed nitrogen (N) content per unit seed dry mass Seed phosphorus (P) content per unit seed dry mass Seed sulphur (S) content per unit seed dry mass
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0001006

cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0001502
description	A mineral and ion content trait which is measured on an individual tissue [CARO:0000043] type or cell [CL:0000000] type.
has narrower	Leaf rubisco nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf N content Leaf thylakoid protein nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf N content Leaf epidermis calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf hypodermis calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf internal parenchyma cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf palisade mesophyll cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf sclerenchyma cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf spongy mesophyll cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf epidermis phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf hypodermis phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf internal parenchyma cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf palisade mesophyll cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf sclerenchyma cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf spongy mesophyll cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass
has broader	mineral and ion content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0001502

metabolite content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002004
description	The trait associated with an assay to determine the affected metabolites profile.
has narrower	carbohydrate content trait lipid content trait phenolic compound content trait pigment content trait protein content trait
has broader	biochemical trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002004

carbohydrate content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002005
description	A metabolite content trait [TO:0000281] which is the amount of carbohydrate [CHEBI:16646] in a plant structure [PO:0009011].
has narrower	Leaf total non-structural carbohydrate content per unit leaf area Leaf total non-structural carbohydrate content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf cellulose content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf starch content per unit leaf area Leaf soluble starch content per unit leaf area Leaf soluble starch content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf soluble sugar content per unit leaf area Leaf soluble sugar content per unit leaf dry mass Stem soluble starch content per unit stem dry mass Stem soluble sugar content per unit stem dry mass Bark cellulose content per unit bark dry mass Root soluble starch content per unit root dry mass Root soluble sugar content per unit root dry mass
has broader	metabolite content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002005

lipid content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002006
description	The total lipid [CHEBI:18059] content measured in a plant or a plant part.
has narrower	Seed oil content per unit seed dry mass
has broader	metabolite content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002006

phenolic compound content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002007
description	Amount of phenolics present in the plant part, whole plant or product.
has narrower	Leaf lignin content per unit leaf dry mass Total leaf phenolic content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf tannin content per unit leaf dry mass Bark lignin content per unit bark dry mass Bark tannin content per unit bark dry mass
has broader	metabolite content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002007

pigment content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002008
description	A metabolite content trait [TO:0000281] which is the amount of pigment [NCIT:C747] in a plant structure [PO:0009011].
has narrower	Leaf carotenoid content per unit leaf area Leaf carotenoid content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf total chlorophyll content (chlorophyll A + B) per unit leaf area Leaf total chlorophyll content (chlorophyll A + B) per unit leaf dry mass Leaf chlorophyll A content per unit leaf area Leaf chlorophyll A content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf chlorophyll B content per unit leaf area Leaf chlorophyll B content per unit leaf dry mass Ratio of leaf chlorophyll A content to leaf chlorophyll B content Leaf chlorophyll content in SPAD units
has broader	metabolite content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002008

protein content trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0002009
description	The total protein content measured in a plant or a plant part.
has narrower	Leaf soluble protein content per unit leaf area Leaf insoluble protein content per unit leaf area Leaf rubisco content per unit leaf dry mass Seed protein content per unit seed dry mass
has broader	metabolite content trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0002009

stable isotope ratio determination

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0003004
description	A mineral and ion content trait [TO:0000465] which is a ratio [PATO:0001470] of two naturally occurring stable isotopes [EnvThes:20310], generally expressed in delta notation.
has narrower	Bark stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C Leaf stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C Stem stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C Root stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C Wood stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C Bark stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Leaf stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Stem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Root stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Wood stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Leaf xylem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Root xylem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N Leaf stable oxygen isotope composition (delta18O Stem water stable oxygen isotope composition (delta18O
has broader	biochemical trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0003004

plant morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0010001
description	A plant trait [TO:0000387] which is a morphological quality of a plant anatomical entity [PO:0025131] or a constituent cellular component [GO:0005575] contained therein. Includes traits of plant structures [PO:0009011] such as plant cell [PO:0009002], plant organ [PO:0009008], portion of plant tissue [PO:0009007], vascular system [PO:0000034], whole plant [PO:0000003] and seed [PO:0009010], as well as those of plant anatomical spaces [PO:0025117] and portions of plant substance [PO:0025161].
has narrower	whole plant morphology trait plant structure morphology trait vascular tissue morphology trait plant structure strength trait
has broader	plant trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0010001

whole plant morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0010004
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is a quality of a whole plant [PO:0000003].
has narrower	plant embryo morphology trait Plant canopy width Plant canopy breadth Plant vegetative height Height of a climbing plant Plant reproductive height Plant growth form Life form
has broader	plant morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0010004

plant embryo morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0010104
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is a quality of a plant embryo [PO:0009009].
has narrower	Embryo colour Cotyledon function Cotyledon position at germination Cotyledon hairiness Hypocotyl hairiness Seedling first true leaf type Seedling first node leaf count Seedling germination location
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0010104

plant structure morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011001
description	A plant morphology trait [TO:0000017] which is a quality of a plant structure [PO:0009011].
has narrower	leaf morphology trait portion of plant tissue morphology trait plant cell morphology trait stem morphology trait bark morphology trait root system morphology trait reproductive shoot system morphology trait Plant spinescence Physical defence structures Plant sex type Clonal spread mechanism Storage organ Plant fire tolerance strategy
has broader	plant morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011001

leaf morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011202
description	A phyllome morphology trait [TO:0000747] which is quality of a leaf [PO:0025034].
has narrower	leaf size trait leaf mass trait leaf shape trait leaf position trait leaf stomatal complex morphology trait leaf optical properties trait Cotyledon function Number of leaflets per leaf Leaf glaucousness Mature leaf hairiness Juvenile phase leaf hairiness Immature leaf hairiness Leaf surface colour Leaf surface reflectivity Average leaf epidermal cell density Lower leaf side epidermal cell density Upper leaf side epidermal cell density Palisade cell length Palisade cell width Number of layers of palisade cells Spongy mesophyll cell thickness Xylem to leaf area ratio (XLA Leaf secondary vein angle Major leaf vein density Length of all minor and major leaf lamina veins per unit area Leaf vein frequency Leaf xylem vessel density Leaf xylem vessel diameter Leaf xylem vessel wall thickness Leaf xylem vessel length Leaf work to punch Leaf specific work to punch Leaf work to shear Leaf specific work to shear (fracture toughness Leaf work to tear Leaf specific work to tear Plant photosynthetic organ Physical defence structures Plant climbing mechanisms Plant succulence
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011202

leaf size trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011204
description	Refer to size [PATO:0000117]: A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearers physical magnitude.
has narrower	Leaf area Leaflet area Leaf length Leaf width Leaf thickness Petiole length Petiole width Leaflet length Leaflet width Leaf mass per area Leaf lamina mass per area Leaf area ratio (LAR Leaf fresh mass per leaf area
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011204

leaf mass trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011206
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000505] which is the weight of a leaf [PO:0025034].
has narrower	Leaf dry mass Leaflet dry mass Leaf fresh mass Leaf mass per area Leaf lamina mass per area Leaf tissue density Leaf mass fraction Leaf dry matter content (LDMC Leaf fresh mass per leaf area Leaf water content per unit leaf area (leaf succulence Leaf water content per unit leaf dry mass Leaf water content per unit leaf fresh mass Leaf water content per unit saturated leaf mass Leaf cell wall fraction Leaf dry mass to stem dry mass ratio Stem dry mass to vegetative shoot dry mass ratio (support fraction
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011206

leaf shape trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011304
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the variation in shapes and forms of a leaf [PO:0025034]. Refer to shape [PATO:0000052]: A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearers ratios of distances between its features [points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc].
has narrower	Plant spinescence Leaf type Leaf shape Leaf base shape Leaf margin Leaf margin posture Leaf lobation Leaf compoundness Leaf divisions Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensionality Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011304

leaf position trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011402
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which refers to the position [PATO:0000140] of leaves [PO:0025034] relative to the stem [PO:0009047].
has narrower	Leaf phyllotaxis Leaf arrangement Leaf axil angle Leaf inclination angle Leaf pendulousness
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011402

portion of plant tissue morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011502
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is a quality of a portion of plant tissue [PO:0009007].
has narrower	Cuticle thickness on the lower leaf surface Cuticle thickness on the upper leaf surface Leaf epidermis thickness Lower leaf side epidermis thickness Upper leaf side epidermis thickness Lower leaf side hypodermis thickness Upper leaf side hypodermis thickness Lower palisade mesophyll thickness Upper palisade mesophyll thickness Number of layers of palisade cells Spongy mesophyll cell thickness
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011502

plant cell morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011503
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is a quality of a plant cell [PO:0009002].
has narrower	Average leaf epidermal cell density Lower leaf side epidermal cell density Upper leaf side epidermal cell density Palisade cell length Palisade cell width Cell cross-sectional area
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011503

leaf stomatal complex morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011602
description	A vascular leaf morphology trait [TO:0000419] which is a quality of the stomatal complexes [PO:0002000] present on the leaf surface.
has narrower	Stomatal density on the lower leaf surface Stomatal density on the upper leaf surface Stomatal density averaged across both leaf surfaces Stomatal distribution Stomatal hairiness Guard cell length
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011602

leaf optical properties trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011702
description	Leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] associated with the leafs optical [NCIT:C16940] properties, including the absorption [SWEET:soprocw:Absorption], transmission [SWEET:soprocw:Transmission], and reflection [SWEET:soprocw:Reflection] of light [OMIT:0009112].
has narrower	Leaf visible light transmission Leaf visible light absorption Leaf visible light reflection Leaf infra-red light reflection
has broader	leaf morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011702

stem morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011802
description	A shoot axis morphology trait [TO:0000739] which is the quality of a stem [PO:0009047].
has narrower	stem mass trait Stem diameter at breast height Stem count Stem length Stem cross-sectional area Wood cross-sectional area Terminal twig cross-sectional area Terminal twig length Wood density Herbaceous stem density Stem hairiness Huber value Root to shoot ratio Storage organ length Storage organ diameter Stem xylem vessel density Stem xylem vessel diameter Stem xylem vessel hydraulic mean diameter Stem xylem vessel lumen fraction Stem xylem vessel multiple fraction Stem non-lumen fraction xylem vessel wall fraction Xylem vulnerability index Stem xylem vessel wall thickness Stem xylem vessel length Wood axial parenchyma fraction Wood conduit fraction Wood fibre fraction Wood ray parenchyma fraction Wood tracheid fraction Stem modulus of elasticity Xylem modulus of elasticity Modulus of rupture Plant growth form Plant photosynthetic organ Woodiness Detailed woodiness categories Physical defence structures Plant climbing mechanisms Plant succulence Stem growth habit
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011802

stem mass trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0011902
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the mass [PATO:0000125] of a stem [PO:0009047].
has narrower	Leaf dry mass to stem dry mass ratio Stem dry mass to vegetative shoot dry mass ratio (support fraction Side branch dry mass to whole plant dry mass ratio Stem dry matter content (SDMC Stem water content per unit saturated stem mass Stem mass fraction Stem saturated water content per unit stem dry mass
has broader	stem morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0011902

bark morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012002
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000736] which is a quality of bark [PO:0004518].
has narrower	bark mass trait Bark morphology, Eucalyptus Bark thickness Scaled bark thickness Bark density Bark dry mass per unit bark surface area Bark water content per unit bark dry mass Bark water content per unit saturated bark mass Bark modulus of elasticity Physical defence structures
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012002

bark mass trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012006
description	A bark morphology trait which is the mass of bark.
has broader	bark morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012006

root system morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012102
description	A collective plant organ structure morphology trait [TO:0000842] which is a quality of a root system [PO:0025025].
has narrower	root morphology trait root mass trait root branchiness trait
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012102

root morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012104
description	A plant axis morphology trait [TO:0000738] which is a quality of a root [PO:0025025].
has narrower	Root diameter Root system morphology Fine root volume to coarse root volume ratio Root biomass depth distribution coefficient Root system type (presence of taproot Specific root length (SRL Specific tap root length (STRL Root surface area per unit root dry mass (specific root area Root wood density Root to shoot ratio Root dry matter content (RDMC Root mass fraction Root vascular anatomy Storage organ length Storage organ diameter Plant nitrogen fixation capacity Plant root structures
has broader	root system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012104

root mass trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012106
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the weight of a root [PO:0009005].
has broader	root system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012106

root branchiness trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012108
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which is the branchiness [PATO:0002009] of the root system [PO:0025025].
has broader	root system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012108

reproductive shoot system morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012202
description	A shoot system morphology trait [TO:0000077] that is a quality of a reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082].
has narrower	floral organ morphology trait fruit morphology trait seed morphology trait Seed accessory cost fraction Seed accessory cost mass Life form
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012202

floral organ morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012404
description	A plant organ morphology trait [TO:0000736] which is a quality of a floral organ [PO:0025395].
has narrower	perianth morphology trait androecium morphology trait gynoecium morphology trait Bud length Bud width Buds per inflorescence Maximum flower number Floral structural sex Pollination syndrome Pollination system
has broader	reproductive shoot system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012404

perianth morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012406
description	A collective phyllome structure morphology trait [TO:0000845] which is a quality of a perianth [PO:0009058].
has narrower	Inflorescence length Inflorescence diameter Flower colour Perianth colour Flower length Flower diameter Floral orientation Perianth differentiation Fusion of perianth Number of perianth parts in each whorl (Perianth merism Number of perianth parts Perianth phyllotaxis Symmetry of perianth Number of perianth whorls Petal length
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012406

androecium morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012408
description	A collective phyllome structure morphology trait [TO:0000845] that is a quality of the androecium [PO:0009061].
has narrower	Number of androecium parts in each whorl (Androecium structural merism Androecium structural phyllotaxis Number of androecium structural whorls Anther attachment Connective extension (apical Anther dehiscence Anther orientation Number of fertile stamens Filament presence and shape Fusion of filaments Fusion of filaments to inner perianth series Pollen grain aperture shape Number of pollen grain apertures Pollen grain length
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012408

gynoecium morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012409
description	A collective phyllome structure morphology trait [TO:0000845] that is a quality of the gynoecium [PO:0009062].
has narrower	Gynoecium phyllotaxis Placentation Fusion of ovaries Ovary position Number of ovules per functional carpel Number of structural carpels Style differentiation Fusion of styles
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012409

fruit morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012504
description	A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000836] which is a quality of a fruit [PO:0009001].
has narrower	Fruit dry mass Fruit length Fruit width Fruit breadth Fruit wall thickness Fruit type Fruit fleshiness Fruit dehiscence Fruit colour Fruit surface hairiness Diaspore fleshiness Dispersal appendage Dispersal unit Diaspore dispersal syndrome
has broader	reproductive shoot system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012504

seed morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0012604
description	A multi-tissue plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000836] which is a quality of a seed [PO:0009010].
has narrower	Seed dry mass Diaspore dry mass Seed embryo and endosperm dry mass Seed length Seed width Seed height Seed volume Seed count Seed shape Seed surface hairs Seed surface texture Seed surface reflectivity Diaspore fleshiness Dispersal appendage Dispersal unit Seed colour Diaspore dispersal syndrome
has broader	reproductive shoot system morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0012604

vascular tissue morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0013001
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is a quality of a vascular tissue and its parts.
has narrower	leaf vein morphology trait xylem vessel morphology trait Wood axial parenchyma fraction Wood conduit fraction Wood fibre fraction Wood ray parenchyma fraction Wood tracheid fraction
has broader	plant morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0013001

leaf vein morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0013006
description	A vascular leaf morphology trait [TO:0000419] which is a quality of a leaf lamina vein [PO:0020138].
has narrower	Leaf secondary vein angle Major leaf vein density Length of all minor and major leaf lamina veins per unit area Leaf vein frequency
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0013006

xylem vessel morphology trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0013102
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is a quality of a xylem vessel [PO:0025417].
has narrower	Stem xylem vessel density Leaf xylem vessel density Stem xylem vessel diameter Stem xylem vessel hydraulic mean diameter Leaf xylem vessel diameter Stem xylem vessel lumen fraction Stem xylem vessel multiple fraction Stem non-lumen fraction xylem vessel wall fraction Xylem vulnerability index Leaf xylem vessel wall thickness Stem xylem vessel wall thickness Leaf xylem vessel length Stem xylem vessel length
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0013102

plant structure strength trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0014001
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000736] pertaining to the strength [PATO:0001230] of a plant structure [PO:0009011] and often indicating the amount of work [PATO:0001026] required to break or deform the plant structure.
has narrower	Leaf work to punch Leaf specific work to punch Leaf work to shear Leaf specific work to shear (fracture toughness Leaf work to tear Leaf specific work to tear Bark modulus of elasticity Stem modulus of elasticity Xylem modulus of elasticity Modulus of rupture
has broader	plant morphology trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0014001

biological process trait, physiological process trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020001
description	Refers to process quality [PATO:0001236]: A quality which inheres in an process. A plant trait [TO:0000387] which is a process quality [PATO:0001236] of a biological process [GO:0008150] which occurs in a plant anatomical entity [PO:0025131], a cellular component [GO:0005575], or during a plant structure development stage [PO:0009012].
has narrower	photosynthetic trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait nutrient recycling trait
has broader	plant trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020001

photosynthetic trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020202
description	A plant physiological process trait [TO:0000283] associated with photosynthesis [GO:0015979].
has narrower	gas exchange trait photosystem performance trait Plant photosynthetic pathway Plant photosynthetic organ
has broader	biological process trait, physiological process trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020202

gas exchange trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020204
description	A plant photosynthesis trait pertaining to the movement [NCIT:C37994] of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526], water [CHEBI:15377], and oxygen [CHEBI:15379] into and out of a plant cellular metabolic processes [GO:0044237] where these molecules are the reactant [SIO:000879] or product [SIO:010363].
has narrower	photosynthetic rate trait respiration rate trait transpiration rate trait carbon dioxide concentration trait Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area under ambient conditions (gsw Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area during Amax measurement (gsw Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area during Asat measurement (gsw Leaf stomatal water vapour resistance under ambient conditions Leaf mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide per unit leaf area (gm Leaf mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide per unit leaf mass (gm Leaf cuticular conductance Leaf conductance to surface water (ksurf Leaf foliar water uptake Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Amax measurement (PNUE Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Asat measurement (PNUE Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Amax measurement PPUE Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Asat measurement (PPUE Integrated water use efficiency Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE
has broader	photosynthetic trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020204

photosynthetic rate trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020206
description	The total amount of carbon fixed by the plant per unit time and is measured by determining the changes in CO2 concentration over a plant leaf in a glass enclosure.
has narrower	Bark photosynthesis Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under ambient light and CO2 (A Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under saturating light and CO2 (Amax Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under saturating light and ambient CO2 (Asat Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under ambient light and CO2 (A Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under saturating light and CO2 (Amax Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under saturating light and ambient CO2 (Asat
has broader	gas exchange trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020206

respiration rate trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020208
description	A plant gas exchange trait which is the net rate of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] released from a whole plant [PO:0000003] or plant organ [PO:0009008] due to cellular respiration [GO:0045333] and photorespiration [GO:0009853].
has narrower	Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf area, in the dark (Rdark Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf dry mass, in the dark (Rdark Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf area, in the light (Rday Stem respiration rate per unit stem area, in the dark
has broader	gas exchange trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020208

transpiration rate trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020210
description	A plant gas exchange trait which is the rate of transpiration [ENVO:02500035].
has narrower	Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area under ambient conditions (E Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area during Amax measurement (E Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area during Asat measurement (E Leaf transpiration rate per unit leaf area, in the dark Integrated plant transpiration Whole plant sapflow
has broader	gas exchange trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020210

carbon dioxide concentration trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020212
description	A plant gas exchange trait which is the concentration [PATO:0000033] of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526].
has narrower	Leaf internal CO2 concentration during Amax measurement (ci Internal CO2 concentration during Asat measurement (ci Internal CO2 concentration under ambient conditions (ci Ratio of internal to external CO2 concentrations (ci/ca CO2 concentration inside chloroplasts (cc Ambient CO2 concentration (ca
has broader	gas exchange trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020212

photosystem performance trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0020812
description	A plant photosynthesis trait pertaining to the performance [NCIT:C60778] of the photosystem [GO:0009521] complexes, especially with regard to how effectively they process photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] during the photosynthesis light reactions [GO:0019684].
has narrower	Leaf Jmax per unit leaf area (Jmax Leaf Jmax per unit leaf area at 25 deg C (Jmax25 Leaf Jmax per unit leaf mass (Jmax Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf area (Vcmax Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf area at 25 deg C (Vcmax25 Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf mass (Vcmax Leaf Jmax to leaf Vcmax ratio at 25 deg C Leaf maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm Leaf ambient quantum yield Leaf quantum yield, gas exchange measurement Leaf heat tolerance maximum critical temperature (Tcrit-cold or Tcrit-min Leaf heat tolerance minimum critical temperature (Tcrit-hot or Tcrit-max Leaf heat tolerance maximum temperature (Tmax-hot Photochemical reflectance index (PRI
has broader	photosynthetic trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0020812

water transport trait, hydraulic trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0021002
description	A plant physiological process trait [TO:0000283] pertaining to the movement [NCIT:C37994] of water [CHEBI:15377] through a plants vascular system [PO:0000034], including water stress traits [TO:0000237].
has narrower	Leaf secondary vein angle Major leaf vein density Length of all minor and major leaf lamina veins per unit area Leaf vein frequency Stem xylem vessel density Leaf xylem vessel density Stem xylem vessel diameter Stem xylem vessel hydraulic mean diameter Leaf xylem vessel diameter Stem xylem vessel lumen fraction Stem xylem vessel multiple fraction Stem non-lumen fraction xylem vessel wall fraction Xylem vulnerability index Leaf xylem vessel wall thickness Stem xylem vessel wall thickness Leaf xylem vessel length Stem xylem vessel length Wood axial parenchyma fraction Wood conduit fraction Wood fibre fraction Wood ray parenchyma fraction Wood tracheid fraction Water band index Stem hydraulic conductivity (Kh Sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks Theoretical sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks Stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks Leaf specific hydraulic conductance (kleaf Leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (Kl Root hydraulic conductivity (Kh Root specific hydraulic conductivity Pre-dawn water potential Midday water potential Stem sapwood capacitance (C Leaf capacitance (Cleaf Root sapwood capacitance (C Leaf xylem pressure, 50% lost conductance (P50) (leaf hydraulic vulnerability Stem xylem pressure, 12% lost conductivity (P12 Stem xylem pressure, 50% lost conductivity (P50 Stem xylem pressure, 88% lost conductivity (P88 Hydraulic safety margin, 50 Hydraulic safety margin, 88 Leaf turgor loss point Osmotic potential Osmotic potential at full tugor Bulk modulus of elasticity (e Leaf relative water content predawn Leaf relative water content at turgor loss point Root xylem pressure, 50% lost conductivity (P50 Root xylem pressure, 12% lost conductivity (P12 Root xylem pressure, 88% lost conductivity (P88 Leaf xylem pressure, 12% lost conductance (P12 Leaf xylem pressure, 88% lost conductance (P88
has broader	biological process trait, physiological process trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0021002

nutrient recycling trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0022002
description	A plant physiological process trait [TO:0000283] associated with the resorption [NCIT:C93204] and recycling [NCIT:C126395] of macronutrients [CHEBI:33937] and micronutrients [CHEBI:27027] as plant structures [PO:0009011] senesce [PATO:0001487].
has narrower	Leaf nitrogen resorption efficiency Leaf phosphorus resorption efficiency
has broader	biological process trait, physiological process trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0022002

life history trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030001
description	A plant trait [TO:0000387] pertaining to an individuals life history [ECOCORE:00000018].
has narrower	whole plant phenotype trait plant phenological trait interspecific interactions trait genetic structure trait reproductive structure life history trait fire response trait chemical stress sensitivity trait environmental tolerance trait Ephemeral life history class Plant growth substrate Clonal spread mechanism Storage organ Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire
has broader	plant trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030001

whole plant phenotype trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030006
description	A plant life history trait which is a whole plant phenotype [FLOPO:0000089].
has narrower	Plant spinescence Plant growth form Life form Life history Lifespan Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies Woodiness Detailed woodiness categories Plant climbing mechanisms Plant succulence Stem growth habit Competitive stratum Vegetative reproduction ability Bud bank location Time from fire to fruiting Time from fire until 50% of individuals are fruiting
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030006

plant phenological trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030008
description	A growth and development trait [TO:0000357] which is the timing of the occurrence of plant structure development stages [PO:0009012] and the relevant biological processes [GO:0008150].
has narrower	Leaf phenology Leaf lifespan Foliage time Age of reproductive maturity Environmental flowering cues Flowering time, by month Fruiting time, by month Seedling recruitment time, by month Seedling establishment conditions Canopy light environment required for reproduction Canopy light environment required for seedling establishment Seed storage location Post-fire flowering Time from fire to first flowering Time from fire until 50% of individuals are flowering Time from fire to peak flowering Time from fire until flowering declines
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030008

interspecific interactions trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030009
description	A plant life history trait that captures an interspecific interaction between organisms [GO:0044419].
has narrower	Dispersal appendage Plant nitrogen fixation capacity Plant root structures Plant parasitism status Pollination syndrome Pollination system Diaspore dispersal syndrome Diaspore dispersal agents
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030009

genetic structure trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030059
description	A plant life history trait that captures information about genetic structures.
has narrower	Plant genome size Chromosome ploidy
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030059

reproductive structure life history trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030504
description	A plant life history trait pertaining to a plants reproductive structures [UBERON:0005156].
has narrower	Seed storage location Serotiny Seedbank longevity class Seedbank longevity Dormancy type Seed germination treatment Seed germination proportion Seed viability Seed germination time Time from fire to first flowering Time from fire until 50% of individuals are flowering Time from fire to peak flowering Time from fire until flowering declines Time from fire to fruiting Time from fire until 50% of individuals are fruiting
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030504

fire response trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030602
description	A plant life history trait indicating adaptations [NCIT:C158868] to increase survival rate [EnvThes:21065] or seed germination [GO_0009845] rate following fire [ENVO:01000786] or indicating a plants response [NCIT:C25755] to fire.
has narrower	Leaf ash content per unit leaf dry mass Bark ash content per unit bark dry mass Ephemeral life history class Seedling recruitment time, by month Seedling establishment conditions Seed storage location Serotiny Seedbank longevity class Seedbank longevity Sprout depth Post-fire resprouting capacity Post-fire proportion resprouting individuals Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants Time from seedling germination until individuals survive a fire Post-fire to pre-fire stem ratio Fire exposure level Post-fire recruitment Post-fire flowering Time from fire to first flowering Time from fire until 50% of individuals are flowering Time from fire to peak flowering Time from fire until flowering declines Time from fire to fruiting Time from fire until 50% of individuals are fruiting Fuel bed bulk density Fuel consumption by fire Fire rate of spread Leaf smoulder duration Leaf flame duration Leaf flame and smoulder duration Fire time to ignition Plant fire tolerance strategy
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030602

chemical stress sensitivity trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030702
description	Response by the plant in terms of resistivity or senility to chemical stress.
has narrower	Plant soil salinity tolerance Plant salt tolerance strategy Plant calcium sensitivity
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030702

environmental tolerance trait

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_group_0030704
description	A plant life history trait indicating adaptations [NCIT:C158868] to specific environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] or tolerance [NCIT:C43414] to specific environmental stresses [EnvThes:21245].
has narrower	Leaf heat tolerance maximum critical temperature (Tcrit-cold or Tcrit-min Leaf heat tolerance minimum critical temperature (Tcrit-hot or Tcrit-max Leaf heat tolerance maximum temperature (Tmax-hot Leaf ice nucleation temperature Photochemical reflectance index (PRI Water band index Modified normalized difference vegetation index (modified NDVI Modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index 705 Leaf chlorophyll content in SPAD units Plant succulence Foliage time Environmental flowering cues Seedling recruitment time, by month Seedling establishment conditions Plant resource requirements and tolerance Plant flood regime response Plant water-logging tolerance Plant inundation tolerance Plant snow tolerance Plant soil salinity tolerance Plant salt tolerance strategy Plant calcium sensitivity
has broader	life history trait
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_group_0030704

3. Trait concepts

The APD Trait concepts express the traits defined by the APD.

Leaf aluminium (Al) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000012
alternative label	leaf_Al_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of aluminium [CHEBI:28984] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of aluminium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	12000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	aluminium atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf aluminium content per leaf dry mass [TOP449] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf aluminium (Al) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:249] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000012

Leaf boron (B) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000014
alternative label	leaf_B_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of boron [CHEBI:27560] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of boron in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	boron atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf boron content per leaf dry mass [TOP450] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf boron (B) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:250] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000014

Leaf carbon (C) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000016
alternative label	leaf_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of carbon in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	750
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom
scope note	none
has exact match	leaf carbon content Leaf carbon content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf carbon content per leaf dry mass [TOP452] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf carbon (C) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:13] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf carbon content per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000016

Leaf calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000018
alternative label	leaf_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf calcium content per leaf dry mass [TOP451] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf calcium (Ca) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:252] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000018

Leaf chlorine (Cl) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000020
alternative label	leaf_Cl_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorine [CHEBI:23116] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of chlorine in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorine atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorine content per leaf dry mass [TOP453] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf chlorine (Cl) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:539] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000020

Leaf chromium (Cr) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000022
alternative label	leaf_Cr_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chromium [CHEBI:28073] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of chromium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	ppm parts per million
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	150
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	chromium atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chromium (Cr) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:254] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000022

Leaf cobalt (Co) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000024
alternative label	leaf_Co_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of cobalt [CHEBI:27638] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of cobalt in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	ppm parts per million
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	150
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	cobalt atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf cobalt content per leaf dry mass [TOP454] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf cobalt (Co) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:253] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000024

Leaf copper (Cu) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000026
alternative label	leaf_Cu_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of copper [CHEBI:28694] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of copper in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	150
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	copper atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf copper content per leaf dry mass [TOP455] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf copper (Cu) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:255] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000026

Leaf iron (Fe) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000028
alternative label	leaf_Fe_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of iron [CHEBI:18248] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of iron in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	iron atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf iron content per leaf dry mass [TOP456] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf iron (Fe) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:256] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000028

Leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000029
alternative label	leaf_K_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of potassium in a leaf to leaf area.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	leaf potassium content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf potassium content per leaf area [TOP483] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf area [TRY:52] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000029

Leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000030
alternative label	leaf_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of potassium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	leaf potassium content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf potassium content per leaf dry mass [TOP464] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf potassium (K) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:44] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000030

Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000032
alternative label	leaf_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf magnesium content per leaf dry mass [TOP457] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf magnesium (Mg) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:257] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000032

Leaf manganese (Mn) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000034
alternative label	leaf_Mn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of manganese [CHEBI:18291] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of manganese in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	20000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	manganese atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf manganese content per leaf dry mass [TOP458] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf manganese (Mn) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:258] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000034

Leaf molybdenum (Mo) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000036
alternative label	leaf_Mo_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of molybdenum [CHEBI:28685] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of molybdenum in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	molybdenum atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf molybdenum content per leaf dry mass [TOP459] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf molybdenum (Mo) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:259] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000036

Leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000037
alternative label	leaf_N_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in a leaf to leaf area.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.08
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	Leaf nitrogen content leaf nitrogen content leaf nitrogen concentration
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf nitrogen content per leaf area [TOP481] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf area [TRY:50] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf nitrogen content per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000037

Leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000038
alternative label	leaf_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.4
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	Leaf nitrogen content leaf nitrogen content leaf nitrogen concentration
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf nitrogen content per leaf dry mass [TOP462] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf nitrogen (N) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:14] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf nitrogen content per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Mass-based leaf nitrogen content [BROT:7] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000038

Leaf sodium (Na) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000040
alternative label	leaf_Na_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sodium [CHEBI:26708] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of sodium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	20000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sodium atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf sodium content per leaf dry mass [TOP460] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf sodium (Na) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:260] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000040

Leaf nickel (Ni) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000042
alternative label	leaf_Ni_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nickel [CHEBI:28112] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of nickel in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nickel atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf nickel content per leaf dry mass [TOP461] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf nickel (Ni) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:261] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000042

Leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000043
alternative label	leaf_P_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in a leaf to leaf area.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.005
maxAllowedValue	1.2
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	leaf phosphorus content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf phosphorus content per leaf area [TOP482] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf area [TRY:51] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf phosphorus content per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000043

Leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000044
alternative label	leaf_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.03
maxAllowedValue	12
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match	leaf phosphorus content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf phosphorus content per leaf dry mass [TOP463] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf phosphorus (P) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:15] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf phosphorus content per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000044

Leaf sulphur (S) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000046
alternative label	leaf_S_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sulphur [CHEBI:26833] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of sulphur in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	50000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sulfur atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf sulfur content per leaf dry mass [TOP466] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf sulfur (S) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:262] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000046

Leaf selenium (Se) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000048
alternative label	leaf_Se_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of selenium [CHEBI:27568] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of selenium in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	ppm parts per million
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	selenium atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf selenium (Se) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:263] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000048

Leaf silicon (Si) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000050
alternative label	leaf_Si_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of silicon [CHEBI:27573] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of silicon in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades. Leaf silicon (Si) must not be confused with leaf silica (SiO2). In plants, Si is mostly found as hydrated amorphous silica (SiO2 , nH2O).
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	silicon atom
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf silicon content per leaf dry mass [TOP465] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf silicon (Si) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:264] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cooke & Leishman 2011 de Tombeur 2023
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	13/02/2023
reviewed by	Félix de Tombeur
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000050

Leaf zinc (Zn) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000052
alternative label	leaf_Zn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of zinc [CHEBI:27363] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of zinc in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	zinc atom micronutrient
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf zinc content per leaf dry mass [TOP467] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf zinc (Zn) content per leaf dry mass [TRY:268] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000052

Leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000090
alternative label	leaf_CN_ratio
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in the leaf. The ratio of the mass of carbon in a leaf to the mass of nitrogen in the leaf.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom macronutrient nitrogen atom
scope note	none
has exact match	Ratio leaf nitrogen to leaf carbon C/N
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio [TRY:146] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf carbon content per leaf nitrogen content [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000090

Leaf nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N/P) per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000091
alternative label	leaf_NP_ratio
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in the leaf. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in a leaf to the mass of phosphorus in the leaf.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient phosphorus atom
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) ratio [TRY:56] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	N_to_P_ratio
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000091

Senesced leaf aluminium (Al) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000112
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Al_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of aluminium [CHEBI:28984] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of aluminium in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	aluminium atom senescent plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter aluminium content per litter dry mass [TOP583] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter aluminium (Al ) content per litter dry mass [TRY:987] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Al_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000112

Senesced leaf boron (B) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000114
alternative label	leaf_senesced_B_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of boron [CHEBI:27560] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of boron in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	boron atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter boron content per litter dry mass [TOP584] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_B_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000114

Senesced leaf carbon (C) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000116
alternative label	leaf_senesced_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of carbon in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom senescent plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter carbon content per litter dry mass [TOP586] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter carbon (C) content per litter dry mass [TRY:72] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_C_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000116

Senesced leaf calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000118
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter calcium content per litter dry mass [TOP585] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) calcium (Ca) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:943] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Ca_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000118

Senesced leaf copper (Cu) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000126
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Cu_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of copper [CHEBI:28694] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of copper in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	copper atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter copper content per litter dry mass [TOP589] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) copper (Cu) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:947] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Cu_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000126

Senesced leaf iron (Fe) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000128
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Fe_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of iron [CHEBI:18248] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of iron in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	iron atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter iron content per litter dry mass [TOP590] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) iron (Fe) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:950] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Fe_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000128

Senesced leaf potassium (K) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000130
alternative label	leaf_senesced_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of potassium in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom senescent macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter potassium content per litter dry mass [TOP598] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) potassium (K) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:958] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_K_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000130

Senesced leaf magnesium (Mg) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000132
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter magnesium content per litter dry mass [TOP591] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) magnesium (Mg) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:952] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Mg_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000132

Senesced leaf manganese (Mn) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000134
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Mn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of manganese [CHEBI:18291] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of manganese in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	manganese atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter manganese content per litter dry mass [TOP592] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) manganese (Mn) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:953] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Mn_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000134

Senesced leaf molybdenum (Mo) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000136
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Mo_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of molybdenum [CHEBI:28685] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of molybdenum in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	30
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	molybdenum atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter molybdenum content per litter dry mass [TOP593] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter molybdenium (Mo) content per litter dry mass [TRY:999] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Mo_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000136

Senesced leaf nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000138
alternative label	leaf_senesced_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom senescent macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter nitrogen content per litter dry mass [TOP596] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) nitrogen (N) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:954] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_N_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000138

Senesced leaf sodium (Na) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000140
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Na_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sodium [CHEBI:26708] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of sodium in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	20000
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sodium atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter sodium content per litter dry mass [TOP594] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter sodium (Na) content per litter dry mass [TRY:1004] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Na_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000140

Senesced leaf nickel (Ni) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000142
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Ni_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nickel [CHEBI:28112] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of nickel in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nickel atom senescent plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Ni_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000142

Senesced leaf phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000144
alternative label	leaf_senesced_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.005
maxAllowedValue	15
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom senescent macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter phosphorus content per litter dry mass [TOP597] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) phosphorus (P) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:957] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_P_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000144

Senesced leaf sulphur (S) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000146
alternative label	leaf_senesced_S_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sulphur [CHEBI:26833] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of sulphur in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	50000
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sulfur atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter sulfur content per litter dry mass [TOP600] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) sulfur (S) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:961] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_S_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000146

Senesced leaf zinc (Zn) content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000152
alternative label	leaf_senesced_Zn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of zinc [CHEBI:27363] in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf [PO:0025034] (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the senescent leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of zinc in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to the senescent leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/kg milligram per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	zinc atom senescent micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Litter zinc content per litter dry mass [TOP601] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Litter (leaf) zinc (Zn) content per leaf litter dry mass [TRY:962] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	senesced_leaf_Zn_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000152

Leaf nitrogen resorption efficiency

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0022012
alternative label	leaf_N_resorption
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] nutrient recycling trait which is one minus the ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] content in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to leaf nitrogen content in a live [PATO:0001421] leaf, indicating what proportion of nitrogen is resorbed [NCIT:C93204] from the senescent leaf before it is shed. A leaf nutrient recycling trait which is one minus the ratio of leaf nitrogen content in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to leaf nitrogen content in a live leaf, indicating what proportion of nitrogen is resorbed from the senescent leaf before it is shed.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	-1.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	nutrient recycling trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	nitrogen atom senescent resorption plant litter macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	resorption_leaf_N
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0022012

Leaf phosphorus resorption efficiency

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0022013
alternative label	leaf_P_resorption
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] nutrient recycling trait which is one minus the ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] content in a senescent [PATO:0001487] leaf (leaf litter [ENVO:01000628]) to leaf phosphorus content in a live [PATO:0001421] leaf, indicating what proportion of phosphorus is resorbed [NCIT:C93204] from the senescent leaf before it is shed. A leaf nutrient recycling trait which is one minus the ratio of leaf phosphorus content in a senescent leaf (leaf litter) to leaf phosphorus content in a live leaf, indicating what proportion of phosphorus is resorbed from the senescent leaf before it is shed.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	-1.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	nutrient recycling trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	phosphorus atom senescent resorption plant litter macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	resorption_leaf_P
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0022013

Stem carbon (C) content per unit stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000216
alternative label	stem_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in a stem [PO:0009047] to stem dry mass. The ratio of the mass of carbon in a stem to stem dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom
scope note
has exact match	stem carbon content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem carbon content per stem dry mass [TOP491] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stem carbon (C) content per stem dry mass [TRY:407] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000216

Stem nitrogen (N) content per unit stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000238
alternative label	stem_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in a stem [PO:0009047] to stem dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in a stem to stem dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem nitrogen content per stem dry mass [TOP501] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stem nitrogen (N) content per stem dry mass [TRY:406] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000238

Wood carbon (C) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000416
alternative label	wood_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of carbon in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	750
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom wood plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood carbon content per wood dry mass trait [TOP732] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem carbon (C) content per stem dry mass [TRY:407] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000416

Wood calcium (Ca) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000418
alternative label	wood_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of calcium in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood calcium content per wood dry mass trait [TOP731] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem calcium (Ca) content per stem dry mass [TRY:623] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000418

Wood potassium (K) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000430
alternative label	wood_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of potassium in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood potassium content per wood dry mass trait [TOP744] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem potassium (K) content per stem dry mass [TRY:628] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000430

Wood magnesium (Mg) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000432
alternative label	wood_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood magnesium content per wood dry mass trait [TOP737] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem magnesium (Mg) content per stem dry mass [TRY:624] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000432

Wood nitrogen (N) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000438
alternative label	wood_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood nitrogen content per wood dry mass trait [TOP742] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Wood nitrogen (N) content per wood dry mass [TRY:1229] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000438

Wood sodium (Na) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000440
alternative label	wood_Na_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sodium [CHEBI:26708] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of sodium in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sodium atom wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood sodium content per wood dry mass trait [TOP740] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem sodium (Na) content per stem dry mass [TRY:627] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000440

Wood phosphorus (P) content per unit wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000444
alternative label	wood_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in wood [PO:0005848] to wood dry mass. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in wood to wood dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood phosphorus content per wood dry mass trait [TOP743] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stem phosphorus (P) content per stem dry mass [TRY:616] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000444

Dead wood calcium (Ca) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000518
alternative label	wood_dead_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of calcium in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom senescent wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris calcium content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP750] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter (other than leaf: twigs, bark, flowers…) calcium (Ca) content per litter dry mass [TRY:2892] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_Ca_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000518

Dead wood potassium (K) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000530
alternative label	wood_dead_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of potassium in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom senescent wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris potassium content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP763] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter (other than leaf: twigs, bark, flowers…) potassium (K) content per litter dry mass [TRY:2891] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_K_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000530

Dead wood magnesium (Mg) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000532
alternative label	wood_dead_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom senescent wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris magnesium content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP756] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter (other than leaf: twigs, bark, flowers…) magnesium (Mg) content per litter dry mass [TRY:2893] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_Mg_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000532

Dead wood nitrogen (N) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000538
alternative label	wood_dead_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom senescent wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris nitrogen content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP761] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter twig nitrogen (N) content per twig dry mass [TRY:1199] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_N_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000538

Dead wood sodium (Na) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000540
alternative label	wood_dead_Na_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sodium [CHEBI:26708] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of sodium in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sodium atom senescent wood micronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris sodium content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP759] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter (other than leaf: twigs, bark, flowers…) sodium (Na) content per litter dry mass [TRY:2898] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_Na_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000540

Dead wood phosphorus (P) content per unit dead wood dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000544
alternative label	wood_dead_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in senescent [PATO:0001487] wood [PO:0005848] (litter [ENVO:01000628]) to the dry mass of the senesced wood. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in senescent wood (litter) to the dry mass of the senesced wood.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	senesced wood mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom senescent wood macronutrient plant litter
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Coarse woody debris phosphorus content per coarse woody debris dry mass trait [TOP762] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Litter other than leaf phosphorus (P) content per litter dry mass [TRY:2890] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	dead_wood_P_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000544

Bark aluminium (Al) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000612
alternative label	bark_Al_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of aluminium [CHEBI:28984] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of aluminium in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	aluminium atom
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark aluminium content per bark dry mass [TOP373] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000612

Bark boron (B) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000614
alternative label	bark_B_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of boron [CHEBI:27560] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of boron in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	boron atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark boron content per bark dry mass [TOP374] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000614

Bark carbon (C) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000616
alternative label	bark_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of carbon in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	750
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark carbon content per bark dry mass [TOP376] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark carbon (C) content per bark dry mass [TRY:617] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000616

Bark calcium (Ca) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000618
alternative label	bark_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of calcium in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark calcium content per bark dry mass [TOP375] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark calcium (Ca) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2957] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000618

Bark copper (Cu) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000626
alternative label	bark_Cu_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of copper [CHEBI:28694] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of copper in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	copper atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark copper content per bark dry mass [TOP379] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark copper (Cu) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2958] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000626

Bark iron (Fe) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000628
alternative label	bark_Fe_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of iron [CHEBI:18248] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of iron in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	iron atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark iron content per bark dry mass [TOP380] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark iron (Fe) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2959] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000628

Bark potassium (K) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000630
alternative label	bark_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of potassium in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark potassium content per bark dry mass [TOP388] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark potassium (K) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2960] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000630

Bark magnesium (Mg) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000632
alternative label	bark_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark magnesium content per bark dry mass [TOP381] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark magnesium (Mg) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2961] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000632

Bark manganese (Mn) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000634
alternative label	bark_Mn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of manganese [CHEBI:18291] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of manganese in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	manganese atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark manganese content per bark dry mass [TOP382] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark manganese (Mn) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2962] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000634

Bark nitrogen (N) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000638
alternative label	bark_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark nitrogen content per bark dry mass [TOP386] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark nitrogen (N) content per bark dry mass [TRY:618] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000638

Bark sodium (Na) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000640
alternative label	bark_Na_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sodium [CHEBI:26708] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of sodium in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sodium atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark sodium content per bark dry mass [TOP384] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000640

Bark phosphorus (P) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000644
alternative label	bark_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark phosphorus content per bark dry mass [TOP387] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark phosphorus (P) content per bark dry mass [TRY:619] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000644

Bark sulphur (S) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000646
alternative label	bark_S_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sulphur [CHEBI:26833] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of sulphur in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sulfur atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark sulfur content per bark dry mass [TOP390] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark sulfur (S) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2963] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000646

Bark zinc (Zn) content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000652
alternative label	bark_Zn_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of zinc [CHEBI:27363] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of zinc in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	zinc atom micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark zinc content per bark dry mass [TOP391] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark zinc (Zn) content per bark dry mass [TRY:2964] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000652

Root carbon (C) content per unit root dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000816
alternative label	root_C_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carbon [CHEBI:27594] in roots [PO:0009005] to root dry mass. The ratio of the mass of carbon in roots to root dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	750
has broader	root mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon atom
scope note
has exact match	root carbon content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root carbon content per root dry mass trait [TOP713] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Root carbon (C) content per root dry mass [TRY:84] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000816

Root nitrogen (N) content per unit root dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000838
alternative label	root_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in roots [PO:0009005] to root dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in roots to root dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	root mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match	root nitrogen content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root nitrogen content per root dry mass trait [TOP723] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Root nitrogen (N) content per root dry mass [TRY:80] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000838

Root phosphorus (P) content per unit root dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0000844
alternative label	root_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in roots [PO:0009005] to root dry mass. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in roots to root dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	root mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match	root system phosphorus content
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0000844

Flower nitrogen (N) content per unit flower dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001038
alternative label	flower_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in flowers [PO:0009046] to flower dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in flowers to flower dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	reproduction nitrogen atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001038

Fruit calcium (Ca) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001118
alternative label	fruit_Ca_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of calcium in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001118

Fruit potassium (K) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001130
alternative label	fruit_K_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of potassium in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001130

Fruit magnesium (Mg) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001132
alternative label	fruit_Mg_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001132

Fruit nitrogen (N) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001138
alternative label	fruit_N_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001138

Fruit phosphorus (P) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001144
alternative label	fruit_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001144

Fruit sulphur (S) content per unit fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001146
alternative label	fruit_S_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sulphur [CHEBI:26833] in fruit [PO:0009001] to fruit dry mass. The ratio of the mass of sulphur in fruit to fruit dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sulfur atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001146

Seed calcium (Ca) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001218
alternative label	seed_Ca_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of calcium in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed calcium content per seed dry mass [TOP566] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_Ca_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001218

Seed potassium (K) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001230
alternative label	seed_K_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of potassium [CHEBI:26216] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of potassium in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	potassium atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed potassium content per seed dry mass [TOP579] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_K_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001230

Seed magnesium (Mg) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001232
alternative label	seed_Mg_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of magnesium [CHEBI:25107] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of magnesium in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	magnesium atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed magnesium content per seed dry mass [TOP572] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_Mg_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001232

Seed nitrogen (N) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001238
alternative label	seed_N_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match	concentration of nitrogen in seeds
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed nitrogen content per seed dry mass [TOP577] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed nitrogen (N) content per dry mass (or diaspore) [TRY:2945] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_N_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001238

Seed phosphorus (P) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001244
alternative label	seed_P_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed phosphorus content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed phosphorus content per seed dry mass [TOP578] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed phosphorus (P) content per dry mass (or diaspore) [TRY:3000] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_P_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001244

Seed sulphur (S) content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001246
alternative label	seed_S_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sulphur [CHEBI:26833] in seeds [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass. The ratio of the mass of sulphur in seeds to seed dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	reproductive shoot system mineral and ion content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	sulfur atom micronutrient reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed sulfur content per seed dry mass [TOP581] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_S_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001246

Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) per unit cell wall dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001511
alternative label	leaf_cell_wall_N_per_cell_wall_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in the plant cell wall [GO:0009505] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the cell wall dry mass in the leaf. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the plant cell wall in a leaf to the cell wall dry mass in the leaf.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{N}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient cell plant-type cell wall
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) content per cell wall dry mass [TRY:3376] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) content per leaf area [TRY:3377] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	leaf_cell_wall_N
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001511

Leaf cell wall nitrogen (N) per unit leaf N content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001512
alternative label	leaf_cell_wall_N_per_leaf_N
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in the plant cell wall [GO:0009505] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of nitrogen in the leaf. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in the plant cell wall in a leaf to the mass of nitrogen in the leaf.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient cell plant-type cell wall
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	leaf_cell_wall_N_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001512

Leaf rubisco nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf N content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001513
alternative label	leaf_rubisco_N_per_total_leaf_N
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in rubisco [MESH:D012273] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of nitrogen in a leaf. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in rubisco in a leaf to the mass of nitrogen in a leaf.
comments	This trait is most commonly measured on leaf tissue. If the Rubisco concentration of a different tissue is measured, this should be explicitly noted in the methods or as a method context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	0.5
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient cell protein Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase chloroplast
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	rubisco to nitrogen content ratio
examples	exact match: Leaf nitrogen (N) fraction in Rubisco [TRY:187] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_rubisco_N_per_total_N
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001513

Leaf thylakoid protein nitrogen (N) content per unit leaf N content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001514
alternative label	leaf_thylakoid_N_per_total_leaf_N
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] in thylakoid [GO:0009579] proteins [CHEBI:36080] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of nitrogen in a leaf. The ratio of the mass of nitrogen in thylakoid proteins in a leaf to the mass of nitrogen in a leaf.
comments	This trait is most commonly measured on leaf tissue. If the Rubisco concentration of a different tissue is measured, this should be explicitly noted in the methods or as a method context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	0.3
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	nitrogen atom macronutrient cell protein thylakoid chloroplast
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_thylakoid_N_per_total_N
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001514

Leaf epidermis calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001611
alternative label	leaf_epidermis_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in epidermal cells [PO:0004013] to epidermal cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in epidermal cells to epidermal cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom epidermal cell cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_epidermis_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001611

Leaf hypodermis calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001612
alternative label	leaf_hypodermis_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in the hypodermis [PO:0005051] to hypodermis fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in the hypodermis to hypodermis fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom hypodermis cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_hypodermis_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001612

Leaf internal parenchyma cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001613
alternative label	leaf_internal_parenchyma_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in parenchyma cells [PO:0000074] to parenchyma cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in parenchyma cells to parenchyma cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom parenchyma cell cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_internal_parenchyma_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001613

Leaf palisade mesophyll cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001614
alternative label	leaf_palisade_mesophyll_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in palisade mesophyll cells [PO:0006206] to palisade mesophyll cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in palisade mesophyll cells to palisade mesophyll cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom palisade mesophyll cell cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_palisade_mesophyll_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001614

Leaf sclerenchyma cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001615
alternative label	leaf_sclerenchyma_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in sclerenchyma cells [PO:0000077] to sclerenchyma cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in sclerenchyma cells to sclerenchyma cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom sclerenchyma cell cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_sclerenchyma_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001615

Leaf spongy mesophyll cell calcium (Ca) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001616
alternative label	leaf_spongy_mesophyll_Ca_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of calcium [CHEBI:22984] in spongy mesophyll cells [PO:0006205] to spongy mesophyll cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of calcium in spongy mesophyll cells to spongy mesophyll cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{Ca}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	calcium atom spongy mesophyll cell cell micronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_spongy_mesophyll_Ca_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001616

Leaf epidermis phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001661
alternative label	leaf_epidermis_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in epidermal cells [PO:0004013] to epidermal cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in epidermal cells to epidermal cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom epidermal cell cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_epidermis_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001661

Leaf hypodermis phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001662
alternative label	leaf_hypodermis_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in the hypodermis [PO:0005051] to hypodermis fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the hypodermis to hypodermis fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom hypodermis cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_hypodermis_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001662

Leaf internal parenchyma cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001663
alternative label	leaf_internal_parenchyma_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in parenchyma cells [PO:0000074] to parenchyma cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in parenchyma cells to parenchyma cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom parenchyma cell cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_internal_parenchyma_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001663

Leaf palisade mesophyll cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001664
alternative label	leaf_palisade_mesophyll_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in palisade mesophyll cells [PO:0006206] to palisade mesophyll cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in palisade mesophyll cells to palisade mesophyll cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	30
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom palisade mesophyll cell cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_palisade_mesophyll_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001664

Leaf sclerenchyma cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001665
alternative label	leaf_sclerenchyma_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in sclerenchyma cells [PO:0000077] to sclerenchyma cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in sclerenchyma cells to sclerenchyma cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom sclerenchyma cell cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_sclerenchyma_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001665

Leaf spongy mesophyll cell phosphorus (P) content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001666
alternative label	leaf_spongy_mesophyll_P_per_fresh_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in spongy mesophyll cells [PO:0006205] to spongy mesophyll cell fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in spongy mesophyll cells to spongy mesophyll cell fresh mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{P}/g micromole per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	30
has broader	cell or tissue mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom spongy mesophyll cell cell macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_spongy_mesophyll_P_per_fresh_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001666

Lipid fraction of leaf P content per dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001667
alternative label	leaf_lipid_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] allocated to lipids [CHEBI:18059] to leaf total dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the lipid fraction of a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom lipid macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001667

Nucleic acid fraction of leaf P content per dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001668
alternative label	leaf_nucleic_acid_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of the fraction of total phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] allocated to nucleic acids [CHEBI:33696] to leaf total dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the lipid fraction of a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom nucleic acid macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001668

Residual P fraction of leaf P content per dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001669
alternative label	leaf_residual_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] allocated to residual P to leaf total dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the lipid fraction of a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001669

Inorganic P fraction of leaf P content per dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001670
alternative label	leaf_inorganic_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] that is inorganic [NCIT:C66829] P to leaf total dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the lipid fraction of a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom inorganic macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001670

Metabolite fraction of leaf P content per dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0001671
alternative label	leaf_metabolite_P_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] in a leaf [PO:0025034] allocated to metabolites [NCIT:C61154] to leaf total dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of phosphorus in the lipid fraction of a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phosphorus atom metabolite macronutrient
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0001671

Leaf total non-structural carbohydrate content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002021
alternative label	leaf_total_non-structural_carbohydrates_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of non-structural carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] (sugars [APD:glossary/40106]) in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323], where non-structural carbohydrates are carbohydrates that do not comprise the cell wall [GO:0009505]. The ratio of the mass of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars) in a leaf to leaf area, where non-structural carbohydrates are carbohydrates that do not comprise the cell wall.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate starch sugar non-structural carbohydrates
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002021

Leaf total non-structural carbohydrate content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002022
alternative label	leaf_total_non-structural_carbohydrates_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of non-structural carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] (sugars [APD:glossary/40106]) in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014], where non-structural carbohydrates are carbohydrates that do not comprise the cell wall [GO:0009505]. The ratio of the mass of non-structural carbohydrates (sugars) in a leaf to leaf dry mass, where non-structural carbohydrates are carbohydrates that do not comprise the cell wall.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate starch sugar non-structural carbohydrates
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002022

Leaf cellulose content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002024
alternative label	leaf_cellulose_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of cellulose [CHEBI:62967] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of cellulose in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	amorphous cellulose carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	cellulose content
examples	exact match: Leaf cellulose content per leaf dry mass [TOP819] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf cellulose content per leaf dry mass [TRY:92] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002024

Leaf starch content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002025
alternative label	leaf_starch_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of total starch [CHEBI:28017] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of total starch in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	starch carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	starch content
examples	exact match: Leaf starch content per leaf dry mass [TRY:505] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	starch_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002025

Leaf soluble starch content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002027
alternative label	leaf_soluble_starch_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] soluble [PATO:0001537] starch [CHEBI:28017] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of water soluble starch in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	starch carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf starch content per leaf dry mass [TRY:505] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	soluble_starch_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002027

Leaf soluble starch content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002028
alternative label	leaf_soluble_starch_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] soluble [PATO:0001537] starch [CHEBI:28017] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of water soluble starch in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	starch carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf starch content per leaf dry mass [TRY:505] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002028

Leaf soluble sugar content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002031
alternative label	leaf_soluble_sugars_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sugar [APD:glossary/40106] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323], where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] that are soluble in [PATO:0001537] water [CHEBI:15377], including both monosaccharides [CHEBI:35381] and disaccharides [CHEBI:36233]. The ratio of the mass of sugar in a leaf to leaf area, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates that are soluble in water, including both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate monosaccharide disaccharide sugar
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	total soluble sugar content
examples	exact match: Leaf sugar content per leaf area [TOP920] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf sugar content per leaf dry mass [TRY:506] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	soluble_sugars_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002031

Leaf soluble sugar content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002032
alternative label	leaf_soluble_sugars_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sugar [APD:glossary/40106] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014], where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] that are soluble in [PATO:0001537] water [CHEBI:15377], including both monosaccharides [CHEBI:35381] and disaccharides [CHEBI:36233]. The ratio of the mass of sugar in a leaf to leaf dry mass, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates that are soluble in water, including both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate monosaccharide disaccharide sugar
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	total soluble sugar content
examples	exact match: Leaf sugar content per leaf dry mass [TOP919] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf sugar content per leaf dry mass [TRY:506] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002032

Leaf soluble protein content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002035
alternative label	leaf_soluble_protein_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] soluble [PATO:0001537] protein [CHEBI:36080] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of water soluble protein in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	protein content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	protein
scope note
has exact match	Leaf soluble protein content
has close match
has related match	soluble protein content
examples	close match: Leaf protein content per leaf dry mass [TRY:503] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	soluble_protein_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002035

Leaf insoluble protein content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002037
alternative label	leaf_insoluble_protein_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] insoluble [PATO:0001538] protein [CHEBI:36080] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of water insoluble protein in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	protein content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	protein
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf protein content per leaf dry mass [TRY:503] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	insoluble_protein_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002037

Leaf lignin content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002050
alternative label	leaf_lignin_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of lignin [CHEBI:6457] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of lignin in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	phenolic compound content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	lignin
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	lignin content
examples	exact match: Leaf lignin content per leaf dry mass [TOP844] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf lignin content per leaf dry mass [TRY:87] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	13/02/2023
reviewed by	Félix de Tombeur
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002050

Total leaf phenolic content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002052
alternative label	leaf_phenol_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of phenol [CHEBI:33853] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014], where phenol content is measured as gallic acid [CHEBI:30778] equivalents. The ratio of the mass of phenol in a leaf to leaf dry mass, where phenol content is measured as gallic acid equivalents.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	phenolic compound content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phenol gallic acid
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf phenols content per leaf dry mass [TRY:147] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Salminen & Karonen 2011
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	13/02/2023
reviewed by	Félix de Tombeur
change note	leaf_phenol_content_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002052

Leaf tannin content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002054
alternative label	leaf_tannin_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of tannins [CHEBI:26848] (a class of polyphenols [CHEBI:26195]) in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of tannins (a class of polyphenols) in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	Tannins are a specific class of polyphenolic compounds found in plants.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	phenolic compound content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	phenol tannin polyphenol
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf tannin content per leaf dry mass [TRY:148] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Salminen & Karonen 2011
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	06/06/2025
date reviewed	13/02/2023
reviewed by	Félix de Tombeur
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002054

Leaf carotenoid content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002055
alternative label	leaf_carotenoid_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carotenoids [CHEBI:23044] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of carotenoids in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{carotenoid}/m2 micromole per square metre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	carotenoid
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	carotenoid content
examples	exact match: Leaf carotenoid content per leaf area [TRY:491] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	carotenoid_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002055

Leaf carotenoid content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002056
alternative label	leaf_carotenoid_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of carotenoids [CHEBI:23044] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of carotenoids in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{carotenoid}/kg millimole per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carotenoid
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	carotenoid content
examples	exact match: Leaf carotenoid content per leaf dry mass [TRY:809] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	carotenoid_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002056

Leaf total chlorophyll content (chlorophyll A + B) per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002081
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll [CHEBI:28966] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323], where chlorophyll content is the sum of chlorophyll a [CHEBI:18230] and chlorophyll b [CHEBI:27888] content. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll in a leaf to leaf area, where chlorophyll content is the sum of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{chlorophyll}/m2 micromole per square metre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll chlorophyll a chlorophyll b chloroplast
scope note
has exact match	Leaf chlorophyll content
has close match	leaf chlorophyll content
has related match	chlorophyll content
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf area [TRY:413] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002081

Leaf total chlorophyll content (chlorophyll A + B) per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002082
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll [CHEBI:28966] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014], where chlorophyll content is the sum of chlorophyll a [CHEBI:18230] and chlorophyll b [CHEBI:27888] content. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll in a leaf to leaf dry mass, where chlorophyll content is the sum of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{chlorophyll}/kg millimole per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	15
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll chlorophyll a chlorophyll b chloroplast
scope note
has exact match	Leaf chlorophyll content
has close match	leaf chlorophyll content
has related match	chlorophyll content
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf dry mass [TRY:164] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002082

Leaf chlorophyll A content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002083
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_A_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll a [CHEBI:18230] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll a in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{chlorophyllA}/m2 micromole per square metre
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll a chlorophyll chloroplast
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Chlorophyll a chlorophyll a content
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf area (Chl a) [TRY:3476] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_A_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002083

Leaf chlorophyll A content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002084
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_A_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll a [CHEBI:18230] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll a in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{chlorophyllA}/kg millimole per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll a chlorophyll chloroplast
scope note
has exact match	Chlorophyll a
has close match	chlorophyll a content
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf dry mass (Chl a) [TRY:3474] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_A_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002084

Leaf chlorophyll B content per unit leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002085
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_B_per_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll b [CHEBI:27888] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll b in a leaf to leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{chlorophyllB}/m2 micromole per square metre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll b chlorophyll chloroplast
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Chlorophyll b chlorophyll b content
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf area (Chl b) [TRY:3477] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_B_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002085

Leaf chlorophyll B content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002086
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_B_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll b [CHEBI:27888] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll b in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{chlorophyllB}/kg millimole per kilogram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	chlorophyll b chlorophyll chloroplast
scope note
has exact match	Chlorophyll b
has close match	chlorophyll b content
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll content per leaf dry mass (Chl b) [TRY:3475] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_B_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002086

Ratio of leaf chlorophyll A content to leaf chlorophyll B content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002087
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_A_B_ratio
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll a [CHEBI:18230] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of chlorophyll b [CHEBI:27888] in the leaf. The ratio of the mass of chlorophyll a in a leaf to the mass of chlorophyll b in the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{chlorophyllA}/umol{chlorophyllB} micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	6
has broader	pigment content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	chlorophyll a chlorophyll b chlorophyll chloroplast
scope note
has exact match	Chlorophyll a to b ratio chlorophyll ratio
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf chlorophyll a/b ratio [TRY:416] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	chlorophyll_A_B_ratio
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002087

Leaf rubisco content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002090
alternative label	leaf_rubisco_per_leaf_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of rubisco [MESH:D012273] in a leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of rubisco in a leaf to leaf dry mass.
comments	This trait is most commonly measured on leaf tissue. If the Rubisco concentration of a different tissue is measured, this should be explicitly noted in the methods or as a method context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	5
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	protein content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase chloroplast protein
scope note
has exact match	Leaf rubisco content
has close match	rubisco content
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf Rubisco content per leaf area [TRY:504] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	cell_rubisco_concentration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002090

Stem soluble starch content per unit stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002127
alternative label	stem_soluble_starch_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] soluble [PATO:0001537] starch [CHEBI:28017] in a stem [PO:0009047] to stem dry mass. The ratio of the mass of water soluble starch in a stem to stem dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	starch carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002127

Stem soluble sugar content per unit stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002131
alternative label	stem_soluble_sugars_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sugar [APD:glossary/40106] in a stem [PO:0009047] to stem dry mass, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] that are soluble in [PATO:0001537] water [CHEBI:15377], including both monosaccharides [CHEBI:35381] and disaccharides [CHEBI:36233]. The ratio of the mass of sugar in a stem to stem dry mass, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates that are soluble in water, including both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate monosaccharide disaccharide sugar
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	sugar content
examples	exact match: Stem sugar content per stem dry mass [TOP914] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002131

Bark cellulose content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002224
alternative label	bark_cellulose_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of cellulose [CHEBI:62967] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of cellulose in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	amorphous cellulose
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark cellulose content per bark dry mass [TOP813] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002224

Bark lignin content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002250
alternative label	bark_lignin_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of lignin [CHEBI:6457] in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of lignin in bark to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	phenolic compound content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	lignin
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark lignin content per bark dry mass [TOP838] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002250

Bark tannin content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002255
alternative label	bark_tannin_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of tannins [CHEBI:26848] (polyphenols [CHEBI:26195]) in bark [PO:0004518] to bark dry mass. The ratio of the mass of tannins (polyphenols) in bark to bark dry mass.
comments	Tannins are a specific class of polyphenolic compounds found in plants.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	1e-05
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	phenolic compound content trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	tannin polyphenol
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Salminen & Karonen 2011
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002255

Root soluble starch content per unit root dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002327
alternative label	root_soluble_starch_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] soluble [PATO:0001537] starch [CHEBI:28017] in roots [PO:0009005] to root dry mass. The ratio of the mass of water soluble starch in roots to root dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	starch carbohydrate
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root starch content per dry mass [TRY:3147] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002327

Root soluble sugar content per unit root dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002331
alternative label	root_soluble_sugars_per_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of sugar [APD:glossary/40106] in roots [PO:0009005] to root dry mass, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] that are soluble in [PATO:0001537] water [CHEBI:15377], including both monosaccharides [CHEBI:35381] and disaccharides [CHEBI:36233]. The ratio of the mass of sugar in roots to root dry mass, where ‘sugar’ refers to an informal grouping of carbohydrates that are soluble in water, including both monosaccharides and disaccharides.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	carbohydrate content trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbohydrate monosaccharide disaccharide sugar
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root sugar content per root dry mass trait [TOP921] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Root sugar content per root dry mass [TRY:662] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002331

Seed protein content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002534
alternative label	seed_protein_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of protein [CHEBI:36080] in a seed [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass [TO:0000181]. The ratio of the mass of protein in a seed to seed dry mass.
comments	It is best practice for the denominator to be seed dry mass. If data are reported on a per seed fresh mass basis, this should be explicitly noted in the methods or as a method context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-05
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	protein content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	protein seed weight, seed mass
scope note
has exact match	seed protein content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed protein content per seed mass [TRY:97] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_protein_content
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002534

Seed oil content per unit seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002544
alternative label	seed_oil_per_seed_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of lipids [CHEBI:18059] in a seed [PO:0009010] to seed dry mass [TO:0000181]. The ratio of the mass of lipids in a seed to seed dry mass.
comments	It is best practice for the denominator to be seed dry mass. If data are reported on a per seed fresh mass basis, this should be explicitly noted in the methods or as a method context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	lipid content trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	lipid seed weight, seed mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed lipid content per seed dry mass [TOP880] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed oil content per seed mass [TRY:96] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seed_oil_content
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002544

Leaf ash content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002822
alternative label	leaf_ash_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of leaf [PO:0025034] ash [ENVO:02000090] remaining after a combustion process [ENVO:01000839] to the leaf dry mass before the combustion process. The ratio of the mass of leaf ash remaining after a combustion process to the leaf dry mass before the combustion process.
comments	Includes measurements on leaf analogs, including cladodes and phylloclades.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	live leaf mineral and ion content trait fire response trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	ash combustion process fire
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf ash content per leaf dry mass [TRY:333] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	leaf_ash_content_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002822

Bark ash content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0002824
alternative label	bark_ash_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of bark [PO:0004518] ash [ENVO:02000090] remaining after a combustion process [ENVO:01000839] to the bark dry mass before the combustion process. The ratio of the mass of bark ash remaining after a combustion process to the bark dry mass before the combustion process.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mineral and ion content trait fire response trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	ash combustion process fire
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	bark_ash_content_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0002824

Bark stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003011
alternative label	bark_delta13C
description	Carbon stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001142], d13C [ECSO:00000669], of bark [PO:0004518]. Carbon stable isotope ratio, d13C, of bark.
comments	delta13C is calculated as the ratio of, 13C/12C in a sample to 13C/12C in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A more negative value for delta13C indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 13C/12C relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon stable isotope ratio d13C carbon-13 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13C) [TRY:829] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Integrated water-use efficiency [BROT:16] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003011

Leaf stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003012
alternative label	leaf_delta13C
description	Carbon stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001142], d13C [ECSO:00000669], of leaves [PO:0025034]. Carbon stable isotope ratio, d13C, of leaves.
comments	delta13C is calculated as the ratio of, 13C/12C in a sample to 13C/12C in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A more negative value for delta13C indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 13C/12C relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon stable isotope ratio d13C carbon-13 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match	Delta C13
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf carbon isotope signature (delta 13C) [TRY:89] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Integrated water-use efficiency [BROT:16] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003012

Stem stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003013
alternative label	stem_delta13C
description	Carbon stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001142], d13C [ECSO:00000669], of stems [PO:0009047]. Carbon stable isotope ratio, d13C, of stems.
comments	delta13C is calculated as the ratio of, 13C/12C in a sample to 13C/12C in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A more negative value for delta13C indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 13C/12C relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon stable isotope ratio d13C carbon-13 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem carbon isotope ratio (delta 13C) [TRY:4049] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Integrated water-use efficiency [BROT:16] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003013

Root stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003014
alternative label	root_delta13C
description	Carbon stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001142], d13C [ECSO:00000669], of roots [PO:0009005]. Carbon stable isotope ratio, d13C, of roots.
comments	delta13C is calculated as the ratio of, 13C/12C in a sample to 13C/12C in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A more negative value for delta13C indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 13C/12C relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon stable isotope ratio d13C carbon-13 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root carbon isotope signature (delta 13C) [TRY:90] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Integrated water-use efficiency [BROT:16] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003014

Wood stable carbon isotope composition (delta13C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003015
alternative label	wood_delta13C
description	Carbon stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001142], d13C [ECSO:00000669], of wood [NCIT:C93062]. Carbon stable isotope ratio, d13C, of wood.
comments	delta13C is calculated as the ratio of, 13C/12C in a sample to 13C/12C in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A more negative value for delta13C indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 13C/12C relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon stable isotope ratio d13C wood carbon-13 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match	Wood Carbon content
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood carbon (C) isotope signature (delta 13C) [TRY:1213] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Integrated water-use efficiency [BROT:16] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003015

Bark stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003031
alternative label	bark_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of bark [PO:0004518]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of bark.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N nitrogen-15 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15N) [TRY:832] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003031

Leaf stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003032
alternative label	leaf_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of leaves [PO:0025034]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of leaves.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N nitrogen-15 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match	Delta 15N
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15N) [TRY:78] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003032

Stem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003033
alternative label	stem_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of stems [PO:0009047]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of stems.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N nitrogen-15 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15N) [TRY:81] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003033

Root stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003034
alternative label	root_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of roots [PO:0009005]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of roots.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N nitrogen-15 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15N) [TRY:81] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003034

Wood stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003035
alternative label	wood_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of wood [NCIT:C93062]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of wood.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure plant structure	stem wood, secondary xylem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N wood nitrogen-15 atom isotope
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood nitrogen (N) isotope signature (delta 15N) [TRY:1230] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003035

Leaf xylem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003052
alternative label	leaf_xylem_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of xylem sap [PO:0025539] from leaf [PO:0025034] xylem vessels [PO:0025417]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of xylem sap from leaf xylem vessels.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N xylem vessel nitrogen-15 atom isotope xylem sap
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003052

Root xylem stable nitrogen isotope composition (delta15N)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003053
alternative label	root_xylem_delta15N
description	Nitrogen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001737], d15N [ECSO:00001738], of xylem sap [PO:0025539] from root [PO:0009005] xylem vessels [PO:0025417]. Nitrogen stable isotope ratio, d15N, of xylem sap from root xylem vessels.
comments	delta15N is calculated as the ratio of, 15N/14N in a sample to 15N/14N in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta15N indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 15N/14N relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-25
maxAllowedValue	75
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable nitrogen isotope ratio d15N xylem vessel nitrogen-15 atom isotope xylem sap
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003053

Leaf stable oxygen isotope composition (delta18O)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003072
alternative label	leaf_delta18O
description	Oxygen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001740], d18O [ECSO:00001677], of leaves [PO:0025034]. Oxygen stable isotope ratio, d18O, of leaves.
comments	delta18O is calculated as the ratio of, 18O/16O in a sample to 18O/16O in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta18O indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 18O/16O relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable oxygen isotope ratio d18O oxygen-18 atom
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf oxygen (O) isotope signature (delta 18O) [TRY:3358] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003072

Stem water stable oxygen isotope composition (delta18O)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0003092
alternative label	stem_water_delta18O
description	Oxygen stable isotope ratio [ECSO:00001740], d18O [ECSO:00001677], of water [CHEBI:15377] in stems [PO:0009047]. Oxygen stable isotope ratio, d18O, of water in stems.
comments	delta18O is calculated as the ratio of, 18O/16O in a sample to 18O/16O in a standard, minus 1. The result is expressed in parts per thousand, commonly referred to as per mille. A lower value for delta18O indicates the sample has a lower ratio of 18O/16O relative to the standard.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{delta}[ppth] parts per thousand
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	stable isotope ratio determination
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	stable oxygen isotope ratio d18O water oxygen-18 atom d18O in water
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0003092

Plant canopy width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010021
alternative label	plant_width
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] width [PATO:0000600] dimension of a plant canopy [ENVO:01001242] for a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a given population [PCO:0000001] or location [NCIT:C25341]. This is a plant’s larger [NCIT:C49508] width dimension and is orthogonal to its height and breadth. Maximum width dimension of a plant’s vegetative canopy for a taxon in a given location; this is the larger width dimension and is orthogonal to its height and breadth.
comments	This trait is not meant to document the width of all individuals sampled, but instead the maximum width for a typical mature individual within a population or across a taxon.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	canopy vegetation
scope note
has exact match	plant width
has close match	Crown size
has related match
examples	exact match: Crown (canopy) width [TRY:325] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010021

Plant canopy breadth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010022
alternative label	plant_breadth
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the smaller [NCIT:C25376] width [PATO:0000600] dimension of a plant canopy [ENVO:01001242]. Shortest width dimension of a plant’s vegetative canopy; orthogonal to its height and width.
comments	This trait is not meant to document the breadth of all individuals sampled, but instead the maximum breadth for a typical mature individual within a population or across a taxon.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	canopy vegetation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010022

Plant vegetative height

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010023
alternative label	plant_height
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] vertical [PATO:0001854] height [PATO:0000119] of the vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607] for a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a given population [PCO:0000001] or location [NCIT:C25341]. Maximum vertical height of the vegetative shoot system for a taxon in a given location.
comments	This trait is not meant to document the height of all individuals sampled, but instead the maximum height for a typical mature individual within a population or across a taxon. The trait should only be scored for self-supporting plants, not climbers whose height is dependent on the surrounding vegetation. The documented height should be the maximum height achieved by vegetative shoots, not the height reached by reproductive shoots, as it represents the plant’s access to light.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	130
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem
measured characteristic	height size
keyword	canopy vegetation vegetative shoot system
scope note	self-supporting plants
has exact match	Tree height Tree height plant height
has close match	plant height
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant height vegetative [TOP69] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Plant height vegetative [TRY:3106] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Plant_height_max [GIFT:1.6.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: maximum whole plant height [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: whole plant height [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) related match: minimum whole plant height [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Average height [BROT:10] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) exact match: MaxStemHeight_m [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Falster 2003a
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010023

Stem diameter at breast height

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010024
alternative label	plant_diameter_breast_height
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] diameter at breast height [ECSO:00000549] for a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a given population [PCO:0000001] or location [NCIT:C25341]. Maximum diameter at breast height (DBH) for a taxon in a given location. It is commonly referred to as ‘DBH’.
comments	This trait is always meant to be measured at ‘breast height’, 1.4 m above the ground surface. However, for short plants this will not always be the case, so it is advised to read the methods to confirm at what height plant diameters have been recorded. This trait is not meant to document the DBH of all individuals sampled, but instead the maximum DBH for a typical mature individual within a population or across a taxon.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	5000
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	stem whole plant
measured characteristic	diameter size
keyword	tree diameter at breast height vegetation
scope note
has exact match	Stem diameter tree breast height diameter
has close match	Stem diameter stem diameter
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem diameter [TRY:21] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: DBH_max [GIFT:1.8.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: diameter at breast height (1.3 m) [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: MaxStemDia_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	basal_diameter
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010024

Stem count

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010025
alternative label	stem_count
description	A shoot system morphology trait [TO:0000077] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of stems [PO:0009047] on multi-stemmed plants [PO:0000003]. Count of stems on multi-stemmed plants.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	5
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	branchiness
scope note
has exact match	stem number
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Plant biomass and allometry: Shoots per plant [TRY:1034] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stem_count_categorical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010025

Height of a climbing plant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010026
alternative label	plant_height_climbing_plant
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] vertical [PATO:0001854] height [PATO:0000119] of the vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607] of a climbing plant that is not self-supporting and therefore has a height that depends on the surrounding vegetation. Maximum vertical height of the vegetative shoot system of a non-self-supporting taxon (i.e. a vine, liana, or other climbing plant) in a given location.
comments	While this trait is intended to indicate the height of climbing plants, the height of an epiphyte relative to the soil surface could also be documented here. All heights reported for this trait will be dependent on the height of the surrounding vegetation.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	height size
keyword	canopy vegetation vegetative shoot system
scope note	applicable to plants that are not self-supporting
has exact match
has close match
has related match	plant height
examples	related match: Plant height [TRY:18] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Average height [BROT:10] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010026

Plant reproductive height

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010027
alternative label	plant_height_reproductive
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] vertical [PATO:0001854] height [PATO:0000119] of the reproductive shoot system [PO_0025082]. Maximum vertical height of the reproductive shoot system for a taxon in a given location.
comments	This trait can be scored for any species, but is intended as an alternative to plant_height (maximum vegetative height) for species that do not have vegetative stems, but instead only leaves and reproductive stems that extend past the soil surface.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	whole plant morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	height size
keyword	vegetation reproductive shoot system
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Plant height [TRY:18] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010027

Stem length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010028
alternative label	stem_length
description	A shoot system morphology trait [TO:0000077] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] length [PATO_0000122] of a plant’s stems [PO_0009047]. Maximum length or extent of a plant’s stems.
comments	This trait can be scored for any species, but is intended as an alternative to plant_height (maximum vegetative height) for species that are prostrate, crawling, creeping or similar.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m metre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	stem whole plant
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	vegetation vegetative shoot system
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem length [TRY:326] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010028

Plant spinescence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010070
alternative label	plant_spinescence
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which summarises the extent of physical structures a plant uses for defence [NCIT:C61556], including the size [PATO:0000117], strength [PATO:0001230], and density [PATO:0001019] of spine leaves [PO:0025173], spine stipules [PO:0025174], thorns [PO:0025172], and/or prickles [PO:0025169] and the pain [HP:0012531] inflicted by these structures. Degree to which a plant is defended by spines, thorns and/or prickles, as defined by P<U+00C3><U+00A9>rez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013.
comments	The values for this trait are exactly those defined by P<U+00C3><U+00A9>rez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013 (doi:10.1071/BT12225). See the trait plant_physical_defence for individual plant structures a plant uses for physical defence.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_spinescence_no_spines No spines. (level 0) plant_spinescence_low_density_soft_spines Low or very local density of soft spines <5mm long; plant may sting or prickle when hit carelessly but not impart strong pain. (level 1) plant_spinescence_high_density_soft_spines High density of soft spines, intermediate density of spines of intermediate hardness, or low density of hard, sharp spines >5mm long; plant causes actual pain when hit carelessly. (level 2) plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_5mm Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >5mm long; plant causes strong pain when hit carelessly. (level 3) plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_20mm Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >20mm long; plant may cause significant wounds when hit carelessly. (level 4) plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_100mm Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >100mm long; plant is dangerous to careless large mammals, including humans. (level 5)
has broader	leaf shape trait whole plant phenotype trait plant structure morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	leaf stem whole plant
measured characteristic	structure surface feature shape
keyword	spine leaf spine stipule thorn prickle defense pain spiny
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf emergences (pubescence, pruinescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:677] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Spinescence [BROT:21] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Armature [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010070

Embryo colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010110
alternative label	embryo_colour
description	A plant embryo cotyledon morphology trait [TO:0000775] which is the colour [PATO:0000014] of the plant embryo cotyledon [PO:0025470]. Binary variable distinguishing between embryos that are green versus colourless.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	embryo_colour_colourless Colourless embryo. embryo_colour_green Green embryo.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	plant embryo cotyledon plant embryo
scope note
has exact match	plant embryo cotyledon color
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010110

Cotyledon function

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010111
alternative label	cotyledon_function
description	A plant embryo morphology trait [TO:0000064] which indicates if the cotyledons [PO:0020030] have a photosynthesis [GO:0015979] or energy [PATO:0001021] storage [OBI:0302893] function [NCIT:C25518]. Binary variable distinguishing between cotyledons that function as leaves and can photosynthesise versus ones that function as energy reserve organs.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	cotyledon_function_foliaceous Cotyledons are photosynthetic and function as leaves. cotyledon_function_reserve Cotyledons function as energy reserve organs.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality function
keyword	cotyledon photosynthesis energy storage plant embryo seedling plant embryo cotyledon storage organ
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010111

Cotyledon position at germination

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010112
alternative label	cotyledon_position
description	A plant embryo morphology trait [TO:0000064] which indicates if the cotyledons [PO:0020030] emerge from the seed coat [PO:0009088] at germination [GO:0009845]. Binary variable distinguishing between seedlings where the cotyledon remains within the seed coat versus emerges from the seed coat at germination.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	cotyledon_position_cryptocotylar A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain within the seed coat at germination. cotyledon_position_phanerocotylar A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality structure position
keyword	cotyledon seed coat seed germination plant embryo seedling plant embryo cotyledon
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010112

Cotyledon hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010113
alternative label	cotyledon_hairs
description	A plant embryo cotyledon morphology trait [TO:0000775] which is the pilosity [PATO:0000066] of the cotyledons [PO:0020030]. Binary variable distinguishing between glabrous versus hairy cotyledons.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	cotyledon_hairs_glabrous Cotyledons lack hairs. cotyledon_hairs_hairy Cotyledons have hairs.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	cotyledon plant embryo hairy seedling plant embryo cotyledon trichome
scope note
has exact match	cotyledon pilosity
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010113

Hypocotyl hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010114
alternative label	seedling_hypocotyl_hairs
description	A seedling hypocotyl morphology trait [TO:0000769] which is the pilosity [PATO:0000066] of the hypocotyl [PO:0020100]. Binary variable distinguishing between glabrous versus hairy hypocotyls, where the hypocotyl is the embryonic axis to which the cotyledons are attached.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_glabrous Hypocotyl lacks hairs. seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_hairy Hypocotyl has hairs.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	seedling hypocotyl morphology trait hypocotyl plant embryo hairy seedling trichome
scope note
has exact match	hypocotyl pilosity
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	hypocotyl_type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010114

Seedling first true leaf type

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010160
alternative label	seedling_first_node_leaf_type
description	A plant embryo true leaf formation stage [PO:0001095] morphology trait which is whether the leaf [PO:0025034] at the first stem node [PO:0020141] above the epicotyl [PO:0020035] in a true leaf or a scale leaf. Binary variable distinguishing between seedlings where the first leaf is scale-like (cataphyll) versus leaf-like.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedling_first_node_leaf_type_scale-like The leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl is scale-like, also referred to as a cataphyll. seedling_first_node_leaf_type_leaf-like The leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl is leaf-like (broad).
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality structure
keyword	plant embryo true leaf formation stage stem node epicotyl seedling
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seedling_first_leaf
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010160

Seedling first node leaf count

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010161
alternative label	seedling_first_node_leaf_count
description	A plant embryo true leaf formation stage [PO:0001095] morphology trait which is the leaf count [NCIT:C25463] at the first stem node [PO:0020141] above the epicotyl [PO:0020035]. Binary variable distinguishing between seedlings where the leaves at the first node are single versus paired.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedling_first_node_leaf_count_single There is a single leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl. seedling_first_node_leaf_count_paired There is a pair of leaves at the first stem node above the epicotyl.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	plant embryo true leaf formation stage stem node epicotyl seedling
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	seedling_first_node
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010161

Seedling germination location

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0010162
alternative label	seedling_germination_location
description	A plant embryo cotyledon morphology trait [TO:0000775] which is the position [PATO:0000140] of seed germination [GO:0009845] relative to the soil surface. Binary variable distinguishing between seedlings that germinate above versus below ground.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedling_germination_location_epigeal Germinant with one or more cotyledons emerging aboveground. seedling_germination_location_hypogeal Germinant with all cotyledons remaining belowground.
has broader	plant embryo morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality position
keyword	seed germination plant embryo seedling
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0010162

Leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011211
alternative label	leaf_area
description	A leaf area trait [TO:0000540] which is the 2-D [PATO:0001709] area [PATO:0001323] of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] and petiole [PO:0020038]. For some species the area of a leaf analogue is reported, possibly a leaflet [PO:0020049], cladode [PO:0025354], or phyllode [PO:0025335]. The 2-dimensional projected (scanned) area of the surface of a leaf or a leaf analogue (leaflet, cladode, phyllode).
comments	This trait includes measurements of leaves and leaf analogues, including leaflets, cladodes, and phyllodes. When a measurement is made on a leaf analogue, the tissue measured should be documented as part of the methods or noted as a context or under measurement_remarks. Leaflet area can alternatively be mapped to the trait leaflet_area. It is most common for leaf area measurements to include the petiole; the measurement methods should indicate if the petiole is included in or excluded from the leaf area measurements. For terete leaves, leaf area should still be recorded as the 2-dimensional projected area.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2 square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1e+07
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	area 2-D extent size
keyword	leaf lamina petiole leaflet cladode phyllode
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf area trait Leaf area
has close match
has related match	leaf size
examples	exact match: Leaf area [TOP25] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf area (in case of compound leaves: leaf, undefined if petiole in- or excluded) [TRY:3112] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf size SLA, leaf mass & LDMC [LEDA:2.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Leaf size [GIFT:4.4] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Average leaf area [BROT:6] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011211

Leaflet area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011212
alternative label	leaflet_area
description	A leaf area trait [TO:0000540] which is the 2-D [PATO:0001709] area [PATO:0001323] of a single leaflet [PO:0020049] lamina [PO:0025060]. This measurement will not include the petiole [PO:0020038]. The 2-dimensional projected (scanned) area of the surface of the lamina of a single leaflet.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2 square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	area 2-D extent size
keyword	leaflet leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match	leaflet area
has close match
has related match	leaf size
examples	close match: leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: Average leaf area [BROT:6] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011212

Leaf length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011213
alternative label	leaf_length
description	Length [PATO:0000122] of the leaf [PO:0025034] (including the petiole [PO:0020038]), from the leaf apex [PO:0020137] to the leaf axil [PO:0009023] (leaf base [PO:0020040]). Length of a leaf or a leaf analogue, from the leaf apex to the leaf axil (base), including the petiole.
comments	If a leaf analogue (leaflet, cladode, or phyllode) is measured instead of a true leaf, this should be noted as a context or under measurement_remarks.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	petiole leaf apex leaf base leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf length
has close match
has related match	leaf size
examples	exact match: Leaf length [TOP13] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf length [TRY:144] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf length [GIFT:4.6] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: maximum leaf length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: minimum leaf length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: Max_Blade_Length_m [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) close match: Max_Rachis_Length_m [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) close match: Max_Petiole_length_m [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011213

Leaf width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011214
alternative label	leaf_width
description	The maximum [NCIT:C25564] width [PATO:0000921] axis of a leaf [PO:0025034] measured perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] the leaf length [PATO:0000122]. Maximum width axis of a leaf or a leaf analogue (a leaflet, cladode, or phyllode), measured perpendicular to the leaf length.
comments	This trait refers to the single line marking the maximum width of the leaf lamina. For a compound leaf the correct measure is the maximum width of the total leaf blade. It is the width measure that will be reported in taxonomic treatments. It is not the effective_leaf_width, a trait that records the diameter of the largest circle that can be drawn within the leaf lamina. If a leaf analogue (leaflet, cladode, or phyllode) is measured instead of a true leaf, this should be noted as a context or under measurement_remarks.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf width
has close match
has related match	leaf size
examples	exact match: Leaf width [TOP17] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf width [TRY:145] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf width [GIFT:4.7] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: maximum leaf width [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: minimum leaf width [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011214

Leaf thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011215
alternative label	leaf_thickness
description	The thickness [PATO:0000915] of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039], measured away from the midrib [PO:0020139]. Thickness of the leaf lamina, generally measured away from the midrib.
comments	Leaf thickness measurements submitted from the ecological literature will generally avoid the midrib, but not avoid lower order leaf veins. In contrast, leaf thickness measurements from the taxonomic literature will usually include any veins or midribs, because in this literature leaf thickness is generally measured on succulent plants. The methods field should document whether the midrib was explicitly included, excluded, or ignored.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	51
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness size
keyword	leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf thickness
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf thickness [TOP20] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf thickness [TRY:46] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf thickness [GIFT:4.8] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: leaf thickness [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011215

Leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011216
alternative label	leaf_dry_mass
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of a leaf [PO:0025034] or leaf analogue (a leaflet [PO:0020049], cladode [PO:0025354], or phyllode [PO:0025335]). The oven dry mass of a leaf or leaf analogue (leaflet, cladode, phyllode).
comments	This trait includes measurements of leaves and leaf analogues, including leaflets, cladodes, and phyllodes. When a measurement is made on a leaf analogue, the tissue measured should be documented as part of the methods or noted as a context or under measurement_remarks. Leaflet dry mass can alternatively be mapped to the trait leaflet_dry_mass. It is most common for leaf dry mass measurements to include the petiole; the measurement methods should indicate if the petiole is included in or excluded from the leaf dry mass measurements.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	15000
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass leaflet cladode phyllode
scope note
has exact match	leaf dry weight, leaf dry mass Leaf dry mass
has close match
has related match	leaf size
examples	exact match: Leaf dry mass [TOP40] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf dry mass (single leaf) [TRY:55] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf size SLA, leaf mass & LDMC [LEDA:2.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011216

Leaflet dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011217
alternative label	leaflet_dry_mass
description	A leaf dry mass trait [TO:0001014] which is the dry mass of a single leaflet [PO:0020049]. This measurement will not include the petiole [PO:0020038]. The oven dry mass of a single leaflet.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	0.005
maxAllowedValue	15000
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	leaflet leaf weight, leaf mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match	leaflet weight
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011217

Leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011218
alternative label	leaf_fresh_mass
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the mass [PATO:0000125] of a fresh [EnvThes:21976] leaf [PO:0025034], indicating its mass at the time it is picked. For some species the mass of a leaf analogue is reported, possibly a leaflet [PO:0020049], cladode [PO:0025354], or phyllode [PO:0025335]. The fresh mass of a leaf or leaf analogue (leaflet, cladode, phyllode).
comments	This trait includes measurements of leaves and leaf analogues, including leaflets, cladodes, and phyllodes. When a measurement is made on a leaf analogue, the tissue measured should be documented as part of the methods or noted as a context or under measurement_remarks. It is most common for leaf fresh mass measurements to include the petiole; the measurement methods should indicate if the petiole is included in or excluded from the leaf fresh mass measurements. A source of variation for this trait will be how leaves are stored and if they are partially rehydrated before weighing; these details should be documented in the methods.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	30000
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass leaflet cladode phyllode
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match	leaf wet weight
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf fresh mass [TOP35] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf fresh mass [TRY:163] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf fresh mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011218

Petiole length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011219
alternative label	petiole_length
description	Length [PATO:0000122] of the petiole [PO:0020038]), from the leaf base [PO:0020040] to the leaf axil [PO:0009023]. Length of the petiole from the leaf base to the leaf axil.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	petiole
scope note
has exact match	petiole length Petiole length
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011219

Petiole width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011220
alternative label	petiole_width
description	Width [PATO:0000921] of the petiole [PO:0020038]. Width of the petiole.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	petiole
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011220

Number of leaflets per leaf

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011221
alternative label	leaflet_count
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of leaflets [PO:0020049] in a compound leaf [PO:0020043]. The count of leaflets that comprise a single leaf .
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf leaflet
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	leaflet compound leaf morphology trait compound leaf
scope note
has exact match	leaflet number
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaflet number per leaf [TRY:759] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011221

Leaflet length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011222
alternative label	leaflet_length
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is length [PATO:0000122] of a leaflet [PO:0020049], from the leaflet apex [PO:0020137] to where the leaflet attaches to the leaf [PO:0025034] rachis [PO:020055]. The length of a single leaflet comprising a botanical leaf.
comments	This trait is intended to only apply to compound leaves, those with multiple leaflets per botanical leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf leaflet
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	leaflet compound leaf morphology trait compound leaf
scope note	applicable to plants with compound leaves.
has exact match	leaflet length
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaflet_length [TOP14] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaflet length [TRY:985] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011222

Leaflet width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011223
alternative label	leaflet_width
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] width [PATO:0000921] axis of a single leaflet [PO:0020049] measured perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] the leaflet length [PATO:0000122]. Maximum width axis of a single leaflet, measured perpendicular to the leaflet length.
comments	This trait is intended to only apply to compound leaves, those with multiple leaflets per botanical leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf leaflet
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	leaflet compound leaf morphology trait compound leaf
scope note	applicable to plants with compound leaves.
has exact match	leaflet width
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaflet_width [TOP18] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaflet width [TRY:986] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011223

Leaf mass per area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011230
alternative label	leaf_mass_per_area
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the leaf dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to the leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323], measured on an entire leaf, including the entire leaf lamina [PO:0020039] and the petiole [PO:0020038]. The ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf area, measured on an entire leaf including the petiole; LMA. (The inverse of specific leaf area, SLA.)
comments	Leaf mass per area includes measurements submitted as specific_leaf_area (SLA); they are simply inverted. Leaf mass per area is explicitly measured on an entire leaf, including the petiole. Measurements made on a piece of the leaf lamina, excluding petiole and midrib, are a separate trait leaf_lamina_mass_per_area. If measurements are made on the entire leaf lamina, but the petiole is excluded, this should be noted in the methods or under measurement_remarks.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	3000
has broader	leaf size trait leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	area ratio; proportion mass per unit area area density
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation leaf lamina petiole
scope note
has exact match	specific leaf area Leaf mass per leaf area
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf mass per area [TOP53] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Specific leaf area [TOP50] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA): undefined if petiole is in- or exclu [TRY:3117] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA): petiole included [TRY:3116] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf size SLA, leaf mass & LDMC [LEDA:2.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Specific Leaf Area (SLA) [GIFT:4.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: leaf area per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Average specific leaf area [BROT:8] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Wright 2004
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	specific_leaf_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011230

Leaf lamina mass per area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011231
alternative label	leaf_lamina_mass_per_area
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the leaf dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323], measured on a piece of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] located away from major leaf lamina veins [PO:0020138]. The ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf area, measured on a piece of the leaf lamina that does not include the petiole or major veins.
comments	This trait only includes data made on subsamples of a leaf, usually a leaf punch sample associated with leaf strength measurements or from the herbivory literature. For whole-leaf LMA/SLA data, see the trait leaf_mass_per_area
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	leaf size trait leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	area ratio; proportion mass per unit area area density
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match	specific leaf area
examples	related match: Leaf mass per area [TOP53] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) related match: Specific leaf area [TOP50] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA): petiole excluded [TRY:3115] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA) petiole, rhachis and midrib excluded [TRY:3086] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA): undefined if petiole is in- or exclu [TRY:3117] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Leaf area per leaf dry mass (specific leaf area, SLA or 1/LMA): petiole included [TRY:3116] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Leaf size SLA, leaf mass & LDMC [LEDA:2.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011231

Leaf tissue density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011232
alternative label	leaf_density
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf [PO:0025034] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to leaf fresh [EnvThes:21976] volume [PATO:0000918]. The ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf fresh volume.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mm3 milligram per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	1.1
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass density, density mass ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match	leaf mass density
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf density [TOP56] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf density (leaf tissue density, leaf dry mass per leaf volume) [TRY:48] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011232

Leaf area ratio (LAR)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011260
alternative label	leaf_area_ratio
description	A leaf area trait [TO:0000540] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of a plant’s [PO:0000003] total [NCIT:C25304] leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323] to total plant dry mass [TO_0000352]. The ratio of total plant leaf area to total plant dry mass; LAR.
comments	Since the total plant dry mass is required for leaf area ratio measurements, this is standardly measured only on young plants or plants grown for experiments where the entire plant can be harvested. It is best practice for leaf area measurements to include the petiole.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mg square millimetre per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	leaf size trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf whole plant
measured characteristic	area size ratio; proportion
keyword	whole plant dry mass biomass allocation
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf area ratio
has close match	Leaf area
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf area ratio [TOP88] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf area per plant dry mass (leaf area ratio, LAR) [TRY:109] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Poorter & Remkes 1990
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011260

Leaf mass fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011261
alternative label	leaf_mass_fraction
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of a plant’s total leaf dry mass [APD:glossary/40080] to total plant dry mass [TO:0000352]. The ratio of leaf dry mass to total plant dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation whole plant dry mass whole plant stem dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf mass ratio [TOP85] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Plant biomass and allometry: Leaf dry mass per plant dry mass (leaf weight ratio, LWR) [TRY:110] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011261

Leaf dry matter content (LDMC)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011262
alternative label	leaf_dry_matter_content
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf dry mass [TO:0001014] to leaf [PO:0025034] fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of leaf dry mass to leaf fresh mass; LDMC.
comments	Two similar traits are leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass, the ratio of leaf water content to leaf dry mass and leaf_water_content_per_fresh_mass, the ratio of leaf water content to leaf fresh mass.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	2
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation fresh mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf dry matter content [TOP45] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass (leaf dry matter content, LDMC) [TRY:47] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) [GIFT:4.9] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: leaf dry mass per leaf fresh mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Leaf dry matter content [BROT:14] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011262

Leaf fresh mass per leaf area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011263
alternative label	leaf_fresh_mass_per_area
description	A leaf area trait [TO:0000540] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the leaf [PO:0025034] fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. to the leaf area [PATO:0001323], measured on an entire leaf, including the entire leaf lamina [PO:0020039] and the petiole [PO:0020038]. The ratio of leaf fresh mass to leaf area, measured on an entire leaf including the petiole.
comments	Leaf fresh mass per area is explicitly measured on an entire leaf, including the petiole.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	200
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	leaf size trait leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass biomass allocation fresh mass leaf lamina petiole
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf area per leaf fresh mass (specific leaf area (SLA or 1/LMA) based on leaf fresh mass) [TRY:125] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011263

Leaf water content per unit leaf area (leaf succulence)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011264
alternative label	leaf_water_content_per_area
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a fresh [EnvThes:21976] leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the mass of water in a fresh leaf (leaf water content) to leaf surface area; leaf succulence.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/m2 gram per square metre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	5000
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass water leaf water content
scope note
has exact match
has close match	tissue succulence
has related match	leaf moisture content
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011264

Leaf water content per unit leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011265
alternative label	leaf_water_content_per_dry_mass
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a fresh [EnvThes:21976] leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of the mass of water in a fresh leaf (leaf water content) to leaf dry mass.
comments	A similar trait that is recorded by a greater number of studies is leaf_dry_matter_content, the ratio of a leaf dry mass to leaf fresh mass.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass water leaf water content
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf moisture content
examples	exact match: Leaf water content per leaf dry mass (not saturated) [TRY:3120] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011265

Leaf water content per unit leaf fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011266
alternative label	leaf_water_content_per_fresh_mass
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a fresh [EnvThes:21976] leaf [PO:0025034] to leaf fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of the mass of water in a fresh leaf (leaf water content) to leaf fresh mass
comments	A similar trait that is recorded by a greater number of studies is leaf_dry_matter_content, the ratio of a leaf dry mass to leaf fresh mass.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass water leaf water content fresh mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf moisture content
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011266

Leaf water content per unit saturated leaf mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011267
alternative label	leaf_water_content_per_saturated_mass
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a saturated leaf [PO:0025034] to the mass of a saturated leaf. A saturated leaf is one that has been hydrated to its maximum [NCIT:C25564] water holding capacity [IOBC:200906064703668091], known as full turgor [PATO:0001620]. The ratio of the mass of water in a leaf (leaf water content) to the mass of a saturated leaf. A saturated leaf is one that has been hydrated to its maximal water holding capacity and is at full turgor.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass water leaf water content fresh mass water holding capacity turgor
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf moisture content
examples	close match: Leaf water content per leaf dry mass (at saturation) [TRY:3122] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011267

Leaf cell wall fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011268
alternative label	leaf_cell_wall_fraction
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of cell wall [GO:0009505] dry mass to leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The ratio of leaf cell wall dry mass to leaf dry mass. This is the fraction of cell wall material that can be recovered from total leaf biomass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf mass trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	leaf weight, leaf mass plant-type cell wall biomass allocation cell
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf cell wall mass per leaf dry mass [TRY:3375] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011268

Leaf type

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011310
alternative label	leaf_type
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is inclusive [NCIT:C166400] categories describing the shape [PATO:0000052] of a leaf [PO:0025034] as broad, needle-like, or scale-like. Variable distinguishing between general leaf form (shape) categories.
comments	Terms identifying the plant organ responsible for photosynthesis are mapped to the trait plant_photosynthetic_organ, while leaf_form_general only includes terms pertaining to the general form of the leaf. The trait leaf_shape provides detailed vocabulary to describe a leaf’s shape.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_type_broadleaf Flat leaf lamina, regardless of whether the leaves are or are not toothed, lobed, or compound. leaf_type_needle Needle or awl-shaped leaf that is generally 3-dimensional. leaf_type_scale Leaf reduced to a small scale. leaf_type_leafless An adult stage plant that lacks leaves throughout the year.
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape structure
keyword	leaf shape
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf form [TOP225] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) related match: Leaf type [TRY:43] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf_form_1 [GIFT:4.11.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Basic leaf shape [BROT:5] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Burrows 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011310

Leaf shape

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011311
alternative label	leaf_shape
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the shape [PATO:0000052] and form of a leaf [PO:0025034], considering the ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf length [PATO:0000122] to leaf width [PATO:0000921], the position [PATO:0000140] of the maximum [NCIT:C25564] width dimension relative to the length axis [NCIT:C25154], and the curvature [PATO:0001591] of the leaf margin [PO:0020128]. Shapes of a leaf or leaflet.
comments	This trait includes terms to describe the shape of leaves, regardless of if they are broad leaves, scale-like leaves, or needle-like leaves. For compound leaves, it is generally the shape of the leaflet that is recorded. See the trait leaf_type for broad terms referencing leaf form (broadleaf, needle, scale) and plant_photosynthetic_organ for terms indicating which plant organ or tissue functions as the plant’s primary photosynthetic organ (e.g. phyllode, cladode, article).
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_shape_linear A 2-dimensional shape that is very long and narrow, has parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. leaf_shape_narrowly_oblong A 2-dimensional shape that is long and narrow, has parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. (Synonyms, lorate) leaf_shape_oblong A 2-dimensional shape that is somewhat elongated with parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. leaf_shape_linear_elliptical A 2-dimensional shape that is a very narrow oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. leaf_shape_narrowly_elliptical A 2-dimensional shape that is a narrow oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. leaf_shape_elliptical A 2-dimensional shape that is an oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. (Synonyms, oval) leaf_shape_widely_elliptical A 2-dimensional shape that is a broad oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. leaf_shape_orbicular A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately circular. (Synonyms, circular) leaf_shape_oblate A 2-dimensional shape that is a broad oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio of approximately 5:6. The petiole attaches along the broader side. leaf_shape_narrowly_lanceolate A 2-dimensional shape that is very narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. leaf_shape_lanceolate A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. leaf_shape_narrowly_ovate A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 3:1 and 2:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. (Synonyms, lance_ovate, widely_lanceolate) leaf_shape_ovate A 2-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. leaf_shape_widely_ovate A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly egg-shaped with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. leaf_shape_narrowly_oblanceolate A 2-dimensional shape that is very narrowly teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. (Synonyms, linear_oblanceolate) leaf_shape_oblanceolate A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. leaf_shape_narrowly_obovate A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped with a length:width ratio between 3:1 and 2:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. (Synonyms, oblance-obovate) leaf_shape_obovate A 2-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped with a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. leaf_shape_widely_obovate A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly egg-shaped with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. leaf_shape_narrowly_triangular A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 6:1 to 3:1 and the petiole attaching near the widest portion of the leaf. (Synonyms, triangular) leaf_shape_triangular A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2 and the petiole attaching near the widest portion of the leaf. leaf_shape_deltate A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio of 1:1 and the petiole attaching along one of the broad sides. leaf_shape_obtriangular A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to fan-shaped or wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2 and the petiole attaching near the narrowest portion of the leaf. (Synonyms, flabelliform, fan-shaped, wedge-shaped, cuneate) leaf_shape_narrowly_rhomboidal A 2-dimensional shape that is like a narrow diamond, with approximately straight edges, widest near the middle, and a length:width ratio 6:1 to 3:1. The petiole attaches near one of the points. leaf_shape_rhomboidal A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately diamond or parallelogram-shaped, with approximately straight edges, widest near the middle, and a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2. The petiole attaches near one of the points. (Synonyms, rhombic, diamond) leaf_shape_trullate A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately parallelogram-shaped, widest near where the petiole attaches (base), and with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2. leaf_shape_narrowly_obtrullate A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio 3:1 to 6:1. leaf_shape_obtrullate A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2. leaf_shape_widely_obtrullate A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. leaf_shape_acicular A 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional shape with a needlelike tip, often round in cross-section, with margins straight and parallel, and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1. (Synonyms, needle-shaped) leaf_shape_terete A 3-dimensional shape that is a long, narrow cylinder approximately circular in cross-section. Terete leaves often taper toward the tip. (Synonym, cylindrical) leaf_shape_cordate A 2-dimensional heart shape, approximately ovate with a cordate base, with the petiole attaching at the notch between the lobes. (Synonyms, cordiform) leaf_shape_obcordate A 2-dimensional heart shape, approximately ovate with a cordate apex, and the petiole attaching along the broad, curve side. leaf_shape_falcate A 2-dimensional sickle-shape, approximately lanceolate to linear and curved on one side. (Synonyms, scimitar-shaped, sickle-shaped, falciform, crescent-shaped) leaf_shape_reniform A 2-dimensional shape that is roughly kidney-shaped, wider than long with a rounded apex and two rounded, basal lobes that are smoothly concave at their intersection. (Synonyms, kidney-shaped) leaf_shape_spathulate A 2-dimensional shape that can be approximately oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate in outline with a long attenuate base, like a spoon. (Synonyms, spoon-shaped, clavate) leaf_shape_strap-shaped A 2-dimensional shape that is strap-shaped with a rounded tip and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1. leaf_shape_ensiform A 2-dimensional shape that is sword-shaped with a pointed tip and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1. (Synonyms, sword-shaped) leaf_shape_subulate A 2-dimensional shape that is awl-shaped, approximately narrowly oblong to narrowly triangular with a broad base. (Synonyms, awl-shaped) leaf_shape_peltate A 2-dimensional orbicular shape, distinguished by the petiole attaching near the center of the leaf lamina. leaf_shape_filiform A 2-dimensional shape that is long, thin, and typically flexuous, threadlike, filamentous.
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape length curvature structure
keyword	leaf shape leaf margin
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf shape
has close match
has related match	leaflet shape
examples	close match: Leaf form [TOP225] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Leaf shape [TRY:154] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Systematics Association Committee for Descriptive Terminology 1962
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011311

Leaf base shape

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011312
alternative label	leaf_base_shape
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the variation in shapes and forms of a leaf base [PO:0020040], especially considering the curvature [PATO:0001591] of the leaf margin [PO:0020128] near where it attaches to the petiole [PO:0020038]. The shape of the basal margin of a leaf.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_base_shape_acute Two sides of the leaf meet at an angle that is less than 90<U+00B0>. leaf_base_shape_attenuate Basal leaf margin abruptly incurved (concave), the two sides intersecting at an angle of less than 45<U+00B0>. leaf_base_shape_auriculate Basal leaf margin with two rounded lobes. The leaf margin above the lobes is concave. The petiole attaches in the incised region between the lobes. leaf_base_shape_cordate Basal leaf margin with two rounded lobes and the petiole attaches in the incised region between the lobes. The leaf margin above the lobes is rounded. leaf_base_shape_cuneate Basal leaf margin approximately straight, the two sides intersecting at an angle between 45<U+00B0> to 90<U+00B0>. leaf_base_shape_hastate Basal leaf margin with two lobes oriented outward, such that they are at approximately 90<U+00B0> relative to the central axis and the leaf margin is fairly flat at the base. leaf_base_shape_oblique The leaf base is asymmetrical, with the midrib not lying in the middle of the leaf where it attaches to the petiole. leaf_base_shape_obtuse Two sides of the leaf meet at an angle that is greater than 90<U+00B0>. leaf_base_shape_rounded Basal leaf margin is rounded. leaf_base_shape_sagittate Basal leaf margin with two lobes oriented downward, away from apex. The petiole attaches in the concave region between the lobes. leaf_base_shape_sheathing The leaf base is broad and envelops the stem. leaf_base_shape_truncate The basal leaf margin is cut straight across with the two sides intersecting at approximately 180<U+00B0>.
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape curvature
keyword	leaf shape leaf base leaf margin petiole
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	Lamina shape
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011312

Leaf margin

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011313
alternative label	leaf_margin
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the edge shape [PATO:0002267] of the leaf margin [PO:0020128], in particular the presence or absence of leaf lamina teeth [PO:0025518] and the shape [PATO:0000052] of the leaf lamina teeth (serrate, dentate, or crenate). Shape of the leaf margin, referencing incisions or projections in the outermost 1/8 of the leaf lamina.
comments	Terms describing leaf lamina projections and incisions that are greater than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib are captured under the traits leaf_lobation and leaf_division_detailed.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_margin_entire Leaf margin lacks projections or indentations that extend less than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib. leaf_margin_toothed Leaf margin has small projections or lobes along the edge of the leaf lamina. This is a broad term that includes serrate, dentate, and crenulate. leaf_margin_toothed_serrate Type of toothed leaf margin with sharp teeth that are angled toward the tip of the leaf. (Synonyms, saw-toothed) leaf_margin_toothed_dentate Type of toothed leaf margin with sharp teeth that point outwards at right angles to the leaf margin. leaf_margin_toothed_crenate Type of toothed leaf margin with teeth that are rounded or obtuse, rather than having a sharp apex. [PO:0025519]
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape edge shape curvature
keyword	leaf shape leaf margin leaf lamina tooth
scope note	Plants with broad leaves.
has exact match	leaf margin morphology trait
has close match	leaf margin serrated
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf margin type [TRY:963] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf_margin_1 [GIFT:4.12.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Hickey 1973
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011313

Leaf margin posture

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011314
alternative label	leaf_margin_posture
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the degree of curvature [PATO:0001591] or curling [PATO:0000405] of the leaf margin [PO:0020128] along the side of the leaf, at the leaf apex [PO:0020137], and at the leaf base [PO:0020040]. The posture (curvature or curling) of the leaf margin.
comments	This trait captures the posture of the leaf margin, where posture refers to the placement of different parts of the leaf’s margin relative to a flat plane. This trait’s definition and allowable levels will be further refined once more data are available to map onto possible trait values.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_margin_posture_involute Leaf margins along the side of the leaf are rolled upward, such that the margin of the adaxial (upper) leaf surface is rolled inward. (Synonym, inrolled, incurved) leaf_margin_posture_revolute Leaf margins along the side of the leaf are rolled under or downward, such that the margin of the abaxial (lower) leaf surface is rolled inward. [PATO:0001963] (Synonym, recurved) leaf_margin_posture_flat Leaf lamina, including margins, is a 2-dimensional plane. [PATO:0000407] leaf_margin_posture_undulate Leaf margins are wavy in their 2-dimensional plane. (Synonyms, wavy, rippled, sinuate)
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape curvature
keyword	leaf shape curled leaf margin leaf apex leaf base
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011314

Leaf lobation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011315
alternative label	leaf_lobation
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the presence or absence of leaf lamina lobes [PO:0025517] along the leaf margin [PO:0020128] and how far the lobes extend toward the midrib [PO:0020139]. A trait that indicates whether a leaf lamina or leaflets display any divisions or dissections on a 2-dimensional plane that extend greater than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib.
comments	For terms pertaining to 2-dimensional leaf lamina divisions and incisions that are less than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib, see the trait leaf_margin. See also the trait leaf_division for more detailed leaf lobation (and leaf compoundness) trait values. Note that there might be some species that grade from deeply lobed simple leaves to compound leaves.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_lobation_unlobed Leaf margin lacks projections or indentations that extend more than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib. leaf_lobation_lobed Leaf margin has incisions, either rounded or sharp-tipped, that extend more than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib. leaf_lobation_lobed_deep Leaf margin with lobes that extend more than halfway to the midrib. (Synonyms, parted, divided) leaf_lobation_lobed_shallow Leaf margin with lobes that extend less than halfway to the midrib. (Synonyms, cleft, sinuate)
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape edge shape curvature
keyword	leaf shape leaf lamina lobes leaf margin leaf midvein, midrib
scope note	Plants with well-developed leaves.
has exact match	leaf lamina lobes
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Hickey 1973 Wikipedia 2022 Glossary of leaf morphology
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011315

Leaf compoundness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011316
alternative label	leaf_compoundness
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is whether a leaf [PO:0025034] is a simple leaf [PO:0020042] or is divided into leaflets [PO:0020049] making it a compound leaf [PO:0020043]. A binary trait that indicates whether a leaf lamina is simple or divided into discontinuous leaflets (compound).
comments	See also the trait ‘leaf_division’ for more detailed leaf compoundness trait values. Note that there might be some species that grade from deeply lobed simple leaves (see trait leaf_lobation) to compound leaves.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_compoundness_simple A leaf with a single undivided blade. [PO:0020042] leaf_compoundness_compound A leaf that is divided into multiple leaflets. [PO:0020043]
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	leaf shape simple leaf leaflet compound leaf leaf midvein, midrib
scope note	Plants with well-developed leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf compoundness [TOP222] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf compoundness [TRY:17] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf compoundness [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Leaf division degree [BROT:2] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Ellis 2009
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011316

Leaf divisions

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011317
alternative label	leaf_lamina_division
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which indicates types [NCIT:C25284] of lobed leaves [PO:0025517] and compound leaves [PO:0020043], including the arrangement [NCIT:C61532] of the lobes or leaflets [PO:0020049] with respect to the midrib [PO:0020139] or other primary leaf veins [PO:0025413] and the number of orders of axes [NCIT:C25154] across which there are incisions or divisions. A trait that captures the types of lobed leaves and compound leaves, including the arrangement of the lobes or leaflets relative to the midrib or other primary veins and the number of orders of axes across which there are incisions or divisions.
comments	This trait provides detailed description of leaf divisions, beyond what is captured in leaf_compoundness (simple versus compound) and leaf_lobation (entire versus lobed). The term ‘divided’ is meant to indicate lobing, such as ‘trichotomously divided’, but as ‘divided’ is also used in some context to indicate the divisions of leaves into leaflets, it is avoided as a trait value for this trait.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_lobed Leaf with divisions that are symmetrical across a central axis, usually the midvein. leaf_lamina_division_palmately_lobed Leaf with divisions that radiate from a single point, usually the basal junction of major veins. leaf_lamina_division_pinnatifid Leaf with lobes that extend less than half-way to the midrib. leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatifid Leaf that is twice pinnatifid, with two series of lobes that extend less than half-way to the midrib. leaf_lamina_division_pinnatipartite Leaf with lobes that extend more than half-way to the midrib. leaf_lamina_division_pinnatisect Leaf with lobes that extend nearly to the midrib but the divisions are not separated into distinct leaflets. leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatipartite Leaf that is twice pinnatipartite, with two series of lobes that extend more than half-way to the midrib. leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatisect Leaf that is twice pinnatisect, with two series of lobes that extend nearly to the midrib but the divisions are not separated into distinct leaflets. leaf_lamina_division_trichotomously_lobed Leaf divided repeatedly into three lobes. leaf_lamina_division_dichotomously_lobed Leaf divided repeatedly into two lobes. leaf_lamina_division_bipartite Leaf divided into two lobes. leaf_lamina_division_tripartite Leaf divided into three lobes. leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_compound Leaf divided into leaflets that attach along a central axis. [PATO_0000410] leaf_lamina_division_palmately_compound Leaf divided into leaflets that attach to a central point. (Synonyms, digitate) leaf_lamina_division_bipinnate Leaf that is twice pinnate, having pinnate leaflets that are themselves pinnately divided. leaf_lamina_division_tripinnate Leaf that is three times pinnate, with pinnate leaflets that are twice more pinnately divided. leaf_lamina_division_trifoliate Leaf divided into three leaflets. (Synonyms, ternate, trifoliolate)
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution shape arrangement
keyword	leaf shape leaf lamina lobes compound leaf leaflet leaf midvein, midrib leaf margin pinnate
scope note	Plants with broad leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf compoundness [TOP222] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) related match: Leaf compoundness [TRY:17] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Hickey 1973
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_division
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011317

Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensionality)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011318
alternative label	leaf_posture_numeric
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] perpendicular [PATO:0002434] height [PATO:0000119] of a leaf [PO:0025034] placed on a flat surface, indicating the 3-D extent [PATO:0001710] of the leaf. This generally corresponds with whether the leaf is curled [FLOPO:0010468]. The maximum perpendicular height of a leaf when positioned on a flat surface.
comments	A measure of how planar versus 3-dimensional a leaf is. The term posture refers to the placement of different parts of the leaf’s lamina relative to a flat plane.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	height shape 3-D extent
keyword	leaf shape leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019 Grootemaat 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_curliness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011318

Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011319
alternative label	leaf_lamina_posture
description	A leaf shape trait [TO:0000492] which is the 3-D shape [PATO:0002266] of the surface [NCIT:C25245] of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039], including its degree of curvature [PATO:0001591] and whether it is bent [PATO:0000617]. The 3-dimension shape of the surface of the leaf lamina, including its degree of curvature and bending.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_lamina_posture_concave A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is curved upward along the central axis, such that the upper leaf lamina surface is concave. leaf_lamina_posture_conduplicate A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is folded upward along the central axis. (Synonym, folded) leaf_lamina_posture_convex A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is curved downward along the central axis, such that the lower leaf lamina surface is concave. (Synonym, concavoconvex, planoconvex) leaf_lamina_posture_convolute Leaf lamina is contorted. (Synonym, twisted) leaf_lamina_posture_flat The leaf lamina is a 2-dimensional plane. leaf_lamina_posture_incurved Leaf tip is curved upward. leaf_lamina_posture_involute A longitudinal posture term indicating the outer portions of the leaf lamina are rolled inward or upward. leaf_lamina_posture_plicate Leaf margin is pleated, with a series of longitudinal folds. leaf_lamina_posture_recurved Leaf tip is curved outward or downward. [PATO:0002211] leaf_lamina_posture_revolute A longitudinal posture term indicating the outer portions of the leaf lamina are rolled outward or downward. leaf_lamina_posture_undulate The leaf lamina surface is rippled or wavy in its 2-dimensional plane. [PATO:0000967] (Synonyms, wavy, rippled, sinuate)
has broader	leaf shape trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	shape 3-D shape 3-D extent
keyword	leaf shape leaf lamina
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	07/06/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011319

Leaf glaucousness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011360
alternative label	leaf_glaucousness
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the presence or absence of epicuticular wax [PO:0025388] on the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] of a fully expanded adult phase leaf [PO:0006340], giving the leaf lamina surface a white-coloured [PATO:0000014] or blue-coloured waxy [PATO:0002384] appearance, termed glaucous. Variable describing whether mature adult phase leaves have a glaucous appearance, the colour due to being covered with a smooth, usually whitish to bluish epicuticular wax that can easily be rubbed off.
comments	The accompanying methods should specify if the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) surface of the leaf; in the absence of any notes, it is assumed the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_glaucousness_glaucous Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants have a waxy coating, giving them a glaucous appearance. (Synonyms, waxy bloom, pruinose) leaf_glaucousness_not_glaucous Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants do not have a glaucous appearance.
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	colour / color texture
keyword	epicuticular wax leaf lamina waxy
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf gloss
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	glaucous
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011360

Mature leaf hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011361
alternative label	leaf_hairs_adult_leaves
description	A leaf pubescence trait [TO:0002722] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] (hairs) on the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] of a fully expanded adult phase leaf [PO:0006340]. Variable describing whether mature (fully expanded) adult phase leaves on adult plants have hairs (trichomes).
comments	This trait captures the presence or absence of hairs on mature (fully expanded), adult phase leaves on adult plants. Best practice is to sample leaves that are recently fully expanded, since older leaves have often shed many of their hairs. The accompanying methods should specify if the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) surface of the leaf; in the absence of any notes, it is assumed the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_glabrous Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants do not have hairs (trichomes). leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_hairy Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	leaf pubescence leaf trichome leaf lamina vestiture hairy adult vascular leaf pilosity trichome
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	leaf lamina pubescence
has close match
has related match	leaf trichome density
examples	close match: Leaf emergences (pubescence, pruinescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:677] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Hanley 2007 Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_hairs_adult
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011361

Juvenile phase leaf hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011362
alternative label	leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves
description	A leaf pubescence trait [TO:0002722] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] (hairs) on the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] of a juvenile vascular leaf [PO:0006339] (on adult or juvenile plants). Variable describing whether fully expanded juvenile phase leaves (on adult or juvenile plants) have hairs (trichomes).
comments	This trait captures the presence or absence of hairs on fully-expanded juvenile phase leaves. It is best practice for the methods to specify whether these leaves were sampled from adult or juvenile plants. The accompanying methods should also specify if the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) surface of the leaf; in the absence of any notes, it is assumed the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_glabrous Juvenile phase leaves do not have hairs (trichomes). leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_hairy Juvenile phase leaves have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	leaf pubescence leaf trichome leaf lamina vestiture hairy juvenile vascular leaf pilosity trichome
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match	leaf lamina pubescence
has related match	leaf trichome density
examples	close match: Leaf emergences (pubescence, pruinescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:677] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Hanley 2007 Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_hairs_juvenile
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011362

Immature leaf hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011363
alternative label	leaf_hairs_immature_leaves
description	A leaf pubescence trait [TO:0002722] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] (hairs) on the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] of an adult phase leaf [PO:0006340] still in the vascular leaf expansion stage [PO:0001052]. Variable describing whether immature (still expanding) adult phase leaves on adult plants have hairs (trichomes).
comments	This trait captures the presence or absence of hairs on immature (still expanding) leaves on adult plants. The accompanying methods should specify if the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) surface of the leaf; in the absence of any notes, it is assumed the trait was scored on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_glabrous Immature (still expanding) leaves do not have hairs (trichomes). leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_hairy Immature (still expanding) leaves have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	leaf pubescence leaf trichome leaf lamina vestiture hairy adult vascular leaf vascular leaf expansion stage trichome
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match	leaf lamina pubescence
has related match	leaf trichome density
examples	close match: Leaf emergences (pubescence, pruinescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:677] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Hanley 2007 Simpson 2019
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011363

Leaf surface colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011364
alternative label	leaf_surface_colour
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is which is the dominant (primary [NCIT:C25251]) colour [PATO:0000014] of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Human visible dominant colour of the surface of a leaf.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_surface_colour_green Leaf lamina surface is green. leaf_surface_colour_grey_green Leaf lamina surface is grey-green. leaf_surface_colour_dark_green Leaf lamina surface is dark green. leaf_surface_colour_pale_green Leaf lamina surface is pale green. leaf_surface_colour_pale_grey_green Leaf lamina surface is pale grey-green. leaf_surface_colour_dark_grey_green Leaf lamina surface is dark grey-green. leaf_surface_colour_red Leaf lamina surface is red. leaf_surface_colour_purple Leaf lamina surface is purple.
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	leaf lamina adult vascular leaf
scope note
has exact match	leaf lamina color
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf color [TRY:582] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011364

Leaf surface reflectivity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011365
alternative label	leaf_surface_reflectivity
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the reflectivity [PATO:0001297] of the surface [NCIT:C25245] of a mature [PATO:0001701] leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Surface reflectivity of a leaf, indicating whether the leaf lamina is shiny or dull.
comments	There will be overlap between this trait and the trait leaf_glaucousness. This trait can be used to document surface reflectivity more broadly, not only distinguishing between leaf lamina that are glaucous versus not glaucous.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_surface_reflectivity_dull Leaf surface appears dull, indicating it has a low reflectivity. leaf_surface_reflectivity_shiny Leaf surface appears shiny or glossy, indicating it has a high reflectivity. (Synonyms, glossy, lustrous, polished)
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	texture morphology reflectivity
keyword	leaf lamina adult vascular leaf
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011365

Leaf phyllotaxis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011410
alternative label	leaf_phyllotaxis
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] spatial pattern [PATO:0000060] trait which is the phyllotaxy [TO:0006014] of leaves, indicating a leaf’s position [TO:0000541] relative to other leaves at a stem node [PO:0020141]. Leaf arrangement at a stem node, indicating the relative number and position of leaves at a single stem note.
comments	This trait only includes true phyllotaxis, the arrangement of leaves at a single node, while the trait leaf arrangement indicates how the leaves are presented along the entire shoot system. See the trait stem_growth_habit for whole-plant leaf pattern terms, such as rosette.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_phyllotaxis_alternate A single leaf is attached at each stem node. leaf_phyllotaxis_opposite A pair of leaves are attached opposite to one another at each stem node. leaf_phyllotaxis_whorled Three or more leaves are attached at each stem node, arranged in a symmetrical pattern around the stem. (Synonyms, verticillate)
has broader	leaf position trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution arrangement
keyword	phyllotaxy stem node
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match	phyllotaxy
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf distribution along the shoot axis (arrangement type) [TRY:16] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf_arrangement [GIFT:4.15.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Wikipedia 2022 Leaf arrangement on the stem
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011410

Leaf arrangement

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011411
alternative label	leaf_arrangement
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] spatial pattern [PATO:0000060] trait which is the position [TO:0000541] and arrangement [NCIT:C61532] of leaves between stem nodes [PO:0020141], indicating how leaves align and cluster along the vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607]. Leaf arrangement across stem nodes, indicating the 3-dimensional arrangement of leaves along the length of the stem.
comments	Leaf arrangement, as defined for this trait, indicates patterns of leaf arrangement across nodes, including both formal terms (decussate, distichous, spiral) as well as indications of leaf clustering due to variation in internode length. See the trait leaf phyllotaxis for terms describing leaf arrangement at a single node. See the trait stem_growth_habit for whole-plant leaf pattern terms, such as rosette.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_arrangement_decussate When sequential pairs of opposite leaves attach at right angles to the pair above or below. leaf_arrangement_distichous When alternate or opposite leaves are arranged in two opposite rows. leaf_arrangement_scattered When leaves are attached along the entire length of stem. leaf_arrangement_spiral When alternate leaves are attached in a progressive spiral pattern along the stem. leaf_arrangement_fasciculate A tight bundle or cluster of leaves attaches to the stem in a single location, generally due to the shortening of internodes. (Synonym, tufted) leaf_arrangement_clustered When leaves are in any type of cluster, where the type of cluster is not further specified. The leaves may be clustered toward the base of the plant (a rosette), toward the top of the plant, toward the end of branches, or in distinct tuft (fascicles), but more information is not provided. leaf_arrangement_clustered_basal When leaves are clustered or crowded to the base of the stem, arranged in a rosette or other basal clustering. (Synonym, rosette) leaf_arrangement_crowded When internode length varies considerably along a stem, such that leaves appear crowded or tufted. (Synonym, congested) leaf_arrangement_rosette When leaves radiate from a central point at or near ground level. leaf_arrangement_imbricate When leaves lay tightly against the stem and are overlapping.
has broader	leaf position trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution arrangement
keyword	stem node vegetative shoot system phyllotaxy
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf distribution along the shoot axis (arrangement type) [TRY:16] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf_arrangement [GIFT:4.15.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Simpson 2019 Ellis 2009 Wikipedia 2022 Leaf arrangement on the stem
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011411

Leaf axil angle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011412
alternative label	leaf_axil_angle
description	A leaf position trait [TO:0000541] which is the angle [PATO:0002326] of a leaf axil [PO:0009023], the space between a leaf [PO:0025034] and the stem [PO:0009047] to which it is attached. The angle between a shoot and a leaf that connects to the shoot axis.
comments	This trait records the angle between the upper surface of a leaf and the stem to which it is attached. The slope of the leaf lamina relative to the solar zenith is a separate trait, leaf_inclination_angle.
value type	continuous variable
unit	deg plane angle degree
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	180
has broader	leaf position trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	angle orientation spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	leaf axil leaf attitude leaf lamina leaf angle
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match	leaf angle
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf angle (inclination, orientation) [TRY:3] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011412

Leaf inclination angle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011413
alternative label	leaf_inclination_angle
description	A leaf position trait [TO:0000541] which is the inclination angle [PATO:0002326] of the adaxial [PATO:0002047] leaf lamina [PO:0020039] surface relative to a horizontal [PATO:0001855] plane, such that an adaxial leaf surface facing the solar zenith [ECSO:00002723] has an angle of 0. The inclination angle of the upper (adaxial) leaf lamina surface relative to a horizontal plane, such that a leaf surface facing the solar zenith has an angle of 0.
comments	This trait records the slope of the leaf lamina relative to the ground surface. The angle between a stem and the leaf lamina is a separate trait, leaf_axil_angle. Complanate leaves can be scored as having a leaf_inclination_angle of 0.
value type	continuous variable
unit	deg plane angle degree
minAllowedValue	-90
maxAllowedValue	90
has broader	leaf position trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	angle orientation spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	leaf lamina solar zenith angle leaf attitude
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match
has close match	leaf attitude
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf angle (inclination, orientation) [TRY:3] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Niinemets 2010 Falster 2003b
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_angle
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011413

Leaf pendulousness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011414
alternative label	leaf_pendulousness
description	A leaf position trait [TO:0000541] which indicates whether leaves [PO:0025034] are pendulous [APD:glossary/40066], hanging loosely downward and possessing the ability to flutter. Binary variable describing whether leaves are pendulous, hanging loosely downward and possessing the ability to flutter.
comments	This is a binary categorical trait, scoring whether leaves are pendulous and therefore hanging loosely downward and able to flutter. Two additional traits, leaf_inclination_angle and leaf_axil_angle document the actual angle of the leaf lamina relative to, respectively, the solar zenith and the stem.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_pendulousness_pendulous Leaves are pendulous. leaf_pendulousness_not_pendulous Leaves are not pendulous.
has broader	leaf position trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation angle
keyword	leaf angle pendulous
scope note	Plants with leaves
has exact match
has close match	leaf attitude
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf angle (inclination, orientation) [TRY:3] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Curtis 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	pendulous_leaves
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011414

Cuticle thickness on the lower leaf surface

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011510
alternative label	leaf_cuticle_thickness_abaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of cuticle [PO:0000022] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the cuticle on the lower leaf surface.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	plant cuticle abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match	plant cuticle thickness
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf cuticula thickness [TRY:716] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	lower_cuticle_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011510

Cuticle thickness on the upper leaf surface

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011511
alternative label	leaf_cuticle_thickness_adaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of cuticle [PO:0000022] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the cuticle on the upper leaf surface.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	plant cuticle adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match	plant cuticle thickness
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf cuticula thickness [TRY:716] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	upper_cuticle_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011511

Leaf epidermis thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011512
alternative label	leaf_epidermis_thickness
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of epidermis [PO:0005679] tissue [CARO:0000043] , in samples where the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] side (abaxial [PATO:0002046] versus adaxial [PATO:0002047]) is not specified. Thickness of the epidermis, where the leaf lamina side is not specified.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue epidermis leaf lamina abaxial adaxial
scope note
has exact match
has close match	epidermis thickness
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf epidermis thickness [TRY:101] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermis_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011512

Lower leaf side epidermis thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011513
alternative label	leaf_epidermis_thickness_abaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of epidermis [PO:0005679] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the epidermis on the lower side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue epidermis abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match	epidermis thickness
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf epidermis thickness [TRY:101] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermis_thickness_lower_leaf_surface
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011513

Upper leaf side epidermis thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011514
alternative label	leaf_epidermis_thickness_adaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of epidermis [PO:0005679] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the epidermis on the upper side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue epidermis adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match	epidermis thickness
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf epidermis thickness [TRY:101] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermis_thickness_upper_leaf_surface
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011514

Average leaf epidermal cell density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011515
alternative label	leaf_epidermal_cell_density_both_sides
description	A plant cell morphology trait [TO:0002683] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of epidermal cells [PO:0004013] to leaf lamina [PO:0020039] area [PATO_0001323], averaged across the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) and adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) sides of the leaf lamina. Epidermal cell density averaged across the upper and lower sides of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant cell morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	cell epidermal cell abaxial adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermal_cell_density_both_sides
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011515

Lower leaf side epidermal cell density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011516
alternative label	leaf_epidermal_cell_density_abaxial
description	A plant cell morphology trait [TO:0002683] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of epidermal cells [PO:0004013] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to leaf lamina area [PATO_0001323]. Epidermal cell density on the lower side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant cell morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	cell epidermal cell abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermal_cell_density_abaxial
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011516

Upper leaf side epidermal cell density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011517
alternative label	leaf_epidermal_cell_density_adaxial
description	A plant cell morphology trait [TO:0002683] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of epidermal cells [PO:0004013] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to leaf lamina area [PATO_0001323]. Epidermal cell density on the upper side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant cell morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	cell epidermal cell adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	epidermal_cell_density_adaxial
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011517

Lower leaf side hypodermis thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011518
alternative label	leaf_hypodermis_thickness_abaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of hypodermis [PO:0005051] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the hypodermis on the lower side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue hypodermis abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf hypodermis thickness [TRY:806] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	lower_hypodermis_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011518

Upper leaf side hypodermis thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011519
alternative label	leaf_hypodermis_thickness_adaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of hypodermis [PO:0005051] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of the hypodermis on the upper side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue hypodermis adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf hypodermis thickness [TRY:806] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	upper_hypodermis_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011519

Lower palisade mesophyll thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011520
alternative label	leaf_palisade_tissue_thickness_abaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of palisade mesophyll [PO:0005648] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of palisade mesophyll tissue on the lower side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue palisade mesophyll abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	lower_palisade_cell_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011520

Upper palisade mesophyll thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011521
alternative label	leaf_palisade_tissue_thickness_adaxial
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of palisade mesophyll [PO:0005648] tissue [CARO:0000043] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) side of the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of palisade mesophyll tissue on the upper side of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue palisade mesophyll adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	upper_palisade_cell_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011521

Palisade cell length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011522
alternative label	leaf_palisade_cell_length
description	A plant cell morphology trait [TO:0002683] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of individual palisade mesophyll cells [PO:0006206]. Length of individual leaf palisade cells.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	plant cell morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length
keyword	cell palisade mesophyll cell leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	plant cell length
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	palisade_cell_length
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011522

Palisade cell width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011523
alternative label	leaf_palisade_cell_width
description	A plant cell morphology trait [TO:0002683] which is the width [PATO:0000921] of individual palisade mesophyll cells [PO:0006206]. Width of individual leaf palisade cells.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	plant cell morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	width
keyword	cell palisade mesophyll cell leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	palisade_cell_width
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011523

Number of layers of palisade cells

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011524
alternative label	leaf_palisade_layer_number
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of cell layers [UBERON:0000119] of palisade mesophyll cells [PO:0006206]. The number of layers of palisade cells in a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	cell palisade mesophyll cell palisade mesophyll leaf lamina tissue
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	palisade_layer_number
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011524

Spongy mesophyll cell thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011525
alternative label	leaf_spongy_mesophyll_thickness
description	A portion of plant tissue morphology trait [TO:0000843] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of spongy mesophyll [PO:0005647] tissue [CARO:0000043] within the leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Thickness of spongy mesophyll tissue in a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	portion of plant tissue morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	tissue spongy mesophyll leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf mesophyll spongiophyll thickness [TRY:805] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	spongy_mesophyll_thickness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011525

Cell cross-sectional area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011526
alternative label	cell_cross-sectional_area
description	A plant cell size [TO:0002684] trait which is the cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] of a cell [CL:0000000]. Cell cross-sectional area.
comments	This trait can be used to map the area of cell types that are not already explicitly listed as their own trait. The cell type and tissue/organ being measured needs to be specified under measurement_remarks or as a method_context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	um2 square micrometre
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant cell morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	area 2-D extent size
keyword	cell plant cell size cross section
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf epidermis cell area [TRY:338] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf mesophyll cell area [TRY:573] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011526

Stomatal density on the lower leaf surface

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011610
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_density_abaxial
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of stomata [PO:0008032] on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] (lower) leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to the leaf lamina area [PATO:0001323]. Density of stomata on the lower leaf surface.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	leaf stomatal complex frequency stomata; stomatal pore abaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match	abaxial stomatal frequency
has close match	Stomatal density
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomata density abaxial [TOP371] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stomata density [TRY:63] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stomatal_density_abaxial
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011610

Stomatal density on the upper leaf surface

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011611
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_density_adaxial
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of stomata [PO:0008032] on the adaxial [PATO:0002047] (upper) leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to the leaf lamina area [PATO:0001323]. Density of stomata on the upper leaf surface.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	leaf stomatal complex frequency stomata; stomatal pore adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match	adaxial stomatal frequency
has close match	Stomatal density
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomata density adaxial [TOP372] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Stomata density [TRY:63] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stomatal_density_adaxial
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011611

Stomatal density averaged across both leaf surfaces

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011612
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_density_average
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of stomata [PO:0008032] to leaf lamina [PO:0020039] area [PATO:0001323], averaged the across the abaxial [PATO:0002046] and adaxial [PATO:0002047] sides of the leaf lamina. Density of stomata averaged across both leaf surfaces.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count per unit area
keyword	leaf stomatal complex frequency stomata; stomatal pore abaxial adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match	Stomatal density
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomata density trait [TOP370] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stomata density [TRY:63] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stomatal_density_average
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011612

Stomatal distribution

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011613
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_distribution
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which indicates whether stomata [PO:0008032] occur on the abaxial [PATO:0002046] and/or adaxial [PATO:0002047] leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Distribution of stomatal across the two leaf surfaces.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic Leaves with stomata on both leaf surfaces. leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic_uneven Leaves with stomata on both leaf surfaces but more stomata on the lower leaf surface. leaf_stomatal_distribution_epistomatic Leaves that only have stomata on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface. leaf_stomatal_distribution_hypostomatic Leaves that only have stomata on the lower (abaxial) leaf surface.
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	leaf stomatal complex frequency stomata; stomatal pore abaxial adaxial leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomata distribution to ab- and adaxial leaf surfaces [TRY:781] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stomatal_distribution
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011613

Stomatal hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011614
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_hairs
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which is the pilosity [PATO:0000066] (hairiness) of the stomatal pores [PO:0008032]. Variable indicating if stomata are covered by hairs and, if hairy, the density of hairs present.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_covered_with_dense_hairs Stomata densely covered by hairs. leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_not_covered_by_hairs Stomata not hair-covered.
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	leaf stomatal complex frequency stomata; stomatal pore hairy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stomatal_hairs
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011614

Guard cell length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011615
alternative label	leaf_guard_cell_length
description	A leaf stomatal complex frequency trait [TO:0000566] which indicates the length [PATO:0000122] of a guard cell [PO:0000293]. Length of guard cells.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	leaf stomatal complex morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length
keyword	cell leaf stomatal complex frequency guard cell stomata; stomatal pore
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	plant cell length
examples	exact match: Stomata guard cell size [TRY:733] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	guard_cell_length
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011615

Leaf visible light transmission

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011710
alternative label	leaf_transmission
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] optical [NCIT:C16940] properties trait which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of incoming visible light [NCIT:C17732] that is transmitted [SWEET:procWave/Transmission] through a leaf. Proportion of incoming visible light (between 400-700 nm) that is transmitted through a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol/umol micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf optical properties trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion electromagnetic property radiation
keyword	optics visible light transmission photosynthetically active radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf light transmittance [TRY:535] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011710

Leaf visible light absorption

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011711
alternative label	leaf_absorption
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] optical [NCIT:C16940] properties trait which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of incoming visible light [NCIT:C17732] that is absorbed [SWEET:procWave/Absorption] by a leaf. Proportion of incoming visible light (between 400-700 nm) that is absorbed by a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol/umol micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf optical properties trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion electromagnetic property radiation
keyword	optics visible light absorption photosynthetically active radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf light absorption (extinction) [TRY:10] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011711

Leaf visible light reflection

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011712
alternative label	leaf_reflectance
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] optical [NCIT:C16940] properties trait which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of incoming visible light [NCIT:C17732] that is reflected [SWEET:procWave/Reflection] by a leaf. Proportion of incoming visible light (between 400-700 nm) that is reflected by a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol/umol micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf optical properties trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion electromagnetic property radiation
keyword	optics visible light reflection photosynthetically active radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011712

Leaf infra-red light reflection

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011713
alternative label	leaf_reflectance_near_infrared
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] optical [NCIT:C16940] properties trait which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of incoming infrared radiation [ENVO:21001214] that is reflected [SWEET:procWave/Reflection] by a leaf. Proportion of incoming near infra-red light (between 750-10500 nm) that is reflected by a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol/umol micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf optical properties trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion electromagnetic property radiation
keyword	infrared radiation optics reflection radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011713

Stem cross-sectional area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011811
alternative label	stem_cross_sectional_area
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] of a stem [PO:0009047] segment which includes the bark [PO:0004518]. Cross-sectional area of a stem, including both wood and bark.
comments	This is not a trait itself, since it is dependent on the location sampled. However, values might be reported that are effectively contexts for another trait, such as bark thickness or Huber value.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2 square millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	area size
keyword	cross section
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stem_cross_section_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011811

Wood cross-sectional area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011812
alternative label	sapwood_cross_sectional_area
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] of a stem [PO:0009047] segment from which the bark [PO:0004518] has been removed; this includes both sapwood [PO:0004513] and, if present heartwood [PO:0004512]. Cross-sectional area of a stem without bark.
comments	This is not a trait itself, since it is dependent on the location sampled. However, values might be reported that are effectively contexts for another trait, such as bark thickness or Huber value. Although it is defined as the diameter of the entire stem without bark, it is generally measured on narrow branches that have not yet developed heartwood and therefore is the cross-section of sapwood.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2 square millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	area size
keyword	sapwood cross section wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	stem_cross_sectional_area_no_bark
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011812

Terminal twig cross-sectional area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011813
alternative label	branch_terminal_twig_cross_sectional_area
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] of the most distal [PATO:0001234] branch [PO:0025073]. Cross-sectional area of the terminal twig, measured just beyond the final branching node.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2 square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	area size
keyword	branch cross section
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	twig_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011813

Terminal twig length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011814
alternative label	branch_terminal_twig_length
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of the most distal [PATO:0001234] branch [PO:0025073]. Length of the terminal twig, the length of stem beyond the final branching node.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	length
keyword	branch
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Twig length [TRY:1202] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	twig_length
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011814

Wood density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011815
alternative label	wood_density
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of a unit of wood [NCIT:C93062] from a stem [PO:0009047] assessed after drying to its volume [PATO:0000918] assessed without drying. The ratio of wood dry mass to wood fresh volume, measured on a stem segment without bark.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mm3 milligram per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	1.4
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass volume density ratio; proportion mass density, density
keyword	wood wood, secondary xylem biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match	secondary xylem volumetric density, wood volumetric density Wood density
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood density [TOP284] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stem specific density (SSD, stem dry mass per stem fresh volume) or wood density [TRY:4] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Stem specific density (SSD) [GIFT:4.3] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: stem wood density [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Stem specific density [BROT:11] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011815

Herbaceous stem density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011816
alternative label	stem_density
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of a unit of herbaceous [PATO:0002352] stem [PO:0009047] assessed after drying to its volume [PATO:0000918] assessed without drying. The ratio of stem dry mass to stem fresh volume, measured on an herbaceous stem segment.
comments	This trait is specifically for non-woody or partially woody stems that otherwise are outliers for wood density
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mm3 milligram per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1.4
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass volume density ratio; proportion mass density, density
keyword	herbaceous biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem specific density (SSD, stem dry mass per stem fresh volume) or wood density [TRY:4] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Stem specific density (SSD) [GIFT:4.3] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: stem wood density [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Stem specific density [BROT:11] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011816

Stem hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011817
alternative label	stem_hairs
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] (hairs) on a stem [PO_0009047]. Variable describing whether plant stems have hairs (trichomes).
comments	As stems often lose hairs as they age, the context field should indicate the stem age.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	stem_hairs_glabrous Adult plant stems do not have hairs (trichomes). stem_hairs_hairy Adult plant stems have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	trichome
scope note
has exact match	stem hairiness
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Stem emergences (pubescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:1256] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011817

Xylem to leaf area ratio (XLA)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011910
alternative label	xylem_to_leaf_area_ratio
description	A leaf morphology trait [TO:0000748] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of xylem vessel [PO:0025417] area [PATO:0001323] in a petiole [PO:0020038] to the attached leaf lamina [PO:0020039] area. For a single leaf, the ratio of xyem cross-sectional area at the base of the petiole to the leaf lamina area.
comments	This trait is similar to Huber value, but at the level of a single leaf, not the entire branch.
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm2{xylem}/mm2{leaf}
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	area size dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation xylem water transport leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Blackman 2023
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011910

Huber value

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011911
alternative label	huber_value
description	A stem morphology trait [TO:0000361] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of sapwood [PO:0004513] area [PATO:0001323] to the total distal [PATO:0001234] leaf [PO:0025034] area. For a single branch, the ratio of sapwood cross-sectional area at the base of the branch to the branch’s total leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2{sapwood}/mm2{leaf} square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	1e-06
maxAllowedValue	0.2
has broader	stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf stem
measured characteristic	area size dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	sapwood biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem, branch or twig sapwood cross-sectional area per supported leaf area (Huber value) [TRY:171] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Tyree & Ewers 1991
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011911

Leaf dry mass to stem dry mass ratio

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011912
alternative label	leaf_mass_to_stem_mass_ratio
description	A plant dry mass trait [TO:0000352] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of a plant’s total leaf [PO:0025034] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to its total stem [PO:0009047] and branch [PO:0025073] dry mass. The ratio of whole plant leaf dry mass to whole plant stem dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	leaf mass trait stem mass trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	leaf stem whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation whole plant stem dry mass whole plant leaf dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	leaf_mass_to_stem_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011912

Stem dry mass to vegetative shoot dry mass ratio (support fraction)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011913
alternative label	stem_mass_to_shoot_mass_ratio
description	A plant dry mass trait [TO:0000352] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of stem [PO:0009047] and branch [PO:0025073] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607] dry mass. The ratio of whole plant stem dry mass to whole plant vegetative shoot dry mass. That is, the proportion of aboveground vegetative biomass that is comprised of stems and branches, rather than leaves; support fraction.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	leaf mass trait stem mass trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	leaf stem whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	branch vegetative shoot system biomass allocation whole plant stem dry mass whole plant leaf dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Plant biomass and allometry: Supportive structure (stem, twig, leaf petiole, leaf sheeth) dry mass p [TRY:3059] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	support_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011913

Side branch dry mass to whole plant dry mass ratio

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011914
alternative label	branch_mass_fraction
description	A plant dry mass trait [TO:0000352] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of side branch [PO:0025073] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to whole plant [PO:0000003] dry mass. The ratio of side branch dry mass to whole plant dry mass. That is, the proportion of total plant biomass that is comprised of all branches off the main shoot axis.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mass trait
plant structure plant structure	stem whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	branch biomass allocation whole plant dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant biomass and allometry: Branch dry mass per plant dry mass [TRY:137] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011914

Stem dry matter content (SDMC)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011915
alternative label	stem_dry_matter_content
description	A stem mass trait [TO:0000952] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of stem [PO:0009047] (or branch [PO:0025073]) dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to stem (or branch) fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of stem (or branch) dry mass to stem (or branch) fresh mass; SDMC.
comments	A related trait is stem_water_content_per_saturated_mass.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem mass trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	branch fresh mass water
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem dry mass per stem fresh mass (stem dry matter content, StDMC) [TRY:1181] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011915

Stem water content per unit saturated stem mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011916
alternative label	stem_water_content_per_saturated_mass
description	A stem mass trait [TO:0000952] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a stem [PO:0009047] to stem fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044] in a stem that is at maximum [NCIT:C25564] water holding capacity [IOBC:200906064703668091], known as full turgor [PATO:0001620]. The ratio of the mass of water in a stem (stem water content) to total stem mass, measured in a saturated stem. A saturated stem is one that has been hydrated to its maximal water holding capacity and is at full turgor.
comments	A related trait is stem_dry_matter_content.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	stem mass trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	water water holding capacity turgor fresh mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	stem moisture content
examples	close match: Wood (sapwood) water content [TRY:1097] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011916

Stem mass fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011917
alternative label	stem_mass_fraction
description	A plant dry mass trait [TO:0000352] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of whole plant [PO:0000003] stem [PO:0009047] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to whole plant dry mass [APD:glossary/40080]. The ratio of stem dry mass to whole plant dry mass. That is, the proportion of total plant biomass that is comprised of stems and branches.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	stem mass trait
plant structure plant structure	stem whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation whole plant stem dry mass whole plant dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant biomass and allometry: Stem dry mass per plant dry mass [TRY:136] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: stem dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011917

Stem saturated water content per unit stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0011918
alternative label	stem_saturated_water_content_per_dry_mass
description	A stem mass trait [TO:0000952] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a saturated stem [PO:0009047] to stem dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125], where a saturated stem is one at maximum [NCIT:C25564] water holding capacity [IOBC:200906064703668091]. The ratio of the mass of water in a saturated stem to stem dry mass.
comments	Similar traits include stem_dry_matter_content, the ratio of a stem dry mass to stem fresh mass and stem_water_content_per_saturated_mass the ratio of the mass of water in a stem to saturated stem mass.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	stem mass trait
plant structure plant structure	stem whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation whole plant stem dry mass whole plant dry mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0011918

Bark morphology, Eucalyptus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012010
alternative label	bark_morphology_eucalyptus
description	A bark morphology trait which is the texture [PATO:0000150] of the bark [PO:0004518] of Eucalyptus taxa. Broad categories that describe the texture of Eucalyptus bark.
comments	This trait just records the morphology of taxa in the genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_box Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Box’ type bark. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_gum Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stocking Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark above a rough barked stocking. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ironbark Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Ironbark’ type bark. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_peppermint Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Peppermint’ type bark. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stringybark Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Stringy’ type bark. bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ribbonbark Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark that sheds in ribbons.
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	structure texture
scope note	taxa in the genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012010

Bark thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012011
alternative label	bark_thickness
description	A bark morphology trait which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of the bark [PO:0004518]. The corresponding stem [PO:0009047] diameter [PATO:0001334] should also be recorded so that a scaled measure, the bark thickness to stem diameter ratio, can also be calculated. Thickness of the bark on the stem.
comments	The corresponding stem diameter should also be recorded so that a scaled measure, the bark thickness to stem diameter ratio, can also be calculated.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	thickness
scope note
has exact match	Bark thickness
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark thickness [TOP283] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark thickness [TRY:24] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Bark thickness (inner bark) [TRY:3355] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Bark thickness (outer bark) [TRY:3356] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Average bark thickness [BROT:9] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012011

Scaled bark thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012012
alternative label	bark_thickness_index
description	A bark morphology trait which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of two times bark [PO:0004518] thickness [PATO:0000915] to the stem [PO:0009047] diameter [PATO:0001334]. The ratio of two times a single bark thickness measure to stem diameter, to adjust for increasing bark thickness with increasing stem diameter.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm/mm millimetre per millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	bark stem
measured characteristic	thickness index
keyword	biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Bark thickness [TOP283] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Bark thickness [TRY:24] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Bark thickness (inner bark) [TRY:3355] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Bark thickness (outer bark) [TRY:3356] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Lawes 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012012

Bark density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012013
alternative label	bark_density
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of bark [PO:0004518] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to the corresponding fresh [EnvThes:21976] bark volume [PATO:0000918]. The ratio of bark dry mass to bark fresh volume.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mm3 milligram per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1.1
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass volume density ratio; proportion mass density, density
keyword	biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bark density [TOP282] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Bark density (bark dry mass per bark volume) [TRY:248] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012013

Bark dry mass per unit bark surface area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012014
alternative label	bark_dry_mass_per_surface_area
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of bark [PO:0004518] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to the corresponding bark surface area [EnvThes:21564]. The ratio of bark dry mass to bark surface area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/cm2 gram per square centimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass area density per unit area ratio; proportion mass density, density
keyword	biomass allocation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	bark_mass_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012014

Bark water content per unit bark dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012015
alternative label	bark_water_content_per_dry_mass
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in bark [PO:0004518] (bark water content [APD:glossary/40014]) to bark dry [PATO:0001824] mass. The ratio of the mass of water in bark (bark water content) to bark dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	water bark water content
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012015

Bark water content per unit saturated bark mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012016
alternative label	bark_water_content_per_saturated_mass
description	A bark mass trait [TO:0000952] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in bark [PO:0004518] to the fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044] of bark that is at maximum [NCIT:C25564] water holding capacity [IOBC:200906064703668091], known as full turgor [PATO:0001620]. The ratio of the mass of water in bark (bark water content) to total bark mass, measured in saturated bark. Saturated bark is bark that has been hydrated to its maximal water holding capacity and is at full turgor.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	water water holding capacity turgor fresh mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012016

Root diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012111
alternative label	root_diameter
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] root [PO:0009005] diameter [PATO:0001334] of a plant. Maximum root diameter.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	diameter size
keyword	root morphology trait
scope note
has exact match	root width
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012111

Root system morphology

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012112
alternative label	root_system_classification
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which are categorical [STATO:0000252] trait values that capture the branchiness [PATO:0002009] and texture [PATO:0000150] of the root system [PO:0025025] and the root system depth [TO:0001058]. Categorical root system descriptions that indicate the branchiness and texture of the root system and the depth of the root system.
comments	The trait values listed are those specified in the root system classification scheme proposed by Cannon in 1949.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	root_system_classification_type_i The primary root is fibrous or fleshy and is relatively long; mesophytic. root_system_classification_type_ii The primary root is relatively short and is fibrous. Roots are well branched in a dry habitat but branch little in one that is wet. root_system_classification_type_iii The primary root is usually long and fibrous. The first order lateral roots are well branched and are usually short; they are rather evenly distributed along the primary root; xerophytic. root_system_classification_type_iv The primary root is usually long and slender like that of Type II. The first order lateral roots are well branched. Those closest to the surface of the ground, or not far below, are relatively long; xerophytic and mesophytic. root_system_classification_type_v The primary root is divided-forked or branched-and fibrous, and with few first order lateral roots, or, in age, apparently with none; xerophytic. root_system_classification_type_vi The primary root is usually as in Type V. The first order lateral roots are mostly on the upper portion of the primary root and are thus relatively superficial; xerophytic or in well aerated sandy soil where the rainfall is not light. root_system_classification_type_vii Adventitious roots that are in one group and arise on a short horizontal, or vertical, axis of the shoot. They are fibrous or fleshly; mesophytic and hydrophytic. root_system_classification_type_viii Adventitious roots that are in one group and are fibrous and fleshy, or fibrous and thick. The fibrous adventitious roots are absorbing-anchoring roots and are usually with laterals to the second order; meophytic. root_system_classification_type_ix Adventitious roots that arise on the aerial stem and branches of some herbaceous taxa, shrubs, and trees; on creepers, vines, and runners; and on subterranean rhizomes and stolons.
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	volume 3-D extent size texture spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	root system root system depth root branchiness root texture
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Cannon 1949
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	root_morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012112

Fine root volume to coarse root volume ratio

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012113
alternative label	root_fine_root_coarse_root_ratio
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the volume [PATO:0000918] of fine roots [EnvThes:20581] (those <0.5mm in diameter) to the volume of coarse roots [APD:glossary/40026] (those >0.5 mm in diameter). The ratio of the volume of fine roots (<0.5mm diameter) to the volume of coarse roots (>0.5mm diameter).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm3/mm3 cubic millimetre per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	volume ratio; proportion
keyword	fine root root branchiness coarse root
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Fine root dry mass fraction that is taproot (taproot dry mass per fine root dry mass) [TRY:2011] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012113

Root biomass depth distribution coefficient

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012114
alternative label	root_distribution_coefficient
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] indicating the distribution [PATO:0000060] of a plant’s roots [PO:0009005] with depth [PATO:0001595]. To calculate the model parameter, the required input is a plot of the cumulative root distribution from the surface, where [Y] is the cumulative fraction of roots from the surface to a depth [d]. An asymptotic nonlinear model is used to describe the vertical root distribution: Y = 1 - b^d where Y is the cumulative root fraction from the surface to soil depth d in centimeters and b the estimated parameter. Root biomass depth distribution coefficient (‘B’ from Gale & Grigal 1987), where high values indicate that root biomass is allocated deeper in the soil. To calculate the model parameter, the required input is a plot of the cumulative root distribution from the surface, where [Y] is the cumulative fraction of roots from the surface to a depth [d]. An asymptotic nonlinear model is used to describe the vertical root distribution: Y = 1 - b^d where Y is the cumulative root fraction from the surface to soil depth d in centimeters and b the estimated parameter.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass model parameter spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	root branchiness root system depth root system
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Root evenness of dry mass vertical distribution [TRY:3033] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Gale and Grigal 1987
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012114

Root system type (presence of taproot)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012115
alternative label	root_system_type
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which indicates if the root system [PO:0025025] is one where the primary root [PO:0020127] remains the dominant root, developing into a taproot, a long [PATO:0000573], thick [PATO:0000591] root with few branches, or whether the lateral roots [PO:0020121] are of similar length to the primary root. Variable describing whether a plant has a tap root.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	root_system_type_tap_root_absent Tap root not present. root_system_type_tap_root_present Tap root present. root_system_type_tap_root_sometimes_present Tap root sometimes present.
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	structure spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	root system primary root lateral root root branchiness
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	tap_root; root_tap_root_status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012115

Specific root length (SRL)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012116
alternative label	root_specific_root_length
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of root [PO:0009005] length [PATO:0000122] to root dry mass [TO:0000078]. The ratio of root length to root dry mass; SRL.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	m/g metre per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	5000
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	length ratio; proportion mass
keyword	biomass allocation root system primary root lateral root
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Specific root length trait [TOP935] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Root length per root dry mass (specific root length, SRL) [TRY:1080] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	specific_root_length
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012116

Specific tap root length (STRL)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012117
alternative label	root_specific_taproot_length
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of primary root [PO:0020127] length [PATO:0000122] to primary root dry mass [TO:0000078] The ratio of taproot length (primary root length) to taproot dry mass; STRL.
comments	This trait is usually measured during the very early stage of growth, capturing how efficiently seedlings reach reliable water.
value type	continuous variable
unit	m/g metre per gram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	5000
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	length ratio; proportion mass
keyword	biomass allocation root system primary root
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Coarse root length per coarse root dry mass (specific coarse root length, SRL) [TRY:1550] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	specific_taproot_length
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012117

Root surface area per unit root dry mass (specific root area)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012118
alternative label	root_specific_root_area
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of root [PO:0009005] surface area [EnvThes:21564] to root dry mass [TO:0000078]. The ratio of root surface area to root dry mass; specific root area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mg square millimetre per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	area size ratio; proportion area density mass density, density
keyword	biomass allocation root system
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root surface area per root dry mass (specific root area) [TRY:1089] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	specific_root_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012118

Root wood density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012119
alternative label	root_wood_density
description	A root morphology trait [TO:0000043] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the dry mass [PATO:0000125] of a unit of wood [PO_0005848] from a root [PO:0009005]to its fresh fresh [EnvThes:21976] volume [PATO:0000918]. The ratio of woody root dry mass to woody root fresh volume.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mm3 milligram per cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass volume density ratio; proportion mass density, density
keyword	biomass allocation root system wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root tissue density (root dry mass per root volume) [TRY:82] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012119

Root to shoot ratio

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012120
alternative label	root_shoot_ratio
description	A whole plant morphology trait [TO:0000398] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of a plant’s root dry mass [TO:0000078] to its shoot dry mass [TO:0000552]. The ratio of total root system dry mass to total shoot system dry mass.
comments	This trait is usually measured on experimentally grown seedlings where it is possible to collect the entire root system.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg{root}/mg{shoot} milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	15
has broader	root morphology trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	root whole plant stem
measured characteristic	mass ratio; proportion ratio; proportion mass fraction mass density, density
keyword	biomass allocation root system
scope note
has exact match	root to shoot ratio
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root/shoot ratio [TRY:9] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Shoot:root ratio [BROT:22] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012120

Root dry matter content (RDMC)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012121
alternative label	root_dry_matter_content
description	A root mass trait [TO:0000279] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of root dry mass [TO:0000078] to root [PO:0009005] fresh mass [APD:glossary/40044]. The ratio of root dry mass to root fresh mass; root dry matter content, RDMC.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/g milligram per gram
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation root system fresh mass
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Root dry mass per root fresh mass (root dry matter content, RDMC) [TRY:785] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012121

Root mass fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012122
alternative label	root_mass_fraction
description	A root mass trait [TO:0000279] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the total root dry mass [TO:0000078] to whole plant [PO:0000003] dry mass [APD:glossary/40080]. The ratio of total root system dry mass to whole plant dry mass.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	root whole plant
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	biomass allocation whole plant dry mass root system
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant biomass and allometry: Root mass fraction (fraction of root dry mass per whole plant dry mass) [TRY:470] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: root dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012122

Root vascular anatomy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012123
alternative label	root_vascular_anatomy
description	A root system morphology trait [TO:0000985] which is the arrangement [NCIT:C61532] or type [NCIT:C25284] of the root [PO:0020127] vascular system [PO:0003011]. The arrangement or type of the root vascular system.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	root_vascular_anatomy_cord_roots A root anatomy found within three genera of Mirbelieae (Daviesia, Euchilopsis, Phyllota) wherein networks of interlinking vascular strands exist (Crisp 2003; Pate and Dixon 1996). root_vascular_anatomy_unistelar_roots The commonly observed root anatomy, wherein there is a single vascular strand which displays secondary thickening.
has broader	root morphology trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	volume 3-D extent size texture spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	root system root vascular cambium
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Cannon 1949
date created	03/06/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012123

Storage organ length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012151
alternative label	storage_organ_length
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of a plant’s storage organ [EFO:0000997], where a storage organ is a plant part (organ [PO:0009008], tissue [PO:0009007], or other plant structure [PO:0009011]) whose function [NCIT:C25518] is carbohydrate [CHEBI:16646] (energy [PATO:0001021]) storage. The length of an underground plant structure (tissues, organs, or other structures) where a plant stores excess carbohydrates (energy).
comments	This can be the length of any of the structures documented in the trait storage_organ and should be documented as an entity context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem morphology trait root morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	root stem
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	storage organ energy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012151

Storage organ diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012152
alternative label	storage_organ_diameter
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the diameter [PATO:0001334] of a plant’s storage organ [EFO:0000997], where a storage organ is a plant part (organ [PO:0009008], tissue [PO:0009007], or other plant structure [PO:0009011]) whose function [NCIT:C25518] is carbohydrate [CHEBI:16646] (energy [PATO:0001021]) storage. The width of an underground plant structure (tissues, organs, or other structures) where a plant stores excess carbohydrates (energy).
comments	This can be the length of any of the structures documented in the trait storage_organ and should be documented as an entity context.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	stem morphology trait root morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	root stem
measured characteristic	diameter size
keyword	storage organ energy
scope note
has exact match
has close match	tuberous root tuber diameter
has related match
examples	exact match: Belowground plant organ diameter [TRY:2550] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012152

Seed accessory cost fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012221
alternative label	accessory_cost_fraction
description	A reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082] biomass allocation [EnvThes:21360] trait which is one minus the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total plant seed [PO:0009010] dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] to total plant reproductive shoot system tissue dry mass where reproductive tissues include all flower buds [PO:0000056], flowers [PO:0009046], fruits [PO:0009001], dispersal [EnvThes:21038] tissues, and seeds produced during the developmental process involved in reproduction [GO:0003006]. The fraction of total reproductive investment required to mature a seed that is invested in non-seed tissues. It is calculated as one minus, the ratio of total biomass investment in seeds to total biomass investment in all reproductive tissues, including flower buds, flowers, fruits, dispersal tissues, aborted seeds, and successfully matured seeds.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg/mg milligram per milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	reproductive shoot system morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower fruit seed
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	biomass allocation reproduction accessory cost
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Plant biomass and allometry: Reproductive dry mass per plant dry mass (reproductive weight fraction) [TRY:1046] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Lord & Westoby 2006
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012221

Seed accessory cost mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012222
alternative label	accessory_cost_mass
description	A reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082] biomass allocation [EnvThes:21360] trait which is the sum of the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of all flower buds [PO:0000055], flowers [PO:0009046], fruits [PO:0009001], aborted seeds, and dispersal [EnvThes:21038] tissues produced during the developmental process involved in reproduction [GO:0003006], but excludes mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010] dry mass. The mass of seed accessory costs, which is the total biomass investment in all reproductive tissues, excluding biomass invested in successfully matured seeds; it includes all biomass invested in flower buds, flowers, fruits, dispersal tissues and aborted seeds.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	reproductive shoot system morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower fruit seed
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	biomass allocation reproduction accessory cost
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Lord & Westoby 2006
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012222

Bud length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012301
alternative label	bud_length
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of the bud [PO:0000055] from the base of the receptable [PO:0009064] or the base of an inferior ovary [PO:0009072] to the tip of the bud. Linear dimension from the base to the apex of a bud, even if this is not the longest dimension.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system bud
measured characteristic	length size
scope note
has exact match	reproduction corolla perianth
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	05/02/2024
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012301

Bud width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012302
alternative label	bud_width
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the width [PATO:0000921] of the bud [PO:0000055] from the base of the receptable [PO:0009064] or the base of an inferior ovary [PO:0009072] to the tip of the bud. Width is the greatest linear dimension [PATO:0001708] perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] to the bud length [PATO:0000122] Greatest linear width dimension of a bud, sometimes referred to as ‘diameter’ in buds where the width and height are identical; orthogonal to the bud length, the base-to-apex dimension.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system bud
measured characteristic	width size
scope note
has exact match	reproduction corolla perianth
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	05/02/2024
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012302

Buds per inflorescence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012351
alternative label	buds_per_inflorescence
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of buds [PO:0000055] in an inflorescence [PO:0009049], where an inflorescence can be either a single cluster of flowers or the entire reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082]. The count of buds in an inflorescence, where an inflorescence can be either a single cluster of flowers or the entire reproductive shoot system.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/{count}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system bud inflorescence
measured characteristic	has number of dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion count tolerance sensitivity
scope note
has exact match	reproduction reproductive shoot system inflorescence
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	05/02/2024
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012351

Inflorescence length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012352
alternative label	inflorescence_length
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the vertical [PATO:0001854] length [PATO:0000122] (height [PATO:0000119]) of the inflorescence [PO:0009049], where an inflorescence can be either a single cluster of flowers [PO:0009046] or the entire reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082]. The vertical length (height) of an inflorescence.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1500
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system bud inflorescence
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	floral organ morphology trait flower reproductive shoot system inflorescence morphology trait
scope note
has exact match	inflorescence length
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Inflorescence length (height) [TRY:2817] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012352

Inflorescence diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012353
alternative label	inflorescence_diameter
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the diameter [PATO:0001334] of the inflorescence [PO:0009049], where an inflorescence can be either a single cluster of flowers [PO:0009046] or the entire reproductive shoot system [PO:0025082]. The diameter (of greatest width dimension) of an inflorescence.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1500
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system bud inflorescence
measured characteristic	diameter size
keyword	floral organ morphology trait flower reproductive shoot system inflorescence morphology trait
scope note
has exact match	inflorescence diameter
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Inflorescence diameter [TRY:3587] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012353

Number of androecium parts in each whorl (Androecium structural merism)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012410
alternative label	flower_androecium_structural_merism
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the total count [NCIT:C25463] of stamens [PO:0009029], staminodes [PO:0009077] or stamen bundles (fascicles [NCIT:C79692]) in each floral whorl [PO:0025023]. The number of stamens or stamen bundles (fascicles) in one whorl, considering both fertile stamens and staminodes.
comments	This character is not applicable for spiral or irregular stamen arrangements, nor when there is a single structural stamen (i.e., one stamen, no staminodes; e.g., Chloranthus, Chloranthaceae). Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘332. Androecium structural merism (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen staminode fascicle merism whorl, floral whorl
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012410

Androecium structural phyllotaxis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012411
alternative label	flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the spatial pattern or distribution [PATO:0000060] (phyllotaxy [TO:0006014]) of stamen [PO:0009029], staminodes [PO:0009077] or stamen bundles (fascicles [NCIT:C79692]) in each floral whorl [PO:0025023]. Structural phyllotaxy of the androecium, considering both fertile stamens and staminodes. In cases of stamen fascicles, it is the phyllotaxis of fascicles, not individual stamens that are recorded.
comments	This character is not applicable when there is a single structural stamen (i.e., one stamen, no staminodes; e.g., Chloranthus, Chloranthaceae). Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘330. Androecium structural phyllotaxy (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_whorled Stamens and staminodes arranged in whorls. flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_spiral Stamens and staminodes have a spiral arrangement. flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_irregular Stamens and staminodes have an irregular arrangement.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	reproduction androecium phyllotaxy stamen staminode fascicle whorl, floral whorl
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012411

Number of androecium structural whorls

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012412
alternative label	flower_androecium_structural_whorls_count
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the total count [NCIT:C25463] of whorls [PO:0025023] comprising the androecium [PO:0009061], considering both stamen [PO:0009029] and staminodes [PO:0009077]. If stamens are grouped into fascicles [NCIT:C79692], the trait is the count of whorls of fascicles. The number of whorls, considering both fertile stamens and staminodes. In cases of stamen fascicles, the count of whorls of fascicles is recorded.
comments	This character is not applicable for spiral or irregular stamen arrangements, or when there is a single structural stamen (i.e., one stamen, no staminodes; e.g., Chloranthus, Chloranthaceae). Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘331. Number of androecium structural whorls (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen staminode fascicle merism whorl, floral whorl
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012412

Anther attachment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012413
alternative label	flower_anther_attachment
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which indicates how the filament [PO:0009067] is attached to [PATO:0001667] the tissue [CARO:0000043] connecting the two thecae [PO:0009069] (pollen [PO:0025281] sacs) of the anthers [PO:0009066], affecting the spatial pattern [PATO:0000060] of the stamens [PO:0009029]. Anther attachment refers to the area of insertion of the filament on the anther connective (i.e. the tissue connecting the two thecae of an anther).
comments	Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘312. Anther attachment (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_anther_attachment_basifixed Filament attached to the base of the connective. Laminar stamens are classified as basifixed. flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther. flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed_at_base Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther, at the base. flower_anther_attachment_ventrifixed Filament attached to the ventral side of the anther.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen connective anther theca filament
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	anther attachment quality
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012413

Connective extension (apical)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012414
alternative label	flower_anther_connective_extension
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is whether anthers [PO:0009066] have protrusions [NCIT:C50710] that extend above the two theca [PO:0009069] (pollen [PO:0025281] sacs), and, if present, the shape [PATO:0000052] and the relative length [PATO:0000122] of the protrusion relative to the length of the entire anther. Apical (distal) connective extensions (also called ‘distal connective protrusions’) are sterile anther structures that distally extend beyond the level of the thecae (i.e., the two lateral pairs of pollen sacs of a tetrasporangiate anther).
comments	This trait records both absence or presence of anther connective extensions and also the shape of these extensions in terms of length in relation to the length of the thecae. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘314. Connective extension (apical) (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_anther_connective_extension_absent Apical connective extensions are lacking. flower_anther_connective_extension_short_extension Connective extension less than a third of the length of anther. flower_anther_connective_extension_long_extension Connective extension more than a third but less than length of anther; e.g. Idiospermum australiense. flower_anther_connective_extension_very_long_extension Connective extension more than length of anther; e.g. Galbulimima belgraveana. flower_anther_connective_extension_present_general Apical connective extensions are present but no information on their length relative to the anthers.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	structure shape length
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen connective anther theca
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012414

Anther dehiscence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012415
alternative label	flower_anther_dehiscence
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the length [PATO:0000122] and shape [PATO:0000052] of the stomia [PO:0020101] that form the anther dehiscence zone [PO:0005011]; stomia are the usually slit-like [PATO:0002482] openings in the anther [PO:0009066] through which pollen [PO:0025281] is released. Anther dehiscence refers to the type of opening of the anther when releasing its pollen through the stomia.
comments	Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘313. Anther dehiscence (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_anther_dehiscence_longitudinal_slit Anther with longitudinal slits that extend along the entire length of each theca. flower_anther_dehiscence_poricidal Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete, with pollen exiting via a small pore at the tip. flower_anther_dehiscence_pores_many Anther with pollen exiting from many pores along its length. flower_anther_dehiscence_h_valvate Anther with two valves on longitudinal hinges, opening horizontally as salon doors; when the stomium bifurcates at its distal and/or proximal end and thus a valve is formed. flower_anther_dehiscence_flap_valvate Anther with one or more flap-like valves on horizontal hinges, opening vertically. flower_anther_dehiscence_transverse_slit Anther with horizontal slit. flower_anther_dehiscence_short_basal_slits Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the base of the theca. flower_anther_dehiscence_short_central_slits Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the center of the theca. flower_anther_dehiscence_short_apical_slits Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the apical end of the theca. flower_anther_dehiscence_t_valvate Anther with T-shaped stomium; reduced transverse slit at base. flower_anther_dehiscence_common_stomium_confluent_thecae The two thecae of a single anther are fused at one end with a single pore through which pollen exits. flower_anther_dehiscence_circular Anther with a transverse slit that goes entirely around the anther.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	structure shape length
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen stomium anther dehiscence zone
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012415

Anther orientation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012416
alternative label	flower_anther_orientation
description	An androecium morphology trait [TO:0000994] which is the position [PATO:0000140] and orientation [PATO:0000133] of the stomia [PO:0020101] that form the anther dehiscence zone [PO:0005011]; stomia are the slit-like [PATO:0002482] openings in the anther [PO:0009066] through which pollen [PO:0025281] is released. Orientation of anther at anthesis.
comments	Anthers of angiosperms are rather uniform in their basic structure. They normally have four microsporangia (pollen sacs) that are arranged pair-wise in two thecae. The two microsporangia of a theca usually release their pollen grains through a common opening (stomium). Often, it is difficult to establish anther orientation clearly in a flower as this is a gradual feature with many intermediate stages. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘311. Anther orientation (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_anther_orientation_apical When thecae are positioned in a transverse position at the tip of the connective and thus dehisce upward in the flower (e.g., Sinofranchetia, Endress and Hufford, 1989). flower_anther_orientation_extrorse When the stomia of the thecae face the floral periphery. flower_anther_orientation_introrse When the stomia of the thecae face the floral centre. flower_anther_orientation_latrorse When pollen is released toward the side (i.e., toward neighbouring anthers).
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation position
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen stomium anther dehiscence zone
scope note
has exact match
has close match	anther orientation
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012416

Flower colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012417
alternative label	flower_colour
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the dominant (primary [NCIT:C25251]) colour [PATO:0000014] of the flower [PO:0009046. The petals [PO:0009032] (corolla [PO:0009059]), sepals [PO:0009031] (calyx [PO:0009060]), or the entire perianth [PO:0009058] may be responsible for the main colour observed. The dominant flower colour, where the entire flower, the petals, or the sepals may be responsible for the observed colour.
comments	Most data mapped to flower_colour has probably been scored based on perianth colour, but if a dataset does not differentiate between the two traits it is mapped to flower_colour.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_colour_blue_purple Flower colour is blue or purple. flower_colour_green Flower colour is green. flower_colour_pink Flower colour is pink. flower_colour_red_brown Flower colour is red or brown. flower_colour_white_cream Flower colour is white or cream. flower_colour_yellow_orange Flower colour is yellow or orange. flower_colour_grey Flower colour is grey. flower_colour_black Flower colour is black.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	reproduction petal corolla sepal calyx perianth
scope note
has exact match	flower color
has close match	corolla color
has related match
examples	exact match: Flower color [TOP242] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Flower color [TRY:207] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Flower_colour [GIFT:3.21.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: flower color [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012417

Perianth colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012418
alternative label	perianth_colour
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the dominant (primary [NCIT:C25251]) colour [PATO:0000014] of the perianth [PO:0009058] parts (sepals [PO:0009031], petals [PO:0009032], and tepals [PO:0009033]). The dominant colour of the perianth parts (sepals, petals and tepals).
comments	This trait refers explicitly to the colour of the petals, sepals and tepals, while the trait ‘flower colour’ refers to the colour of the entire flower. See also data under flower_colour. Most data mapped to flower_colour has probably been scored based on perianth colour, but if a dataset does not differentiate between the two traits it is mapped to flower_colour.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	perianth_colour_white Perianth colour is white. perianth_colour_yellow Perianth colour is yellow. perianth_colour_orange Perianth colour is orange. perianth_colour_red Perianth colour is red. perianth_colour_pink Perianth colour is pink. perianth_colour_purple Perianth colour is purple. perianth_colour_blue Perianth colour is blue. perianth_colour_green Perianth colour is green. perianth_colour_grey Perianth colour is grey. perianth_colour_brown Perianth colour is brown. perianth_colour_black Perianth colour is black.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	reproduction petal corolla sepal calyx perianth
scope note
has exact match
has close match	corolla color
has related match
examples	exact match: Flower color [TOP242] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Flower color [TRY:207] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Flower_colour [GIFT:3.21.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: flower color [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012418

Flower length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012419
alternative label	flower_length
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of the flower [PO:0009046] from the base of the receptable [PO:0009064] or the base of an inferior ovary [PO:0009072] to the tip of the flower, measured at anthesis [PO:0009068]. It excludes the length of the pedicel [PO:0030112]. The length of the flower.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	length
keyword	reproduction petal corolla sepal calyx perianth
scope note
has exact match	flower length
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012419

Flower diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012420
alternative label	flower_diameter
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the maximum diameter [PATO:0001334] of the flower [PO:0009046] at anthesis [PO:0009068], considering all floral organs, but most commonly the diameter from petal [PO:0009032] tip to petal tip. The maximum diameter of the flower at anthesis, considering all floral organs, but most commonly the diameter from petal tip to petal tip.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	diameter
keyword	reproduction petal corolla sepal calyx perianth
scope note
has exact match	flower diameter
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012420

Floral orientation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012421
alternative label	flower_orientation
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the position [PATO:0000140] and orientation [PATO:0000133] of the flower [PO:0009046]. The position and orientation of the flower.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_orientation_up Flower orientation is vertical, with the floral entrance pointing up. flower_orientation_lateral Flower orientation is horizontal, with the floral entrance perpendicular to main vertical axis. flower_orientation_down Flower orientation is pendant, with the floral entrance pointing down. flower_orientation_mixed Flower orientation is mixed, with different flowers exhibiting different orientations.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation position
keyword	reproduction petal corolla sepal calyx perianth
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012421

Maximum flower number

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012422
alternative label	flower_count_maximum
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] count [NCIT:C25463] of flowers [PO:0009046] on an individual [EFO:0000542]. Maximum flower number produced.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count maximum
keyword	reproduction perianth corolla
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Flower number per plant [TRY:2999] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012422

Number of fertile stamens

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012431
alternative label	flower_fertile_stamens_count
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of fertile [PATO:0000955] stamens [PO:0009029] on a hermaphrodite [PATO:0001340] flower [PO:0009046] or male [PATO:0000384] flower. Count of fertile stamens in bisexual or male flowers; does not score female flowers.
comments	Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘301. Number of fertile stamens (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen
scope note	male or hermaphroditic flowers
has exact match	stamen number
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012431

Filament presence and shape

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012432
alternative label	flower_filament
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is whether a filament [PO:0009067] is present [PATO:0000467] or absent [PATO:0000462], and if present, the shape [PATO:0000052] and the relative length [PATO:0000122], width [PATO:0000921], and thickness [PATO:0000915] of the filament. Trait that considers the absence or presence of the filament, and in the latter case, the shape of the filament. Shape is considered in terms of length and width and is defined in relation to anther length/width.
comments	The width of the filament may thus either be broad as in laminar (e.g., Eupomatiaceae) or bulky stamens (e.g., Chloranthaceae), or narrow (filamentous) as found in many core eudicots groups (e.g., Rosaceae). This trait is considered inapplicable when filaments are entirely fused with each other or to the perianth. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘305. Filament (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_filament_absent No filaments present flower_filament_present_general Filaments present, with no specific defining characteristics. flower_filament_long_and_narrow Filaments have a long and narrow shape. (Synonyms, filiform, slender) flower_filament_short_and_narrow Filaments have a short and narrow shape; subsessile anthers. flower_filament_long_and_wide Filaments have a long and wide laminar shape. flower_filament_short_and_wide Filaments have a short and wide laminar shape. flower_filament_long_and_very_wide Filaments have a long and very wide shape; for instance, the petal-like (outer) stamens of Nymphaea. flower_filament_petaloid Filaments are long and wide and colorful, e.g. Canna. flower_filament_fused_into_synandrium Filament structure formed when stamens fused together. flower_filament_fused_into_fascicle_stalks Special case where the stamens are fused into the stalk of a fascicle of flowers. flower_filament_long_and_narrow_divided_in_two Filaments have a long and narrow shape that is divided in two; e.g. Adoxa. flower_filament_short_general Filament is short relative to the anther.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	shape structure
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen filament anther
scope note	inapplicable when filaments are entirely fused with each other or to the perianth
has exact match
has close match	filament 2-D shape
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012432

Fusion of filaments

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012433
alternative label	flower_filament_fusion
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of the length [PATO:0000122] of the stamen [PO:0009029] (or staminode [PO:0009077]) filaments [PO:0009067] that is fused [NCIT:C124537] together at anthesis [PO:0009068]. Fusion of stamen (and staminode) filaments among each other at anthesis (congenitally or postgenitally) is recorded on a continuous scale, from 0 (free filaments) to 1 (filaments fused along their entire length).
comments	Partial fusion is recorded using an approximate number between these two extremes (e.g., 0.1 corresponds to basal fusion, 0.5 to fusion along half of the length of filaments). Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘306. Fusion of filaments (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen filament connective staminode
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	filament attached to
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012433

Fusion of filaments to inner perianth series

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012434
alternative label	flower_filament_fusion_to_inner_perianth
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of the length [PATO:0000122] of the stamen [PO:0009029] (or staminode [PO:0009077]) filaments [PO:0009067] that are fused [NCIT:C124537] to the innermost perianth [PO:0009058] organ [PO:0009008] at anthesis [PO:0009068]. The fusion of filaments with the innermost perianth organs at anthesis on a continuous scale, from 0 (filaments completely free from perianth) to 1 (filaments fused along their entire length with the perianth; the ‘entire length’ of the filament is defined as the distance between the floral base and the joint between filament and anther).
comments	Partial fusion is recorded using an approximate number between these two extremes (e.g., 0.1 corresponds to basal fusion, 0.5 to fusion along half of the length of perianth parts). If two (or more) stamen whorls (including staminodial whorls) differ in their extent of filament fusion with the perianth, this trait is recorded as a range of values. For example, if the filaments of an outermost stamen whorl are fused, up to 90% of their length, but an inner whorl only up to 50%, the trait is assigned a range of 0.5 to 0.9. The rationale for this is to provide a general trait that allows comparison of fusion among all angiosperms. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘308. Fusion of filaments to inner perianth series (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen filament connective staminode perianth
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	filament attached to
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012434

Gynoecium phyllotaxis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012441
alternative label	flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis
description	A gynoecium [PO:0009062] morphology trait which is either the count [NCIT:C25463] of whorls [PO:0025023] of carpels [PO:0009030] comprising the gynoecium or other descriptors of carpel phyllotaxy [TO:0006014]. Structural phyllotaxy of the gynoecium.
comments	This trait is not applicable to unicarpellate flowers. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘400. Gynoecium phyllotaxy (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_one_whorl Flowers with a single whorl of carpels. flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_two_or_more_whorls Flowers with two or more whorls of carpels. flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_spiral Flowers with carpels in a spiral arrangement.
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation structure has number of count
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel whorl, floral whorl phyllotaxy
scope note	Not applicable to unicarpellate flowers
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012441

Placentation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012442
alternative label	flower_gynoecium_placentation
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the position [PATO:0000140] of the ovules [PO:0020003] within the ovary [PO:0009072], known as placentation [APD:glossary/40074]. The different types of placentation in apocarpous/unicarpellate and in syncarpous gynoecia.
comments	In apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia, placentation is often described as marginal as the ovules are usually attached along the ventral slit (i.e., the zone where the carpel margins become postgenitally closed during carpel development). In syncarpous gynoecia there are three main types of placentation, 1) axile placentation refers to ovaries where the ovules are placed in the angle between carpel flanks in the center of the ovary; 2) in ovaries with parietal placentation the ovules attach to the ovary wall where two carpels meet; 3) in ovaries with free-central placentation the ovules are attached to a central column that emerges from the base of the ovary and protrudes into the non-septate ovary. It is not unusual that syncarpous gynoecia show a transition from proximally axile to a distally parietal placentation (e.g., Polemoniaceae). Basal and apical placentation may occur both in apocarpous/unicarpellate and in syncarpous gynoecia. Usually there is one longitudinal series of ovules attached to each carpel margin. However, both in apocarpous/unicarpellate and in syncarpous gynoecia there may be more than one series of ovules at the flanks of a carpel. These latter cases are referred to as laminar (or laminar-diffuse) placentation (e.g., in some Nymphaeaceae). A placenta that is protruding from its surroundings and has more than two series of ovules (either axile or parietal) is called protruding-diffuse. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘412. Placentation (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_gynoecium_placentation_axile Ovules are placed in the angle between carpel flanks in the center of the ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_apical Ovules attach at the top of the ovary; pendulous; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_basal Ovules attach at the base of the ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_parietal Ovules attach to the ovary wall where two carpels meet; in syncarpous gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_marginal Ovules attach along the ventral slit; in apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_free_central Ovules are attached to a central column that emerges from the base of the ovary and protrudes into the non-septate ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia. flower_gynoecium_placentation_laminar When there is more than one series of ovules at the flanks of a carpel; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia.
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	structure spatial pattern, distribution position
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel plant ovary placentation plant ovule
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012442

Fusion of ovaries

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012443
alternative label	flower_ovary_fusion
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which, for flowers with multiple carpels, is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of the length [PATO:0000122] of the ovaries [PO:0009072] that are fused [NCIT:C124537] together. Degree of ovary fusion expressed as a fraction of the total length of the ovary (from the floral base to the apex of the ovary).
comments	Fusion of styles and stigmas is not taken into account for this trait. Not applicable when there is a single carpel. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘403. Fusion of ovaries (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion structure
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel plant ovary
scope note	Not applicable when there is a single carpel.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012443

Ovary position

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012444
alternative label	flower_ovary_position
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the position [PATO:0000140] of the plant ovary [PO:0009072] relative to the other flower [PO:0009046] organs [PO:0009008], in particular whether the ovary is attached above or below the perianth [PO:0009058] organs (the petals [PO:0009032] and sepals [PO:0009031]). The position of the flower ovary relative to the insertion level of the remaining floral organs.
comments	The ovary is the part of the gynoecium where the ovules are produced. The ovary may be located on the receptacle and thus be positioned above the insertion level of the remaining floral organs (i.e., the ovary is superior and the flower is hypogynous). Alternatively, the ovary may be embedded in the receptacle and therefore be located below the insertion level of the remaining floral organs (i.e., the ovary is inferior and the flower is epigynous). Flowers with a hypanthium may either have a superior ovary (perigyny; e.g., many Rosaceae) or an inferior ovary (epiperigyny). It is also possible that the ovary is inferior to a certain degree only, such as half-inferior, if the receptacle is surrounding the ovary to its mid-level. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘102. Ovary position (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_ovary_position_inferior Flower with inferior ovary, where the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and therefore located below the insertion level of the remaining floral organs. flower_ovary_position_superior Flower with superior ovary, where the ovary is positioned above the insertion level of the remaining floral organs. flower_ovary_position_half_inferior Flower where the receptacle is surrounded by the ovary to its mid-level. flower_ovary_position_one_quarter_inferior Flower where the receptacle surrounds up to one quarter of the ovary. flower_ovary_position_three_quarters_inferior Flower where the receptacle surrounds more than three quarters of the ovary.
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation position
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel plant ovary perianth
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012444

Number of ovules per functional carpel

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012445
alternative label	flower_ovules_per_functional_carpel_count
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of ovules [PO:0020003] per fertile [PATO:0000955] carpel [PO:0009030]. Number of ovules per carpel recorded as a continuous character (with integer values of 1 and above).
comments	Reduced (sterile) carpels are not taken into account here. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘411. Number of ovules per functional carpel (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel plant ovary plant ovule
scope note	Only applicable to fertile carpels.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012445

Perianth differentiation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012461
alternative label	flower_perianth_differentiation
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which indicates whether petals [PO:0009032] and sepals [PO:0009031] are differentiated or identical and the various ways they can be identical or different. The ways in which perianth organs may look different from each other in a given flower.
comments	Typically, outer perianth parts are sepaloid and protect the other floral organs during floral development, while inner organs are often petaloid and play a role in pollinator attraction (Endress, 1994). However, it is also possible that all parts are either sepaloid or petaloid but remain differentiated in shape, size, and/or texture. In case of spiral perianths, differentiation may be continuous (i.e., gradual), whereby two successively initiated organs are very similar or only slightly different, while the outermost and innermost organs at both ends of the spiral are very different from each other (e.g., Chimonanthus). In the special case of perianths consisting of a single whorl, they are scored as undifferentiated. This perianth differentiation trait may be seen as both functional (the parting vs. sharing of functions among perianth parts) and developmental (the expression of a genetic program for different forms of perianth parts vs. a single program for a single type of perianth part morphology). Within-whorl differentiation, whereby organs of the same whorl take different forms, is common in zygomorphic flowers (e.g., Balsaminaceae, Fabaceae, Orchidaceae) but is not taken into account with this trait. This trait is not applicable when the perianth is absent. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘234. Perianth differentiation (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_perianth_differentiation_undifferentiated Flower were all tepals are alike, including flowers with a single, undifferentiated whorl. flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid A typical flower with a distinct calyx and corolla. flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals A flower with tepals that all resemble petals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals. flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals A flower with tepals that all resemble sepals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals. flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation A flower with marked differentiation between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals. flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid A flower with multiple whorls, where there is continuous differentiation between the outer sepaloid parts and the inner petaloid parts. flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals A flower with series of tepals that all resemble petals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls. flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals A flower with series of tepals that all resemble sepals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls. flower_perianth_differentiation_weak_differentiation A flower with weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals. flower_perianth_differentiation_very_weak_differentiation A flower with very weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	structure shape
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx
scope note	Not applicable when the perianth is absent
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012461

Fusion of perianth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012462
alternative label	flower_perianth_fusion
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of the length [PATO:0000122] of perianth [PO:0009058] parts (sepals [PO:0009031], petals [PO:0009032], and tepals [PO:0009033]) that are fused [NCIT:C124537] together at anthesis [PO:0009068]. Fusion of perianth organs (congenital or postgenital) at anthesis, recorded on a continuous scale, from 0 (free parts) to 1 (parts fused along their entire length).
comments	Partial fusion was recorded using an approximate number between these two extremes (e.g., 0.1 corresponds to basal fusion, 0.5 to fusion along half of the length of perianth parts). In case of multiple whorls, this trait records within-whorl fusion. For example, if organs within each whorl are fused along their entire length, a trait value of 1 is recorded. In cases where organs of two whorls are fused into a common tubular structure, such as frequently observed in monocots (e.g., Polygonatum), the perianth is considered to be fused. If the two (or more) whorls differed in their extent of fusion, a range of trait values may be recorded. For example, if the calyx is only basally fused, up to 10% of its length, but the corolla is entirely fused, a range of 0.1 to 1 is recorded as the trait value for the species. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘204. Fusion of perianth (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion structure
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012462

Number of perianth parts in each whorl (Perianth merism)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012463
alternative label	flower_perianth_merism
description	A perianth morphology trait [TO:0000275] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of perianth [PO:0009058] parts (sepals [PO:0009031], petals [PO:0009032], and tepals [PO:0009033]) in each floral whorl [PO:0025023]. The number of perianth parts in each whorl, recorded as a continuous trait (with integer values of 1 and above).
comments	Not applicable when perianth phyllotaxis is spiral or irregular or when the perianth is absent. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘232. Perianth merism (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count orientation
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx merism whorl, floral whorl
scope note	Not applicable when perianth phyllotaxis is spiral or irregular or when the perianth is absent.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012463

Number of perianth parts

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012464
alternative label	flower_perianth_parts_count
description	A perianth morphology trait [TO:0000275] which is the total count [NCIT:C25463] of perianth [PO:0009058] parts, including sepals [PO:0009031], petals [PO:0009032], and any form of tepal [PO:0009033]. The total number of perianth parts, including sepals, petals, or any form of tepal.
comments	A value of zero was scored when the perianth is absent. In flowers with perianth whorls fused along their complete length (e.g., Convolvulus), perianth parts are counted based on merism (e.g., if a calyx has 5 distinct sepals and the corolla is entirely fused, then the corolla is often interpreted to consist of five fused petals), anatomy (e.g., number of vascular traces), development (e.g., number of primordia), or comparison with closely related taxa. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘201. Number of perianth parts (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx
scope note
has exact match	tepal number
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012464

Perianth phyllotaxis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012465
alternative label	flower_perianth_phyllotaxis
description	A perianth morphology trait [TO:0000275] which is the phyllotaxy [TO:0006014] of the perianth [PO:0009058] parts (petals [PO:0009032], sepals [PO:0009031], and tepals [PO:0009033]), at anthesis [PO:0009068] Perianth phyllotaxis at anthesis.
comments	Perianth parts may be organised in one or more whorls or along a continuous spiral, usually with wide divergence angles more or less equal to 137.5 degrees. Less frequently, perianth phyllotaxis may be irregular. Perianth phyllotaxis at anthesis may differ from phyllotaxis of perianth part primordia at their inception and it is not uncommon that spirally initiated perianths become whorled later through development. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘230. Perianth phyllotaxy (D1)’, with more information of differentiating between trait values in this manuscript.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_irregular Perianth parts lacking any symmetrical organisation. flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_spiral Perianth parts organised along a continuous spiral, usually with wide divergence angles more or less equal to 137.5 degrees, the Fibonacci ‘golden angle’. flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_whorled Perianth parts organised in one or more whorls.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution orientation
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx whorl, floral whorl phyllotaxy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012465

Symmetry of perianth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012466
alternative label	flower_perianth_symmetry
description	A perianth morphology trait [TO:0000275] which is the symmetry [PATO:0000965] of the perianth [PO:0009058] (petals [PO:0009032], sepals [PO:0009031], and tepals [PO:0009033]), whereby a perianth is only considered actinomorphic [PATO:0001328] if all perianth whorls [PO:0025023] are actinomorphic. Trait capturing the symmetry of the perianth.
comments	This trait is applied to the perianth as a whole. In case of flowers with two or more perianth whorls, species are considered actinomorphic if all whorls are actinomorphic and as zygomorphic if one or more whorls are zygomorphic. Trait is not applicable when the perianth is missing. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘207. Symmetry of perianth (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_general Perianth displaying radial symmetry. flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_rotational Perianth that can be equally divided into three or more identical sections that, when rotated around the center of the flower by some number of degrees, exactly match each other in orientation and shape. flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric Polysymmetry, with three or more planes of bilateral symmetry. flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_spiral Perianth lacking a distinct plane of symmetry because their perianth parts are spirally arranged. flower_perianth_symmetry_asymmetric Perianth lacking any planes of symmetry. flower_perianth_symmetry_disymmetric Perianth with two orthogonal planes of bilateral symmetry. flower_perianth_symmetry_zygomorphic Monosymmetric, with a single plane of bilateral symmetry.
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	spatial pattern, distribution symmetry orientation
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx whorl, floral whorl
scope note	Not applicable when the perianth is missing
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012466

Number of perianth whorls

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012467
alternative label	flower_perianth_whorls_count
description	A perianth morphology trait [TO:0000275] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of floral whorls [PO:0025023] that comprise the perianth [PO:0009058] (petals [PO:0009032], sepals [PO:0009031], and tepals [PO:0009033]). The number of perianth whorls as a continuous trait (with integer values of 1 and above).
comments	Not applicable when perianth phyllotaxis is spiral or irregular or when the perianth is absent. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘231. Number of perianth whorls (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	15
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction perianth sepal petal corolla calyx whorl, floral whorl
scope note	Not applicable when perianth phyllotaxis is spiral or irregular or when the perianth is absent.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012467

Pollen grain aperture shape

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012471
alternative label	flower_pollen_aperture_shape
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the shape [PATO:0000052], structure [PATO:0000141], and position [PATO:0000140] of the pollen grain [PO:0025281] apertures [GO:0062074]. Pollen grains are often described according to the shape, structure, and position of their apertures. This trait describes the main shape of the many described aperture types.
comments	Aperture terminology is partly determined by the position of the aperture on the pollen grain (either at the pole or at the equator) and pollen grain polarity, in turn, is determined by the spatial orientation of the microspore in the meiotic tetrad. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘5002. Aperture shape (D1)’’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_absent Pollen that lacks an aperture. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colporus Pollen aperture shape that combines the groove of colpate and the pore of porate apertures. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colpus Pollen aperture shape is elongate and grooved and may be positioned globally or equatorially. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_pore Pollen aperture shape is round and pore-like and may be positioned globally or equatorially. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ring_like Aperture that completely encircles the pollen. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_spiraperturate Pollen grain with one or more spiral apertures. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_sulcus Pollen aperture shape is elongate and grooved and positioned at the pole. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_syncolpus Pollen grain with two or more simple (or compound) colpi, the ends of which join at the pole. flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ulcus Pollen aperture shape is round and pore-like and positioned at the pole.
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	shape structure position spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen aperture pollen pollen tube anther theca
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012471

Number of pollen grain apertures

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012472
alternative label	flower_pollen_apertures_count
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of pollen apertures [GO:0062074] per pollen [PO:0025281] grain. The number of apertures per pollen grain as a continuous character.
comments	A pollen aperture is a structurally delimited region of the pollen grain wall through which the pollen tube emerges during pollen germination and which plays a role in harmomegathy. A value of zero is scored when pollen is inaperturate (i.e. when there is no distinct aperture). Aperturate pollen is scored with integer values of 1 and above. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘5000. Number of apertures (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction androecium stamen anther pollen aperture pollen pollen tube anther theca
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012472

Pollen grain length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012473
alternative label	flower_pollen_length
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of a pollen [PO:0025281] grain. The largest dimension of the pollen grain.
comments	Palynologists typically describe pollen dimensions (and shape) using two measures, the polar axis (P) and the total breadth or diameter of the equatorial axis. Here we use P or E or another measure, whichever is the longest.
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	androecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	length
keyword	reproduction pollen
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012473

Number of structural carpels

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012481
alternative label	flower_structural_carpels_count
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of both fertile [PATO:0000955] and female sterile [PATO:0000892] carpels [PO:0009030] in a hermaphrodite [PATO:0001340] flower [PO:0009046] or female [PATO:0000383] flower. Number of fertile or sterile carpels in bisexual or female flowers, recorded as a continuous character (with integer values of 1 and above).
comments	Includes the number of co-occurring carpellodes (sterile carpels) because this number is often more easily obtained from the literature than the actual number of fertile carpels. However, the number of carpellodes in male flowers is ignored for this character. In multicarpellate, unilocular gynoecia with complete carpel fusion up to the stigma (e.g., Primula), it may be difficult to assess the number of carpels unequivocally. In such cases, the number of carpels is scored only if it is well established based on atomical or developmental investigations. Similarly, in gynoecia where one or more carpels are reduced (e.g., in the pseudomonomerous gynoecia of some Arecaceae, Stauffer et al., 2002), the total number of structural carpels is only scored when unequivocally determined in the literature. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘401. Number of structural carpels (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	reproduction gynoecium carpel
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012481

Floral structural sex

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012482
alternative label	flower_structural_sex_type
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the phenotypic sex [PATO:0001894] of a flower [PO:0009046], indicating whether individual flowers have both male [PATO:0000384] and female [PATO:0000383] reproductive structures [UBERON:0005156] (bisexual) or only one type of reproductive organ (unisexual). Trait that captures floral sex, distinguishing among three states, bisexual, incompletely unisexual, and unisexual.
comments	Defined by Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘100. Floral structural sex (D1)’. See the trait ‘sex_type’ for plant sex type.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_structural_sex_type_bisexual Hermaphrodite; flowers with both male and female reproductive organs. flower_structural_sex_type_incompletely_unisexual Male flowers with pistillodes and/or female flowers with staminodes. flower_structural_sex_type_unisexual Flowers with either male or female reproductive organs.
has broader	floral organ morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	structure organismal quality
keyword	reproduction phenotypic sex perianth corolla hermaphrodite
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012482

Style differentiation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012483
alternative label	flower_style_differentiation
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is whether a style [PO:0006469] is present [PATO:0000467] or absent [PATO:0000462], and if present, the shape [PATO:0000052] and the length [PATO:0000122], width [PATO:0000921], and thickness [PATO:0000915] of the style relative to the dimensions of the ovary [PO:0009072]. Presence or absence of a style, and, when present, the shape of the style in terms of length and width in relation to ovary length and width.
comments	This trait does not distinguish between fused or free styles. Definition and trait values derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘404. Style differentiation (D1)’
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flower_style_differentiation_absent Stigma sessile. flower_style_differentiation_present_length_and_shape_unknown Style present but shape unknown. flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_thick Style present, and short and thick. flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_narrow Style present, and short and narrow, including short filiform styles. flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_wide Style present, and long and wide. flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_narrow Style present, and long and narrow, including long filiform styles. flower_style_differentiation_present_petaloid Style present and petaloid. flower_style_differentiation_continuous When the style is an apical extension of carpel with decurrent stigma.
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	shape amount (presence or absence in organism 2-D extent structure
keyword	reproduction gynoecium style plant ovary carpel
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012483

Fusion of styles

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012484
alternative label	flower_style_fusion
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of the length [PATO:0000122] of styles [PO:0006469] that are fused [NCIT:C124537] together. The degree of fusion of styles at anthesis, recorded on a continuous scale, from 0 (free styles) to 1 (styles fused along their entire length, but excluding the stigmatic region).
comments	Partial fusion is recorded using an approximate number between these two extremes (e.g., 0.1 corresponds to basal fusion, 0.5 to fusion along half of the total length of the styles). This character is not applicable in unicarpellate flowers. Definition derived from Schoenenberger et al. (2020) for their character ‘406. Fusion of styles (C1)’
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	gynoecium morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion structure
keyword	reproduction gynoecium style carpel
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Schönenberger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	24/05/2023
reviewed by	Hervé Sauquet
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012484

Petal length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012485
alternative label	flower_petal_length
description	A floral organ morphology trait [TO:0000862] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of a petal [PO_0009032]. The length of an individual flower petal.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	perianth morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	reproduction petal corolla perianth petal morphology trait
scope note	applicable to flowering plants
has exact match	petal length
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Flower petal length [TRY:3576] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012485

Fruit dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012511
alternative label	fruit_dry_mass
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of a fruit [PO:0009001], including seeds [PO:0009010]. Fruit dry mass, including seeds. Fruits will generally be oven-dried.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	fruit dry weight
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit dry mass [TOP112] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Fruit dry mass [TRY:919] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit dry mass [BROT:25] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012511

Fruit length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012512
alternative label	fruit_length
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of a fresh [EnvThes:21976] fruit [PO:0009001] from the fruit proximal end [PO:0008002] (base) to the fruit distal end [PO:0008001] (apex). Linear dimension from the base to the apex of a fresh fruit, even if this is not the longest dimension.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	fruit length
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit length [TOP92] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Fruit length [TRY:918] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit length [GIFT:3.13] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: maximum fruit length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: minimum fruit length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: AverageFruitLength_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) exact match: MinFruitLength_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) exact match: MaxFruitLength_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012512

Fruit width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012513
alternative label	fruit_width
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the width [PATO:0000921] of a fresh [EnvThes:21976] fruit [PO:0009001], where width is the greatest linear dimension [PATO:0001708] perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] to the fruit length [PATO:0000122] and fruit height [PATO:0000119]. Greatest linear width dimension of a fresh fruit, sometimes referred to as ‘diameter’ in fruits where the width and height are identical; orthogonal to the fruit length, the base-to-apex dimension.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	fruit width
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit width [TOP96] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Fruit width (diameter) [TRY:917] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit width [GIFT:3.14] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: AverageFruitWidth_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) exact match: MinFruitWidth_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) exact match: MaxFruitWidth_cm [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012513

Fruit breadth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012514
alternative label	fruit_height
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the height [PATO:0000119] of a fresh [EnvThes:21976] fruit [PO:0009001], where height is the shorter linear width dimension [PATO:0001708] perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] both the fruit length [PATO:0000122] and fruit width [PATO:0000921]. Shorter linear width dimension of a fresh fruit and generally not reported in fruits where the width and height are identical; orthogonal to the length, the base-to-apex dimension.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	height size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit thickness [TOP100] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Fruit height [GIFT:3.15] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	fruit_breadth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012514

Fruit wall thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012515
alternative label	fruit_wall_thickness
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of the entire pericarp [PO:0009084] (the exocarp [PO:0009085], mesocarp [PO:0009087], and endocarp [PO:0009086] combined), although it often refers just to the fleshy [PATO:0002351] components of the pericarp (most frequently the exocarp and mesocarp). Fruit wall thickness of a mature fresh fruit. This term sometimes applies explicitly to the entire pericarp (exocarp + mesocarp + endocarp), but more frequently will have a functional meaning, referring to the outer fleshy layer which might be just some components of the peripcarp (most frequently the exocarp and mesocarp).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	thickness
keyword	reproduction pericarp exocarp mesocarp endocarp
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	fruit_wall_width
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012515

Fruit type

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012516
alternative label	fruit_type
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the botanical classification [NCIT:C25161] or type [NCIT:C25284] of a fruit [PO:0009001]. Botanical fruit type classification.
comments	Although this trait is explicitly for fruit types, it includes a single term strobilus to describe the ‘fruiting body’ of non-flowering plants.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fruit_type_achene A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed that is attached to the pericarp at one point only. (Synonyms, cypsela) fruit_type_anthocarp A ripened ovary surrounded by attached accessory floral tissues; the floral tissues may be fleshy or dry. (Synonyms, accessory_fruit, pseudocarp, diclesium) fruit_type_berry A simple, indehiscent fruit with one to many seeds embedded in a fleshy pericarp. fruit_type_capsule A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of two or more united carpels; different types of capsules distinguished by type of dehiscence (e.g. valves, slits, pores). fruit_type_caryopsis A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed which is fused to the pericarp at one point only; the fruit type of all Poaceae (Synonyms, grain) fruit_type_compound_fruit_other A fruit derived from more than one flower. (Synonyms, aggregate_fruit) fruit_type_drupe A simple indehiscent fruit with a hard, stony endocarp and a fleshy mesocarp. fruit_type_follicle A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that splits along one suture. fruit_type_legume A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that splits along two sutures; applies to Fabaceae. (Synonyms, pod) fruit_type_legume_indehiscent A dry, indehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel; applies to Fabaceae. fruit_type_mericarp A fruitlet (seed-containing portion of a fruit) that is a half-carpel; the individual fruitlets separate from one another at maturity; a specific type of schizocarp. (In some datasets, term likely refers to any fruitlet derived from a portion of a schizocarp that separates at maturity, not explicitly just a half-carpel.) fruit_type_multiple_fruit A fruit composed of several fruitlets developing from a single flower (e.g. raspberries, magnolias); fruits developing from more than one flower are included under compound (aggregate) fruits. (Synonym, apocarp) fruit_type_nut A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed and a hard pericarp. fruit_type_nutlet A diminutive of nut, referring to a simple, dry, indehiscent structure with a single seed that might be an entire fruit (nut; monocarp) or a portion of a fruit, such as the individual components derived from an apocarp (fruit with multiple unfused ovaries) or schizocarp (fruit with multiple ovaries that separate at maturity). fruit_type_pepo A fleshy fruit derived from a single ovary that is divided into several carpels, has multiple seeds, and has a tough rind when mature. fruit_type_pome A fleshy fruit with the bulk of the fleshy tissue derived from flora tissue that surrounds the inferior ovary. fruit_type_pyrene A fleshy fruit in which the seed(s) are covered by a hard layer of endocarp. fruit_type_samara A winged, dry fruit. fruit_type_schizocarp Category that includes all fruits derived from a compound pistil that separate into individual carpellary constituents at maturity; broad terms that includes dry and fleshy fruits, some with accessory tissues, others without. The individual seed-containing units that a schizocarp breaks apart into include mericarps, nutlets, and fruitlets. fruit_type_silique A type of capsule (dry, dehiscent fruit) where the fruit is divided into two parts by a thin partition; more than three times as long as wide; applies to Brassicaceae (Synonyms, silicle, siliqua) fruit_type_strobilus A modified reproductive shoot system found in many nonflowering plants, especially gymnosperms, comprised of overlapping bracts (scales). (Synonyms, cone) fruit_type_syncarp A compound fruit produced by the adhesion of the fruits from several flowers. fruit_type_syconium A fleshy compound fruit, in which the fruitlets are enclosed in accessory material, such as the hollow-centered fruits of Moraceae. (Synonyms, synconium, fig) fruit_type_utricle A bladdery or inflated dry fruit with a single seed; essential an achene in which the pericarp is significantly larger than the mature seed.
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	structure composition shape
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	fruit type
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit type [TRY:99] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit_type_1 [GIFT:3.16.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: fruit type [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Fruit type [BROT:26] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Beentje 2010 Spjut 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012516

Fruit fleshiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012517
alternative label	fruit_fleshiness
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which indicates whether a mature [PATO:0001701] fresh [EnvThes:21976] fruit [PO:0009001] is fleshy [PATO:0002351]. Binary variable, dividing entire, true fruits into ‘dry’ versus ‘fleshy’ based on whether their botanical fruit type is fleshy when mature and fresh.
comments	This trait explicitly refers to fruit fleshiness, not diaspore or seed fleshiness; diaspore fleshiness is a separate trait.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fruit_fleshiness_dry Fruits are dry when mature and fresh. fruit_fleshiness_fleshy Fruits are fleshy when mature and fresh.
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	composition structure texture
keyword	reproduction fleshy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Fruit type [TRY:99] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit_dryness_1 [GIFT:3.18.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Beentje 2010 Spjut 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012517

Fruit dehiscence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012518
alternative label	fruit_dehiscence
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which indicates whether mature [PATO:0001701] fruits [PO:0009001] are dehiscent [GO:0009900]. Binary variable, dividing fruits into ‘dehiscent’ versus ‘indehiscent’ based on whether the individual fruit units are dehiscent when mature.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fruit_dehiscence_dehiscent Fruits are dehiscent when mature. fruit_dehiscence_indehiscent Fruits are indehiscent when mature.
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	structure
keyword	reproduction dehiscence
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Fruit type [TRY:99] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Dehiscence_1 [GIFT:3.17.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Beentje 2010 Spjut 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012518

Fruit colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012519
alternative label	fruit_colour
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the primary [NCIT:C25251] colour [PATO:0000014] of the exocarp [PO:0009085] of a mature [PATO:0001701] fruit [PO:0009001]. Human visible dominant colour of a fresh fruit’s exocarp (outermost layer) at maturity.
comments	If a fruit is multiple colours, they are listed as a space-delimited string.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fruit_colour_pink Fruit’s exocarp is pink. fruit_colour_red Fruit’s exocarp is red. fruit_colour_orange Fruit’s exocarp is orange. fruit_colour_yellow Fruit’s exocarp is yellow. fruit_colour_green Fruit’s exocarp is green. fruit_colour_blue Fruit’s exocarp is blue. fruit_colour_purple Fruit’s exocarp is purple. fruit_colour_white Fruit’s exocarp is white. fruit_colour_cream Fruit’s exocarp is cream. fruit_colour_brown Fruit’s exocarp is brown. fruit_colour_black Fruit’s exocarp is black. fruit_colour_grey Fruit’s exocarp is grey.
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	reproduction exocarp pericarp
scope note
has exact match	fruit color exocarp color
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruit/seed color [TRY:585] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Dispersal unit color [TRY:392] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Fruit_colour [GIFT:3.22.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: MainFruitColors [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0) close match: FruitColorDescription [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Kissling 2019 Delmas 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012519

Fruit surface hairiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012521
alternative label	fruit_surface_hairs
description	A fruit morphology trait [TO:0002629] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] (hairs) on the surface (exocarp [PO:0009085]) of a mature [PATO:0001701] fruit [PO:0009001]. Surface hairiness of a mature fruit, including vestiture (trichome cover) and bristles.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fruit_surface_hairs_glabrous Mature fruit do not have hairs (trichomes). fruit_surface_hairs_hairy Mature fruit have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	texture pilosity
keyword	trichome fruit morphology trait
scope note
has exact match	fruit hairiness
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012521

Seed dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012610
alternative label	seed_dry_mass
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. Dry mass of a mature seed, including both oven dried and air-dried samples.
comments	Standard methods people will have used to dry seeds include, ‘fresh’ (at dispersal, mature); ‘air dried’ (at local ambient conditions); ‘seed bank air dried’ (to 15% relative humidity); and ‘oven dried’ (>100 deg C for a set number of hours; e.g. seed bank standard is 103 deg C for 17 hours). It is expected that some observations in AusTraits mapped onto ‘seed_dry_mass’ will actually include both the seed and some dispersal tissue, if the two cannot easily be separated; these should be mapped to ‘diaspore_dry_mass’.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	1e-05
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed weight, seed mass seed mass
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed dry mass [TOP111] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed dry mass [TRY:26] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Seed mass [GIFT:3.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: seed mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Seed dry mass [BROT:27] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	seed_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012610

Diaspore dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012611
alternative label	diaspore_dry_mass
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of a seed [PO:0009010] and the seed dispersal [EnvThes:21042] structures [PATO:0000141]. Dry mass of a plant’s dispersal unit, including the seed and any dispersal appendages; synonymous with the term dispersule and often synonymous with the term disseminule.
comments	Data mapped onto this trait have been very explicitly defined as a ‘diaspore’. There will be additional values mapped as either ‘seed_dry_mass’ or ‘fruit_dry_mass’ that are also diaspores, but have identified only as being a ‘seed’ or ‘fruit’. In addition, it is expected that some observations in AusTraits mapped onto ‘seed_dry_mass’ will actually include both the seed and some dispersal tissue, if the two cannot easily be separated.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	1e-05
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	dispersal reproduction seed dispersal
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Dispersule dry mass trait [TOP110] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Dispersal unit dry mass [TRY:233] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	diaspore_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012611

Seed embryo and endosperm dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012612
alternative label	seed_dry_mass_reserve
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the dry [PATO:0001824] mass [PATO:0000125] of the components of a seed [PO:0009010] that provide energy [PATO:0001021] to a seedling [EnvThes:20698], generally the embryo [PO:0009009] and, if present, the endosperm [PO:0009089]. Dry mass of a seed’s embryo and endosperm (if present), the components of a seed that provide energy to a seedling. These tissues are distinct from a seed’s dispersal structures or protective tissues.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mg milligram
minAllowedValue	1e-05
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	energy plant embryo endosperm reproduction seedling storage organ
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Westoby 1990 Lamont & Groom 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	seed_mass_reserve
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012612

Seed length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012613
alternative label	seed_length
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the greatest linear dimension [PATO:0001708] (axis) of a seed [PO:0009010] and is perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] the seed width [PATO:0000921] and seed height [PATO:0000119] axes [NCIT:C25154]. Longest linear seed dimension.
comments	Observations of this trait in AusTraits are almost certainly an undocumented mix of dimensions of true seeds and diaspores. When all or part of the fruit is not easily separated from the true seed, many researchers will have recorded and submitted a diaspore length, but labeled the data ‘seed length’. The intent of this measurement is that it excludes appendages, although it is likely some submitted measurements include small appendages that are not easily separated from the seed.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed length
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed length [TOP91] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed length [TRY:27] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Seed length [GIFT:3.10] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: seed length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012613

Seed width

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012614
alternative label	seed_width
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the longest [NCIT:C25558] width [PATO:0000921] dimension of a seed [PO:0009010] and is perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] the seed length [PATO:0000122] and seed height [PATO:0000119] axes [NCIT:C25154]. Longest width dimension of a seed; orthogonal to the length and height axes.
comments	Observations of this trait in AusTraits are almost certainly an undocumented mix of dimensions of true seeds and diaspores. When all or part of the fruit is not easily separated from the true seed, many researchers will have recorded and submitted a diaspore width, but labeled the data ‘seed width’. The intent of this measurement is that it excludes appendages, although it is likely some submitted measurements include small appendages that are not easily separated from the seed.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	width size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed width
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed width [TOP95] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Seed width [TRY:239] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Seed width [GIFT:3.11] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012614

Seed height

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012615
alternative label	seed_height
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the shortest diameter [NCT:C120715] axis [NCIT:C25154] of a seed [PO:0009010] and is perpendicular to [PATO:0002434] the seed length [PATO:0000122] and seed width [PATO:0000921] axes. Shorter width dimension of a seed; orthogonal to its length and width axes.
comments	Observations of this trait in AusTraits are almost certainly an undocumented mix of dimensions of true seeds and diaspores. When all or part of the fruit is not easily separated from the true seed, many researchers will have recorded and submitted a diaspore height, but labeled the data ’seed height. The intent of this measurement is that it excludes appendages, although it is likely some submitted measurements include small appendages that are not easily separated from the seed.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	height size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed thickness
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed thickness [TOP99] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Seed height [GIFT:3.12] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	seed_breadth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012615

Seed volume

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012616
alternative label	seed_volume
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the volume [PATO:0000918] of a seed [PO:0009010]. Volume of a seed.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm3 cubic millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	volume 3-D extent size
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed volume
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed volume [TRY:3042] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: seed weight & seed shape [LEDA:5.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Seed volume [GIFT:3.19] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012616

Seed count

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012617
alternative label	seed_count
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the count [NCIT:C25463] of seeds [PO:0009010] produced by an individual [EFO:0000542] in a given location [NCIT:C25341]. Number of seeds produced by a plant.
comments	This trait should be used to document the seed output of a large, healthy individual in a population, representing the maximum seed output by the taxon under given environmental conditions.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	has number of count maximum
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012617

Seed shape

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012618
alternative label	seed_shape
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the 3-D [PATO:0001710] shape [PATO:0000052] of a seed [PO:0009010] considering the relative seed length [PATO:0000122], seed width [PATO:0000921], and seed height PATO:0000119] dimensions and the curvature [PATO:0001591] of the seed’s surface [NCIT:C25245]. Three-dimensional shape of the seed.
comments	The trait values indicate the approximate shape of the seed, acknowledging few seeds are exactly ellipsoid, globoid, etc. The list of terms has been chosen to represent different length:width:height ratios and different levels of symmetry. Terms that suggest very specific shapes have generally been grouped into a broader category for increased interoperability across datasets.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_shape_comma-shaped A seed displaying a single arc of curvature, such that it bilaterally symmetrical. (Synonyms, comma-shaped, falcate, sickle-shaped scimitar-shaped) seed_shape_conical Cone-shaped, with a broad flat base and narrow apex; turbinate refers to the inverse shape. (Synonyms, obconical, cone-shaped, turbinate, top-shaped) seed_shape_cuneate A 3-dimensional shape that is wedge-shaped or boat-shaped. seed_shape_cylindrical A cylinder, a shape with a flat top and bottom that are circular or elliptical in outline and are linked by a curved surface. (Synonyms, terete) seed_shape_discoid A subset of cylinder, a shape with a flat, circular or elliptical top and bottom, linked by a curved surface, where the length of the curved surface is much shorter than the cross-section of the flat surfaces. (Synonyms, flat) seed_shape_ellipsoid A 3-dimensional shape that is elliptic in long section and circular in cross section; length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. (Synonyms, obloid, oblong) seed_shape_ellipsoid_flattened A 3-dimensional shape that is elliptic in long section and and laterally compressed/flattened such that it is non-circular in cross section; length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. seed_shape_fusiform Spindle-shaped; A 3-dimension shape that is narrowly ellipsoid, circular in cross-section and tapering sharply toward both ends. (Synonyms, spindle-shaped) seed_shape_globoid A 3-dimensional shape that is circular in both long section and cross section. (Synonyms, globose, globular, spherical) seed_shape_globoid_flattened A 3-dimensional shape that is circular in both long section and somewhat flattened such that it is non-circular in cross section. seed_shape_hemispheric Half a sphere or globe, with a flat base, domed top, and circular in cross-section. (Synonyms, convex) seed_shape_hemispheric_flattened A 3-dimensional shape that is a laterally compressed/flattened half-sphere or globe; shape has a flat base, a domed top, and is elliptical in cross-section. seed_shape_lenticular Shaped like a biconvex lens and circular in cross section; shaped like a lentil. seed_shape_orbicular A poorly defined term that remains in AusTraits only as a placeholder; it appears to be used as both globoid (spherical) and lenticular by different authors. seed_shape_ovoid A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and circular in cross section. Term as used in AusTraits includes variants on egg-shaped including pyriform (pear-shaped) and obovoid (inversely egg-shaped) (Synonyms, pyriform, obovoid) seed_shape_ovoid_elongated A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and circular in cross section, where the length dimension is much longer than the width/height dimensions. Term as used in AusTraits includes specific shapes club-shaped (clavate/obclavate) and tear-shaped (lachrimiform). (Synonyms, lachrimiform, tear-shaped, lachrymiform, clavate; obclavate, club-shaped) seed_shape_ovoid_flattened A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and laterally compressed/flattened such that is non-circular in cross section. seed_shape_polyhedral A 3-dimensional shape with distinct, fairly flat faces and edges; includes prisms and tetrahedral shaped seeds. (Synonyms, rhomboid, prismatic, pyramidal, rectangular, square) seed_shape_polyhedral_elongated A 3-dimensional shape with distinct, fairly flat faces and edges, where the length dimension is much longer than the width/height dimensions; includes elongate prisms and elongate tetrahedral shaped seeds. seed_shape_polyhedral_inflated A 3-dimensional shape with distinct faces and edges but the faces tend to bulge outwards. seed_shape_reniform Having a cross-section that is roughly circular with a notch; strictly a kidney-shape but the definition applied here includes heart-shaped seeds and other seeds with a distinct notch. (Synonyms, cordiform, kidney-shaped, heart-shaped) seed_shape_winged A seed with wings. (Synonyms, samara) seed_shape_sectoroid Shaped like an orange segment or wedge of a sphere. (Synonyms, wedge-shaped) seed_shape_sinusoidal A seed with two arcs of curvature or a single arc, such that it lacks an axis of symmetry. (Synonyms, sigmoidal)
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	shape 3-D extent morphology curvature
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed shape
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed shape [TRY:349] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Basic seed shape [BROT:29] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012618

Seed surface hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012619
alternative label	seed_surface_hairs
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the presence or absence of trichomes [PO:0006504] on the surface [NCIT:C25245] of a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. Surface hairiness of a mature seed, including vestiture (trichome cover) and bristles.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_surface_hairs_glabrous Seed surface lacks trichomes or bristles. seed_surface_hairs_hairs Seed surface with trichomes or bristles. seed_surface_hairs_hairs_branched Seed surface with branched trichomes or bristles.(Synonyms, stellate, plumose) seed_surface_hairs_hairs_simple Seed surface with simple trichomes or bristles. (Synonyms, tomentose, velutinous, velvety, sericeous)
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	texture morphology pilosity
keyword	trichome vestiture reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	seed_texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012619

Seed surface texture

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012620
alternative label	seed_surface_texture
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the texture [PATO:0000150] of the surface [NCIT:C25245] of a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. Surface texture of a mature seed, including descriptions of configuration (overall surface patterns of the epidermal cells) and epidermal excrescence (surface patterns caused by structural outgrowths of the epidermis).
comments	This trait does not include values that capture seed appendages; see the trait dispersal_appendages for descriptions of seed appendages.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_surface_texture_bumpy Seed surface covered with minute, rounded protuberances. (Synonyms, colliculate, verrucate, papillate, tuberculate, undulate) seed_surface_texture_grooved Seed surface covered with grooves. seed_surface_texture_netted Seed surface covered with raised, reticulate, interconnected ridges. (Synonyms, reticulate, honey-combed) seed_surface_texture_papery Seed surface with a thin and papery texture. (Synonyms, chartaceous) seed_surface_texture_pitted Seed surface pitted. (Synonyms, foveolate, foveate, dimpled, punctate, lacunose) seed_surface_texture_ribbed Seed surface with longitudinal raised ribs or ridges. (Synonyms, costate, carinate, lineate, fluted, striate, strigose, lineolate, scalariform, ridged) seed_surface_texture_rough Seed surface rough with no organisation of markings, resembling sandpaper. (Synonyms, scabrous) seed_surface_texture_scaly Seed surface rough with loose scales differing in direction or not parallel in direction. (Synonyms, scurfy, squarrose) seed_surface_texture_smooth Seed surface smooth, lacking texture. (Synonym, glabrous) seed_surface_texture_spiny Seed surface with spines. (Synonyms, echinulate) seed_surface_texture_wrinkled Seed surface with a wrinkled, rugose texture. (Synonyms, rugose, rugulose, bullate)
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	texture morphology
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed texture seed coat texture
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019 Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	seed_texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012620

Seed surface reflectivity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012621
alternative label	seed_surface_reflectivity
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the reflectivity [PATO:0001297] of the surface [NCIT:C25245] of a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. Surface reflectivity of a seed, indicating whether a seed is shiny or dull.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_surface_reflectivity_dull Seed surface appears dull, indicating it has a low reflectivity. seed_surface_reflectivity_shiny Seed surface appears shiny or glossy, indicating it has a high reflectivity. (Synonyms, glossy, lustrous, polished)
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	texture morphology reflectivity
keyword	reproduction
scope note
has exact match	seed coat luster
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	20/04/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012621

Diaspore fleshiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012622
alternative label	diaspore_fleshiness
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0002629] which indicates whether a mature [PATO:0001701] fresh [EnvThes:21976] diaspore is fleshy [PATO:0002351], where a diaspore is a plant’s dispersal [EnvThes:21038] unit and includes both the seed [PO:0009010] and the seed dispersal [EnvThes:21042] structures [PATO:0000141]. Binary variable, dividing diaspores (dispersal units) into ‘dry’ versus ‘fleshy’ based on whether they have fleshy pericarps, fleshy accessory tissues (such as the receptacle in Podocarpus), or fleshy appendages (e.g. aril, thalamus, receptacle, calyx, rachis or bract or succulent pedicel) when mature. Dispersal units where none of these tissues is fleshy are designated as ‘non-fleshy’.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	diaspore_fleshiness_dry Diaspores where the true fruit, accessory tissues and dispersal appendages are all dry when mature. diaspore_fleshiness_fleshy Diaspores where either the true fruit, accessory tissues or dispersal appendages are fleshy when mature.
has broader	seed morphology trait fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	composition structure
keyword	fleshy dispersal seed dispersal reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Fruit type [TRY:99] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Kew Seed Information Database 2022 Beentje 2010 Spjut 2003 Chen 2015
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012622

Dispersal appendage

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012623
alternative label	dispersal_appendage
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0002629] which indicates external [NCIT:C44280] appendages [NCIT:C61460] on the seed [PO:0009010] or the seed’s dispersal [OMIT: 0027297] structures [PATO:0000141] whose presumed function [NCIT:C25518] is to facilitate seed dispersal [EnvThes:21042]. External appendages of the dispersule presumed to facilitate seed dispersal away from the parent plant.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	dispersal_appendage_aril Fleshy outgrowth of a seed, that often attracts animals like birds or ants. dispersal_appendage_bristles Bristle-like projections. Trait value includes awns, which are slender, bristle-like projections in some grasses. dispersal_appendage_bracts_and_glumes When the bracts below the inflorescence are persistent and functional as dispersal appendages. This includes persistent glumes, the modified membranous bracts in the family Poaceae that surround the spikelet of a grass. dispersal_appendage_elaiosome Fleshy (often fatty) appendage on seeds that attracts ants. dispersal_appendage_fleshy_reward Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that provides a fleshy reward to attract dispersers; highest level of resolution available for some studies. dispersal_appendage_floating_seed Seed that is dispersed by floating on water. dispersal_appendage_flotation_scales Scales enhancing flotation, thereby assisting with dispersal. dispersal_appendage_floral_parts When some plant floral parts (the petals, sepals, or style) are persistent and aid in seed and fruit dispersal. This is a broad term not explicitly suggesting a dispersal mechanism. dispersal_appendage_hairs Modified hairs that aid in seed dispersal. dispersal_appendage_hooks A rear-facing point, as in a fish hook that aids in seed and fruit dispersal. dispersal_appendage_inflated_parts When some part of the seed, fruit, or associated tissues is inflated, aiding in seed or fruit dispersal. dispersal_appendage_none When a fruit and associated tissues lack any dispersal appendages. Includes exarillate and taxa with explicitly deciduous pappus. dispersal_appendage_pappus The calyx in Asteraceae that has been modified into bristles, hairs, scales or awns that are attached to the apex of the fruit. Taxa assigned this trait value have a persistent pappus that aids in dispersal, often, but not exclusively through wind dispersal. The pappus can also assist with flotation. dispersal_appendage_plumose Fruit, seed, style, or other floral component that is plumose and assists with dispersal. dispersal_appendage_receptacle Fleshy receptacle that aids in dispersal. dispersal_appendage_sarcotesta Fleshy seed coat that aids in dispersal. dispersal_appendage_spines Spines that aid in dispersal. dispersal_appendage_tumbleweed Plant growth form, whereby the aboveground plant component detaches from the roots and is readily rolled by wind across the ground, aiding in dispersal. dispersal_appendage_wings Referring to wing-like seed extensions that aid in wind dispersal. dispersal_appendage_wing_or_plume Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that aid in wind dispersal; highest level of resolution available for some studies.
has broader	seed morphology trait fruit morphology trait interspecific interactions trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	shape structure mechanism
keyword	seed dispersal dispersal reproduction biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis appendage
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Dispersal unit type [TRY:231] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Saatkamp 2018 Wigley 2020 LEDA Data Standards 2005
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012623

Dispersal unit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012624
alternative label	dispersal_unit
description	A reproductive shoot system morphology trait [TO:0000786] which is the plant structure [PO:0009011] involved in dispersal [EnvThes:21038], broadly distinguishing between taxa [NCIT:C40098] whose main dispersal units are spores [NCIT:C79672], seeds [PO:0009010] or fruit [PO:0009001]. Broad terms indicating the plant structure involved in dispersal, distinguishing between taxonomic groups whose main dispersal units are spores, seeds, or fruit.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	dispersal_unit_fruit Dispersal unit is a fruit. dispersal_unit_seed Dispersal unit is a seed. dispersal_unit_spore Dispersal unit is a spore. dispersal_unit_seedling Dispersal unit is a seedling. (Synonyms, viviparous)
has broader	seed morphology trait fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	organismal quality structure
keyword	seed dispersal dispersal reproduction spore
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Dispersal unit type [TRY:231] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Diaspore [BROT:24] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012624

Seed colour

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0012625
alternative label	seed_colour
description	A seed morphology trait [TO:0000184] which is the primary [NCIT:C25251] colour [PATO:0000014] of a seed coat [PO:0009088] of a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. Human visible dominant colour of a seed coat (outermost layer) at maturity.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_colour_blue_purple Seed coat is pink. seed_colour_green Seed coat is red. seed_colour_pink Seed coat is orange. seed_colour_red_brown Seed coat is yellow. seed_colour_white_cream Seed coat is green. seed_colour_yellow_orange Seed coat is blue. seed_colour_grey Seed coat is purple. seed_colour_black Seed coat is white.
has broader	seed morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	colour / color
keyword	seed coat
scope note	applicable to plants with seeds
has exact match	seed color
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Fruit/seed color [TRY:585] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0012625

Leaf secondary vein angle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013011
alternative label	leaf_secondary_vein_angle
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the angle [PATO:0002326] between the primary leaf vein [PO:0025413] and the secondary leaf vein [PO:0020140] in a leaf lamina [PO:0020039]. Angle between the primary vein (midrib) and a secondary vein in a leaf lamina.
comments	For a palmate leaf, the main veins radiating from the base are generally referred to as primary veins, with secondary veins branching off each primary vein.
value type	continuous variable
unit	deg plane angle degree
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	90
has broader	leaf vein morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	angle
keyword	primary leaf vein secondary leaf vein leaf lamina leaf lamina vein water transport
scope note	Vascular plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Sack 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	vein_angle_secondary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013011

Major leaf vein density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013012
alternative label	leaf_major_vein_density
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the total length [PATO:0000122] of major leaf lamina veins [PO:0020138] (defined as primary leaf veins [PO:0025413], secondary leaf veins [PO:0020140], and tertiary leaf veins [PO:0008021]) to leaf lamina [PO_0020039] area [PATO:0001323]. The length of major leaf lamina veins per unit leaf area, where primary, secondary and tertiary leaf lamina veins are considered major veins.
comments	This trait records the length of only major veins (primary, secondary and tertiary veins), while the trait leaf_total_vein_density records the length of all orders of leaf veins.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm/mm2 reciprocal millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	leaf vein morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length per unit area ratio; proportion count density
keyword	leaf lamina vein primary leaf vein secondary leaf vein tertiary leaf vein water transport
scope note	Vascular plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf vein morphology trait
examples	close match: Leaf vein density [TRY:740] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Sack 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	vein_density
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013012

Length of all minor and major leaf lamina veins per unit area

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013013
alternative label	leaf_total_vein_density
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the total length [PATO:0000122] of all leaf lamina veins [PO:0020138] to leaf lamina [PO_0020039] area [PATO:0001323]. The length of all minor and major leaf lamina veins per unit leaf area.
comments	This trait records the length of all orders of leaf lamina veins, while the trait leaf_major_vein_density records only the length of major veins (primary, secondary and tertiary veins).
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm/mm2 millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	leaf vein morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length per unit area ratio; proportion count density
keyword	leaf lamina vein water transport
scope note	Vascular plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf vein morphology trait
examples	close match: Leaf vein density [TRY:740] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Sack 2013
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	vein_density
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013013

Leaf vein frequency

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013014
alternative label	leaf_vein_frequency
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of all leaf lamina veins [PO:0020138] intersecting the perimeter [PATO:0001711] of a square of the leaf lamina divided by the length of the perimeter of the square. A measure of vein density, which is the number of veins intersecting the perimeter of a square of the leaf lamina divided by the length of the perimeter of the square.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm reciprocal millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	leaf vein morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density ratio; proportion count
keyword	leaf lamina vein leaf lamina water transport
scope note	Vascular plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf vein morphology trait
examples
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Sack 2013 Brooker & Nicolle 2013
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	vein_density
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013014

Stem xylem vessel density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013111
alternative label	stem_vessel_density
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a stem [PO:0009047] cross-section [NCIT:C63795] to stem cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the count of xylem vessels in a stem cross-section to stem cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.4
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	has number of count density per unit area ratio; proportion count
keyword	xylem vessel cross section water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood vessel density [TRY:1237] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Branch vessel density [TRY:3390] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: vessel number [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Scholz 2013 Zanne 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	vessel_density
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013111

Leaf xylem vessel density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013112
alternative label	leaf_vessel_density
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a leaf [PO:0025034] cross-section [NCIT:C63795] to leaf cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323]. The ratio of the count of xylem vessels in a leaf cross-section to leaf cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/mm2 reciprocal square millimetre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	50000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	has number of count density per unit area ratio; proportion count
keyword	xylem vessel cross section water transport
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	vessel_density_leaves
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013112

Stem xylem vessel diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013113
alternative label	stem_vessel_diameter
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the diameter [PATO:0001334] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a stem [PO:0009047]. Diameter of xylem vessels in a stem.
comments	As the adjacent vessels in an individual stem vary notably in size, this trait should never document a single vessel diameter from an individual, but instead the mean (or possibly maximum) vessel diameter from a much larger sample size. Note as well, that vessel diameters increase from a growing tip to the base of a plant and the location sampled should be specified in either the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	diameter
keyword	xylem vessel water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match	Wood vessels diameter
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood vessel diameter [TRY:1238] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Branch vessel diameter [TRY:3391] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: vessel lumen area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Scholz 2013 Zanne 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	vessel_diameter
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013113

Stem xylem vessel hydraulic mean diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013114
alternative label	stem_vessel_diameter_hydraulic
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is a weighted arithmetic mean [STATO:0000398] diameter [PATO:0001334] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a stem [PO:0009047], reflecting the greater relative contribution of wider vessels to hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] as described by the Hagen-Poiseuille equation [hupson:SCAIVPH_00000131] . Hydraulic diameter (or hydraulically weighted diameter) is a weighted arithmetic mean diameter of xylem vessels in a stem, reflecting the greater contribution of wide vessels to actual hydraulic conductivity. It is based on the Hagen-Poiseuille law, a fluid dynamics equation that describes laminar flow through a tube. It shows that a few large conduits transport an equal amount of water as many small ones, as flow rate is proportional to the 4th power of the conduit’s diameter.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	diameter weighted arithmetic mean
keyword	xylem vessel hydraulic conductivity water transport sapwood Hagen Poiseuille equation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Tyree & Ewers 1991 Scholz 2013 Tyree & Zimmerman 2002
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	vessel_diameter_hydraulic
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013114

Leaf xylem vessel diameter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013115
alternative label	leaf_vessel_diameter
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the diameter [PATO:0001334] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a leaf [PO:0025034]. Diameter of xylem vessels in a leaf.
comments	As the adjacent vessels in an individual stem vary notably in size, this trait should never document a single vessel diameter from an individual, but instead the mean (or possibly maximum) vessel diameter from a much larger sample size. Note as well, that vessel diameters increase from a growing tip to the base of a plant and the location sampled should be specified in either the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	250
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	diameter
keyword	xylem vessel hydraulic conductivity water transport
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf vessel diameter [TRY:367] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	vessel_diameter_leaves
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013115

Stem xylem vessel lumen fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013116
alternative label	stem_vessel_lumen_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total xylem vessel [PO:0025417] lumen [PO:0025117] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] to stem [PO:0009047] cross-sectional area. The fraction of a stem cross-section comprised of lumen and calculated as the ratio of the total cross-sectional area comprised of xylem vessels (lumen fraction) to the total stem cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio per unit area cross section ratio; proportion
keyword	xylem vessel plant anatomical space; lumen vessel lumen water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem conduit lumen cross-sectional area (vessels and tracheids) per stem sapwood cross-sectional are [TRY:172] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Scholz 2013 Zanne 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	vessel_lumen_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013116

Stem xylem vessel multiple fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013117
alternative label	stem_vessel_multiple_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of groups of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] to the total count of xylem vessels, with a value approximating 1 indicating a tendency towards solitary vessels. Vmf; A vessel grouping index, calculated as the number of groups of vessels divided by the total number of vessels, where vessels are considered to be part of the same group if they are in contact with one another. A Vmf value approximating 1 denotes a tendency towards solitary vessels while a smaller value indicates a tendency of vessels to occur in clusters.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio has number of count ratio; proportion
keyword	xylem vessel water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood vessel grouping [TRY:276] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Scholz 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	vessel_multiple_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013117

Stem non-lumen fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013118
alternative label	stem_vessel_non_lumen_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the proportion of a cross-section of stem that is not comprised of lumen (empty space) and is calculated at 1 minus the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total xylem vessel [PO:0025417] and tracheid [PO:0000301] lumen [PO:0025117] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] to stem [PO:0009047] cross-sectional area. The fraction of a stem cross-section not comprised of lumen (the empty space in xylem vessels and tracheids) and calculated as one minus the ratio of the total cross-sectional area comprised of xylem vessels and tracheids (lumen fraction) to the total stem cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio per unit area cross section ratio; proportion
keyword	xylem vessel plant anatomical space; lumen vessel lumen water transport sapwood tracheids
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood cross-sectional fraction of Vessel (conduit) area [TRY:3018] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Scholz 2013 Zanne 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	vessel_non_lumen_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013118

xylem vessel wall fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013119
alternative label	stem_vessel_wall_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of xylem vessel [PO:0025417] cell wall [GO:0009505] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] to total xylem vessel cross-sectional area. Fraction of xylem vessels comprised of cell wall, calculated as the ratio of xylem vessel cell wall cross-sectional area to total xylem vessel cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio per unit area cross section ratio; proportion
keyword	xylem vessel plant-type cell wall water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	vessel_wall_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013119

Xylem vulnerability index

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013120
alternative label	stem_xylem_vulnerability_index
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of a stem’ [PO:0009047] average xylem vessel [PO:0025417] diameter [PATO:0001334] to the stem’s xylem vessel count density [ECSO:00001160]. The ratio of a stem’s average xylem vessel diameter to the stem’s xylem vessel density, an index of sap conductance and xylem vessel susceptibility to vessel cavitation.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um.m2/{count} square millimetre micrometre
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	diameter count density ratio; proportion
keyword	xylem water transport sapwood
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Scholz 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	vulnerability_index
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013120

Leaf xylem vessel wall thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013121
alternative label	leaf_vessel_wall_thickness
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of the wall of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a leaf [PO:0025034]. The wall thickness of xylem vessels in a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	thickness size
keyword	xylem vessel water transport hydraulic conductivity
scope note	applicable to plants with vessels
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013121

Stem xylem vessel wall thickness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013122
alternative label	stem_vessel_wall_thickness
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the thickness [PATO:0000915] of the wall of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a stem [PO:0009047]. The wall thickness of xylem vessels in a stem.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	thickness size
keyword	xylem vessel water transport sapwood hydraulic conductivity
scope note	applicable to plants with vessels
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013122

Leaf xylem vessel length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013123
alternative label	leaf_vessel_length
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a leaf [PO:0025034]. The length of xylem vessels in a leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	xylem vessel water transport
scope note	applicable to plants with vessels
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013123

Stem xylem vessel length

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013124
alternative label	stem_vessel_length
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the length [PATO:0000122] of xylem vessels [PO:0025417] in a stem [PO:0009047]. The length of xylem vessels in a stem.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	um micrometre
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	xylem vessel morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	length size
keyword	xylem vessel water transport sapwood
scope note	applicable to plants with vessels
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	31/03/2025
date modified	31/03/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013124

Wood axial parenchyma fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013161
alternative label	wood_axial_parenchyma_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the fraction of a cross-section [NCIT:C63795] of sapwood [PO:0004513] comprised of axial secondary xylem parenchyma [PO:0004533], calculated as ratio [PATO:0001470] of axial parenchyma cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323] to sapwood cross-sectional area. The fraction of a cross-section of sapwood comprised of axial parenchyma. It is calculated as the ratio of total axial parenchyma cross-sectional area to sapwood cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion per unit area cross section
keyword	sapwood axial secondary xylem parenchyma wood wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood cross-sectional fraction of axial parenchyma area [TRY:3021] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013161

Wood conduit fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013162
alternative label	wood_conduit_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the fraction of a cross-section [NCIT:C63795] of sapwood [PO:0004513] comprised of all water [CHEBI:15377] transport conduits (both tracheids [PO:0000301] and xylem vessels [PO:0025417]), calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323] of conduits to sapwood cross-sectional area. The fraction of a cross-section of sapwood comprised of all water transport conduits, including both xylem vessels and tracheids. It is calculated as the ratio of total conduit cross-sectional area to sapwood cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion per unit area cross section
keyword	sapwood tracheids xylem wood water transport wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood cross-sectional fraction of Vessel (conduit) area [TRY:3018] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013162

Wood fibre fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013163
alternative label	wood_fibre_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the fraction of a cross-section [NCIT:C63795] of sapwood [PO:0004513] comprised of plant fiber cells [PO:0025407], calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total fiber cell cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323] to sapwood cross-sectional area. The fraction of a cross-section of sapwood comprised of fibres. It is calculated as the ratio of total fibre cross-sectional area to sapwood cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion per unit area cross section
keyword	sapwood plant fiber cell wood wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood cross-sectional fraction of fibre area [TRY:3019] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013163

Wood ray parenchyma fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013164
alternative label	wood_ray_parenchyma_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the fraction of a cross-section [NCIT:C63795] of sapwood [PO:0004513] comprised of ray secondary xylem parenchyma cells [PO:0004534], calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total ray parenchyma cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323] to sapwood cross-sectional area. The fraction of a cross-section of sapwood comprised of rays. It is calculated as the ratio of total ray cross-sectional area to sapwood cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion per unit area cross section
keyword	sapwood ray secondary xylem parenchyma wood wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Wood cross-sectional fraction of wod ray area [TRY:3020] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	wood_ray_fraction
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013164

Wood tracheid fraction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0013165
alternative label	wood_tracheid_fraction
description	A vascular tissue morphology trait [TO:0000470] which is the fraction of a cross-section [NCIT:C63795] of sapwood [PO:0004513] comprised of tracheids [PO:0000301], calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of total tracheid cross-sectional area [PATO:0001323] to sapwood cross-sectional area. The fraction of a cross-section of sapwood comprised of tracheids. It is calculated as the ratio of total tracheid cross-sectional area to sapwood cross-sectional area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm2/mm2 square millimetre per square millimetre
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	vascular tissue morphology trait water transport trait, hydraulic trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion per unit area cross section
keyword	sapwood tracheids wood water transport wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0013165

Leaf work to punch

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014011
alternative label	leaf_work_to_punch
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] compressive strength [SWEET:propPressure/CompressiveStrength; MESH:D019245]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] (work) required to punch a hole in a leaf lamina (fracture [SWEET:phenSolid/Fracture]) with a punch and die. The force (work) required to punch a hole through a leaf lamina, generally with a punch and die. This is a measure of leaf compressive strength or toughness.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait are listed as N/m, which is identical to J/m2; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied.
value type	continuous variable
unit	N/m newton per metre
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	leaf lamina strength compressive strength fracture punch
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014011

Leaf specific work to punch

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014012
alternative label	leaf_work_to_punch_adjusted
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] compressive strength [SWEET:propPressure/CompressiveStrength; MESH:D019245]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] (work) required to punch a hole in a leaf lamina (fracture [SWEET:phenSolid/Fracture]) with a punch and die, scaled by leaf thickness [PATO:0000915]. The force (work) required to punch a hole through a leaf lamina, generally with a punch and die, adjusted for leaf thickness. This is a measure of leaf compressive strength or toughness.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait are listed as N/m2, which is identical to J/m3; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied.
value type	continuous variable
unit	N/m2
minAllowedValue	1000
maxAllowedValue	3e+07
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force ratio; proportion thickness
keyword	leaf lamina strength compressive strength fracture punch
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014012

Leaf work to shear

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014013
alternative label	leaf_work_to_shear
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] compressive strength [SWEET:propPressure/CompressiveStrength; MESH:D019245]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] required to shear [SWEET:phenSolid/Shear] a leaf lamina with a pair of scissors. The force (work) required to shear a leaf. This is a measure of leaf compressive strength or toughness that is equivalent to cutting a leaf with scissors.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait, N is the same as J/m; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied.
value type	continuous variable
unit	N newton
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	leaf lamina strength compressive strength shear
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014013

Leaf specific work to shear (fracture toughness)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014014
alternative label	leaf_work_to_shear_adjusted
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] compressive strength [SWEET:propPressure/CompressiveStrength; MESH:D019245]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] required to shear [SWEET:phenSolid/Shear] a leaf lamina with a pair of scissors, scaled by leaf thickness [PATO:0000915]. The force (work) required to shear a leaf, adjusted to leaf thickness; also referred to as ‘fracture toughness’. This is a measure of leaf compressive strength or toughness that is equivalent to cutting a leaf with scissors.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait, N/m is the same as J/m2; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied.
value type	continuous variable
unit	N/m newton per metre
minAllowedValue	100
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force ratio; proportion thickness
keyword	leaf lamina strength compressive strength shear
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Leaf lamina fracture toughness [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014014

Leaf work to tear

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014015
alternative label	leaf_work_to_tear
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] tensile strength [SWEET:propPressure/TensileStrength; MESH:D013718]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] required to tear or rip [SWEET:phenSolid/Rip] a leaf lamina. The force (work) required to tear/rip a leaf. This is a measure of leaf tensile strength.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait, N is the same as J/m; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied. (Work to tear is also sometimes reported in J.)
value type	continuous variable
unit	N newton
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	leaf lamina strength tensile strength rip, tear
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014015

Leaf specific work to tear

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014016
alternative label	leaf_work_to_tear_adjusted
description	A leaf lamina [PO:0025060] strength [PATO:0001230] trait which is a measure of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] tensile strength [SWEET:propPressure/TensileStrength; MESH:D013718]. It is the force [PATO:0001035] required to tear or rip [SWEET:phenSolid/Rip] a leaf lamina, scaled by leaf thickness [PATO:0000915]. The force (work) required to tear/rip a leaf, adjusted to leaf thickness. This is a measure of leaf tensile strength.
comments	Variation in methods used will mean that, in some cases, values are not perfectly comparable across studies. The expected units for this trait, N/m is the same as J/m2; Newtons are a unit of force, while Joules are a unit of work, indicating how much work (force per distance) is done when force is applied.
value type	continuous variable
unit	N/m newton per metre
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	15000
has broader	plant structure strength trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	work force ratio; proportion thickness
keyword	leaf lamina strength tensile strength rip, tear
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sanson 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014016

Bark modulus of elasticity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014017
alternative label	bark_modulus_of_elasticity
description	A bark [PO:0004518] physical quality [PATO:0002079] trait which is the bark’s modulus of elasticity [SWEET:propPressure/ModulusOfElasticity], its resistance to being deformed [SWEET:phenSolid/Deform] elastically [PATO:0001031] (non-permanently) when a force [PATO:0001035] is applied. It is calculated as the ratio of the force applied to bark per unit area (stress) to the bark’s deformation (bending). A measure of stem stiffness and elasticity, which is how much the bark is deformed elastically (bends) under stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the force applied to bark per unit area (stress) to the bark’s deformation (bending). The trait is also called Young’s modulus for bark.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	plant structure strength trait bark morphology trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	elasticity modulus of elasticity deform
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	osmotic adjustment capacity
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	modulus_of_elasticity_bark
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014017

Stem modulus of elasticity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014018
alternative label	stem_modulus_of_elasticity
description	A stem [PO:0009047] physical quality [PATO:0002079] trait which is the stem’s modulus of elasticity [SWEET:propPressure/ModulusOfElasticity], its resistance to being deformed [SWEET:phenSolid/Deform] elastically [PATO:0001031] (non-permanently) when a force [PATO:0001035] is applied. It is calculated as the ratio of the force applied to wood per unit area (stress) to the stem’s deformation (bending). A measure of stem stiffness and elasticity, which is how much the stem is deformed elastically (bends) under stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the force applied to stem per unit area (stress) to the stem’s deformation (bending). This is the modulus of a compound tissue made up of bark and wood (or xylem) and potentially pith and could also be called structural modulus of elasticity. Trait is also called Young’s modulus for a stem.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	plant structure strength trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	elasticity modulus of elasticity deform wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	osmotic adjustment capacity
examples	close match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	modulus_of_elasticity_stem
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014018

Xylem modulus of elasticity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014019
alternative label	xylem_modulus_of_elasticity
description	A secondary xylem [PO:0005848] physical quality [PATO:0002079] trait which is the xylem’s modulus of elasticity [SWEET:propPressure/ModulusOfElasticity], its resistance to being deformed [SWEET:phenSolid/Deform] elastically [PATO:0001031] (non-permanently) when a force [PATO:0001035] is applied. A measure of wood stiffness and elasticity, which is how much wood (secondary xylem) is deformed elastically (bends) under stress. It is calculated as the ratio of the force applied to wood per unit area (stress) to the stem’s deformation (bending). This is the modulus of elasticity explicitly for xylem (wood). Trait is also called Young’s modulus for xylem.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1e+05
has broader	plant structure strength trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	work force
keyword	elasticity modulus of elasticity deform xylem wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	osmotic adjustment capacity
examples	close match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	modulus_of_elasticity_xylem
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014019

Modulus of rupture

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0014020
alternative label	modulus_of_rupture
description	A secondary xylem [PO:0005848] physical quality [PATO:0002079] trait which is the xylem [PO:0005352] cell wall’s [GO:0009505] mechanical [MESH:D055595] bending strength [PATO:0001230], reported as the force [PATO:0001035] applied to a stem [PO:0009047] that causes it to stop bending and break (fail). A measure of wood bending strength, which is the force per unit surface area applied to a length of bent stem (surface stress) that causes it to break. This is also the force required to rupture xylem vessels.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	plant structure strength trait stem morphology trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	pressure force strength
keyword	xylem plant-type cell wall water stress trait wood, secondary xylem
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Wood mechanical property: flexual stiffness, elasticity, rupture [TRY:1226] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0014020

Plant photosynthetic pathway

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020221
alternative label	photosynthetic_pathway
description	The photosynthetic pathway, or biochemical reaction [NCIT:C19899], used by a plant to convert carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] into carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646], with options being C3 photosynthesis [GO:0019253], C4 photosynthesis [GO:0009760], and CAM photosynthesis [GO:0009761]. Type of photosynthetic pathway displayed by a plant.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	photosynthetic_pathway_c3 Plant using the ‘standard’ photosynthetic pathway, where a 3-carbon compound is produced after the first stage in the photosynthetic pathway. photosynthetic_pathway_c4 Plants in which the photosynthetic light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle are physically separated to reduce photorespiration. photosynthetic_pathway_c3-c4 Taxa that shift between C3 and C4 photosynthesis. photosynthetic_pathway_cam Plants which display crassulacean acid metabolism. photosynthetic_pathway_c3-cam Taxa that shift between C3 and cam photosynthesis. photosynthetic_pathway_c4-cam Taxa that shift between C4 and cam photosynthesis. photosynthetic_pathway_facultative_cam Species that shifts between C3 and CAM photosynthesis depending on water availability. photosynthetic_pathway_unknown Photosynthetic pathway is unknown. (This trait value should be used if the photosynthetic pathway is assessed but unknown, not to record a lack of data.)
has broader	photosynthetic trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality
keyword	Calvin cycle; C3 photosynthesis (reductive pentose-phosphate cycle C4 photosynthesis CAM photosynthesis biochemical reaction photosynthesis, dark reaction photosynthesis
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis pathway [TRY:22] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Photosynthetic_pathway [GIFT:4.2.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020221

Bark photosynthesis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020222
alternative label	bark_photosynthetic_status
description	A photosynthetic trait [TO:0001015] which indicates whether a plant’s bark [PO:0004518] does or does not have a photosynthetic rate greater than zero. Binary variable indicating whether bark is photosynthetic.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	bark_photosynthetic_status_non_photosynthetic_bark Plant’s bark is not photosynthetic. bark_photosynthetic_status_photosynthetic_bark Plant’s bark is photosynthetic.
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	bark
measured characteristic	organismal quality
keyword	photosynthetic rate biochemical reaction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	photosynthetic_bark
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020222

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under ambient light and CO2 (A)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020240
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_area_ambient
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, per unit leaf area.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	40
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate per unit area rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match	Photosynthetic rate
has close match	photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [TOP357] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf area [TRY:53] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_area_ambient
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020240

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under saturating light and CO2 (Amax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020241
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_area_maximum
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations, at optimal leaf temperature and VPD conditions, per unit leaf area; maximum photosynthetic rate.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	65
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate per unit area rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match	Photosynthetic rate
has close match	photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [TOP357] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf area [TRY:53] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_area_maximum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020241

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf area under saturating light and ambient CO2 (Asat)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020242
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_area_saturated
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and ambient [NCIT:C62306] atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, per unit leaf area; light-saturated photosynthetic rate.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	65
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate per unit area rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match	Photosynthetic rate
has close match	photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [TOP357] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf area [TRY:53] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_area_saturated
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020242

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under ambient light and CO2 (A)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020243
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_ambient
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, at ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, per unit leaf dry mass.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	0.8
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [TOP359] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf dry mass [TRY:40] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_ambient
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020243

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under saturating light and CO2 (Amax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020244
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_maximum
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations, at optimal leaf temperature and VPD conditions, per unit leaf dry mass; maximum photosynthetic rate.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [TOP359] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf dry mass [TRY:40] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021 Field & Mooney 1986
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_maximum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020244

Leaf photosynthesis rate per unit leaf dry mass under saturating light and ambient CO2 (Asat)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020245
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_saturated
description	The photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and ambient [NCIT:C62306] atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451; CHEBI:16526] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The photosynthetic rate of a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, air temperature and vapour pressure deficit, per unit leaf dry mass; saturated photosynthetic rate.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosynthetic rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate rate
keyword	photosynthetic rate photosystem photosynthetically active radiation carbon dioxide biochemical reaction saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate photosynthetic rate
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [TOP359] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf dry mass [TRY:40] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf photosynthetic rate per leaf dry mass [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021 Field & Mooney 1986
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	photosynthetic_rate_per_dry_mass_saturated
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020245

Leaf internal CO2 concentration during Amax measurement (ci)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020310
alternative label	leaf_intercellular_CO2_concentration_at_Amax
description	The intercellular space [PO:0025379] carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] concentration [PATO:0000033] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations. The CO2 concentration in intercellular (interstitial) spaces in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations; ci.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mol micromole per mole
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1800
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	intercellular space carbon dioxide maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match	Internal CO2 concentration
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: intercellular CO2 concentration [TRY:3366] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	ci_at_Amax
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020310

Internal CO2 concentration during Asat measurement (ci)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020311
alternative label	leaf_intercellular_CO2_concentration_at_Asat
description	The intercellular space [PO:0025379] carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] concentration [PATO:0000033] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations. The CO2 concentration in intercellular (interstitial) spaces in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations; ci.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mol micromole per mole
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1300
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	intercellular space carbon dioxide saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match	Internal CO2 concentration
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: intercellular CO2 concentration [TRY:3366] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	ci_at_Asat
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020311

Internal CO2 concentration under ambient conditions (ci)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020312
alternative label	leaf_intercellular_CO2_concentration_at_Aambient
description	The intercellular space [PO:0025379] carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] concentration [PATO:0000033] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations. The CO2 concentration in intercellular (interstitial) spaces in a leaf exposed to ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations; ci.
comments	Leaf temperature and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit should be recorded as context properties. If Tleaf and VPD are not reported, it is assumed measurements are made at typical temperature and VPD conditions for the plant.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mol micromole per mole
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1300
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	intercellular space carbon dioxide ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match	Internal CO2 concentration
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: intercellular CO2 concentration [TRY:3366] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	ci_at_ambient
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020312

Ratio of internal to external CO2 concentrations (ci/ca)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020313
alternative label	leaf_intercellular_CO2_concentration_to_atmospheric_CO2_concentration_ratio
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of leaf [PO:0025034] intercellular space [PO:0025379] carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] concentration [PATO:0000033] to atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentration. The ratio of the CO2 concentration in intercellular (interstitial) spaces in leaves to the atmospheric CO2 concentration, an indication of stomatal conductance; ci/ca.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2_internal}/umol{CO2_ambient} micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1.3
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	intercellular space carbon dioxide cell atmospheric carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis: intercellular CO2 concentration to ambient CO2 (ci/ca) [TRY:3379] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021 Wong 1979
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	ci_over_ca
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020313

CO2 concentration inside chloroplasts (cc)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020314
alternative label	leaf_chloroplast_CO2_concentration
description	The concentration [PATO:0000033] of carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] inside chloroplasts [GO:0009507] in leaves [PO:0025034]. CO2 concentration inside chloroplasts in leaves; cc.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/umol micromole per micromole
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	carbon dioxide chloroplast cell
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis CO2 concentration at chloroplast [TRY:3007] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	cc
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020314

Ambient CO2 concentration (ca)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020315
alternative label	atmospheric_CO2_concentration
description	The atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentration [PATO:0000033]. Atmospheric CO2 concentration (external CO2 concentration); ca.
comments	This is not a trait itself, but will often be used to calculate traits related to photosynthetic rates and therefore is recorded.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mol micromole per mole
minAllowedValue	50
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	carbon dioxide concentration trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	concentration mass fraction ratio; proportion
keyword	atmospheric carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	ca
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020315

Leaf Jmax per unit leaf area (Jmax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020410
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_per_area
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] electron transport [MESH:D004579] rate [PATO:0000161] through the photosynthetic [GO:0015979] electron transport chain [GO:0022900], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323]. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the portion of the photosynthesis A-ci response curve at high carbon dioxide concentrations where ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions [GO:0019684] limits the rate of carboxylation [MOP:0000591]. The maximum potential photosynthetic electron transport rate, recorded per unit leaf area. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at high carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the rate of ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions.
comments	This trait is explicitly for Jmax per leaf area measurements made at a temperature other than 25 deg C. It is essential to record measurement temperature as a context property as Jmax is very sensitive to changes in temperature. Measurements made at 25 deg C should be mapped to leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_per_area_25C
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	800
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate per unit area
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match	Leaf electron transport rate
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis electron transport capacity (Jmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:269] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Medlyn 2002 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Von Caemmerer 2000
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	Jmax_per_area; leaf_fluorescence_Jmax_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020410

Leaf Jmax per unit leaf area at 25 deg C (Jmax25)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020411
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_per_area_25C
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] electron transport [MESH:D004579] rate [PATO:0000161] through the photosynthetic [GO:0015979] electron transport chain [GO:0022900], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323] and measured at 25 Celsius. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the portion of the photosynthesis A-ci response curve at high carbon dioxide concentrations where ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions [GO:0019684] limits the rate of carboxylation [MOP:0000591]. The maximum potential photosynthetic electron transport rate, measured at 25 Celsius and recorded per unit leaf area. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at high carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the rate of ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions.
comments	This trait is explicitly for Jmax per leaf area measurements made at a temperature of 25 deg C. Measurements made at other temperatures should be mapped to leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_per_area
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	35
maxAllowedValue	800
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate per unit area
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match	Leaf electron transport rate
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis electron transport capacity (Jmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:269] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Medlyn 2002 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Von Caemmerer 2000
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	Jmax_per_area; leaf_fluorescence_Jmax_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020411

Leaf Jmax per unit leaf mass (Jmax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020412
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_per_mass
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] electron transport [MESH:D004579] rate [PATO:0000161] through the photosynthetic [GO:0015979] electron transport chain [GO:0022900], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] mass [PATO:0000125]. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the portion of the photosynthesis A-ci response curve at high carbon dioxide concentrations where ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions [GO:0019684] limits the rate of carboxylation [MOP:0000591]. The maximum potential photosynthetic electron transport rate, recorded per unit leaf mass. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at high carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the rate of ATP and NADPH production by the light reactions.
comments	Jmax values are very dependent on leaf temperature, so leaf temperature needs to be included as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	3
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Leaf electron transport rate
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis electron transport capacity (Jmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:269] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Von Caemmerer 2000
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020412

Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf area (Vcmax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020413
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Vcmax_per_area
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] carboxylation [MOP:0000591] rate [PATO:0000161] by the Rubisco complex [GO:0048492] in plant leaves [PO:0025034], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323]. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the initial slope of a photosynthesis [GO:0015979] A-ci response curve, the component that is carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] limited and hence limited by Rubisco activity. The apparent maximum rate of Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activity carboxylase activity (carboxylation capacity), recorded per unit leaf dry mass. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at low carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the Rubisco activity.
comments	This trait is explicitly for Vcmax per leaf area measurements made at a temperature other than 25 deg C. It is essential to record measurement temperature as a context property as Vcmax is very sensitive to changes in temperature. Measurements made at 25 deg C should be mapped to leaf_photosynthesis_Vcmax_per_area_25C
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	300
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate per unit area
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction photosynthesis, dark reaction rubisco complex, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match	Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:186] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Medlyn 2002 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Ellsworth 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	Vcmax_per_area; leaf_fluorescence_Vcmax_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020413

Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf area at 25 deg C (Vcmax25)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020414
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Vcmax_per_area_25C
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] carboxylation [MOP:0000591] rate [PATO:0000161] by the Rubisco complex [GO:0048492] in plant leaves [PO:0025034], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323] and measured at 25 Celsius. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the initial slope of a photosynthesis [GO:0015979] A-ci response curve, the component that is carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] limited and hence limited by Rubisco activity. The apparent maximum rate of Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activity carboxylase activity (carboxylation capacity), measured at 25 Celsius and recorded per unit leaf area. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at low carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the Rubisco activity.
comments	This trait is explicitly for Vcmax per leaf area measurements made at a temperature of 25 deg C. Measurements made at other temperatures should be mapped to leaf_photosynthesis_Vcmax_per_area
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	300
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate per unit area
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction photosynthesis, dark reaction rubisco complex, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match	Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:186] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Medlyn 2002 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Ellsworth 2022
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	Vcmax_per_area; leaf_fluorescence_Vcmax_per_area
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020414

Leaf Vcmax per unit leaf mass (Vcmax)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020415
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Vcmax_per_mass
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] carboxylation [MOP:0000591] rate [PATO:0000161] by the Rubisco complex [GO:0048492] in plant leaves [PO:0025034], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] mass [PATO:0000125]. The value is a model parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the initial slope of a photosynthesis [GO:0015979] A-ci response curve, the component that is carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] limited and hence limited by Rubisco activity. The apparent maximum rate of Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) activity carboxylase activity (carboxylation capacity), recorded per unit leaf mass. This is a model-derived value, calculated from the portion of an A-ci response curve (curve showing the photosynthetic response to increasing carbon dioxide concentrations) at low carbon dioxide concentrations. This is the portion of the curve where the photosynthetic rate is limited by the Rubisco activity.
comments	Vcmax values are very dependent on leaf temperature, so leaf temperature needs to be included as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	2
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction photosynthesis, dark reaction rubisco complex, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex carbon dioxide
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Instantaneous carboxylation efficiency
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis carboxylation capacity (Vcmax) per leaf area (Farquhar model) [TRY:186] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Farquhar 1980 Medlyn 2002 Evans 2010 Ely 2021 Ellsworth 2022
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020415

Leaf Jmax to leaf Vcmax ratio at 25 deg C

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020416
alternative label	leaf_photosynthesis_Jmax_over_Vcmax_25C
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] maximum [NCIT:C25564] electron transport [MESH:D004579] rate [PATO:0000161] to its maximum carboxylation [MOP:0000591] rate, reflecting the trade-off between photosynthetic gain and costs of excess energy dissipation, with the ratio affected by temperature, photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] (light), and carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] concentration. These are both model parameters [STATO:0000034] derived from a photosynthesis [GO:0015979] A-ci response curve. Ratio of photosynthetic electron transport capacity (Jmax) to maximum Rubisco activity (carboxylation capacity) (Vcmax). These are model-derived parameters, calculated from an A-ci response curve, reflecting, respectively the component of the curve where photosynthetic rates are limited by the light reactions versus low carbon dioxide concentrations.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	5
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate model parameter enzyme activity rate dimensionless ratio
keyword	carboxylation photosynthesis Models, Theoretical biochemical reaction photosynthesis, dark reaction rubisco complex, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex carbon dioxide electron transport chain
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Farquhar 1980
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	fluorescence_Jmax_over_Vcmax; leaf_fluorescence_Jmax_over_Vcmax
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020416

Leaf maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020417
alternative label	leaf_fluorescence_fv_over_fm
description	Maximum [NCIT:C25564] quantum yield [TO:0012004] of photosystem II [GO:0009539], as determined through chlorophyll fluorescence [GO:0090546]. Quantum yield is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of photons [NCIT:C88112] absorbed to photons emitted [SIO:000384] through fluorescence. A trait that indicates the health of photosystem II in a dark adapted leaf. Quantum yield is calculated as the ratio of variable fluorescence (Fv) to maximum fluorescence (Fm), with a higher value indicating a healthier leaf. Variable fluorescence (Fv) is calculated as the difference in fluorescence between a leaf where all photsystems have been saturated by light (Fm) and a leaf in a dark-adapted state (minimum fluorescence; Fo).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.2
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate enzyme activity rate ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	quantum yield chlorophyll fluorescence biochemical reaction photosystem II reaction center photosynthesis, light reaction electron transport chain
scope note
has exact match
has close match	continuous fluorescence yield Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis: quantum efficiency of photosystem II (maximum potential, FvFm) [TRY:3393] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Maxwell & Johnson 2000 Long 1993
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020417

Leaf ambient quantum yield

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020418
alternative label	leaf_fluorescence_quantum_yield
description	Ambient quantum yield [TO:0012004] of photosystem II [GO:0009539], as determined through chlorophyll fluorescence [GO:0090546]. Quantum yield is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of photons [NCIT:C88112] absorbed to photons emitted [SIO:000384] through fluorescence. A trait that indicates the health of photosystem II in a light adapted leaf. Quantum yield is calculated as the ratio of (maximum fluorescence under ambient conditions)-(fluorescence under ambient conditions)/(maximum fluorescence under ambient conditions).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate enzyme activity rate ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	quantum yield chlorophyll fluorescence biochemical reaction photosystem II reaction center photosynthesis, light reaction electron transport chain
scope note
has exact match
has close match	continuous fluorescence yield Leaf quantum yield of photosystem II
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis: quantum efficiency of photosystem II (maximum potential, FvFm) [TRY:3393] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Maxwell & Johnson 2000 Long 1993
date created	29/03/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020418

Leaf quantum yield, gas exchange measurement

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020419
alternative label	leaf_gas_exchange_quantum_yield
description	Ambient quantum yield [TO:0012004] of photosystem II [GO:0009539], as determined through gas exchange measurements. Quantum yield is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of photons [NCIT:C88112] absorbed to photons emitted [SIO:000384] through fluorescence. Ambient quantum yield of photosystem II, as determined through gas exchange measurements. Quantum yield is the ratio of photons absorbed to photons emitted through fluorescence.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosystem performance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate enzyme activity rate ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	quantum yield chlorophyll fluorescence biochemical reaction photosystem II reaction center photosynthesis, light reaction electron transport chain
scope note
has exact match	quantum yield determined by the light curve
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Singsaas 2001
date created	21/04/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020419

Leaf heat tolerance maximum critical temperature (Tcrit-cold or Tcrit-min)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020420
alternative label	leaf_critical_temperature_minimum
description	A temperature response trait [TO:0000432] which is the temperature [PATO:0000146] threshold at which photosystem II [GO:0009539] begins to become inactive [PATO:0002355] as the leaf temperature decreases (is cooled) [PATO:0001306]. This is a modelled parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the inflection point on a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence [GO:0090546] curve. The temperature threshold at which photosystem II begins to become inactive as the leaf temperature decreases. This is a modelled parameter derived from the inflection point on a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence curve.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	C
minAllowedValue	-50
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	photosystem performance trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	temperature minimum
keyword	photosystem II reaction center model parameter chlorophyll fluorescence
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Arnold 2021
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020420

Leaf heat tolerance minimum critical temperature (Tcrit-hot or Tcrit-max)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020421
alternative label	leaf_critical_temperature_maximum
description	A temperature response trait [TO:0000432] which is the temperature [PATO:0000146] threshold at which photosystem II [GO:0009539] begins to become inactive [PATO:0002355] as the leaf temperature increases (is heated) [PATO:0001305]. This is a modelled parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from the inflection point on a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence [GO:0090546] curve. The temperature threshold at which photosystem II begins to become inactive as the leaf temperature increases. This is a modelled parameter derived from the inflection point on a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence curve.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	C
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	photosystem performance trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	temperature maximum
keyword	photosystem II reaction center model parameter chlorophyll fluorescence
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Arnold 2021
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020421

Leaf heat tolerance maximum temperature (Tmax-hot)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020422
alternative label	leaf_maximum_temperature
description	A temperature response trait [TO:0000432] which is the temperature [PATO:0000146] at maximum [NCIT:C25564] chlorophyll fluorescence (F0) [GO:0090546] as the leaf temperature increases (is heated) [PATO:0001305] which corresponds to potential sustained damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This is a modelled parameter [STATO:0000034] derived from a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence [GO:0090546] curve. The temperature at maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (F0) as the leaf temperature increases (is heated), which corresponds to potential sustained damage to the photosynthetic apparatus. This is a modelled parameter derived from a temperature - basal chlorophyll A fluorescence curve.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	C
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	photosystem performance trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	temperature maximum
keyword	photosystem II reaction center model parameter chlorophyll fluorescence
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020422

Leaf ice nucleation temperature

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020423
alternative label	leaf_ice_nucleation_temperature
description	A temperature response trait [TO:0000432] which is the temperature [PATO:0000146] at which ice [ENVO:01001125] crystals [ENVO:01000845] begin to form inside plant tissues [CARO:0000043]. The temperature at which ice crystals begin to form inside plant tissues.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	C
minAllowedValue	-40
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	temperature
keyword	leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020423

Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf area, in the dark (Rdark)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020510
alternative label	leaf_dark_respiration_per_area
description	The cellular respiration [GO:0045333] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] in the dark (absence of any photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864]), recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The respiration rate of a leaf in the dark (absence of photosynthetically active radiation), calculated as the production of CO2 per unit leaf area.
comments	Respiration is heavily temperature dependent and the measurement temperature should be specified in the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	nmol{CO2}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	15000
has broader	respiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	cellular respiration carbon dioxide dark biochemical reaction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	respiration rate
examples	exact match: Leaf dark respiration rate per leaf area [TOP361] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf respiration rate in the dark per leaf area [TRY:54] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020510

Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf dry mass, in the dark (Rdark)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020511
alternative label	leaf_dark_respiration_per_dry_mass
description	The cellular respiration [GO:0045333] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] in the dark (absence of any photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864]), recorded per unit leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The respiration rate of a leaf in the dark (absence of photosynthetically active radiation), calculated as the production of CO2 per unit leaf dry mass.
comments	Respiration is heavily temperature dependent and the measurement temperature should be specified in the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	nmol{CO2}/g/s
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	respiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate ratio; proportion rate
keyword	cellular respiration carbon dioxide dark biochemical reaction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	respiration rate
examples	exact match: Leaf dark respiration rate per leaf dry mass [TOP362] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf respiration rate in the dark per leaf dry mass [TRY:41] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020511

Leaf respiration rate per unit leaf area, in the light (Rday)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020512
alternative label	leaf_light_respiration_per_area
description	The cellular respiration [GO:0045333] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels, recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The respiration rate of a leaf in ambient light (ambient photosynthetically active radiation), calculated as the production of CO2 per unit leaf area.
comments	Respiration is heavily temperature dependent and the measurement temperature should be specified in the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	nmol{CO2}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	respiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	cellular respiration carbon dioxide biochemical reaction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	respiration rate
examples	exact match: Leaf respiration rate in light per leaf area [TRY:512] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020512

Stem respiration rate per unit stem area, in the dark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020513
alternative label	stem_dark_respiration_per_area
description	The cellular respiration [GO:0045333] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant stems [PO:0009047] in the dark (absence of any photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864]), recorded per unit stem area [PATO:0001323]. The respiration rate of a stem in the dark (absence of photosynthetically active radiation), calculated as the production of CO2 per unit stem area.
comments	Respiration is heavily temperature dependent and the measurement temperature should be specified in the methods or as a context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	respiration rate trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	reaction rate ratio; proportion rate
keyword	cellular respiration carbon dioxide dark biochemical reaction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	respiration rate
examples	exact match: Stem respiration rate per stem dry mass [TRY:519] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	stem_respiration_per_dry_mass
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020513

Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area under ambient conditions (gsw)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020610
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_conductance_per_area_ambient
description	The stomatal conductance [EnvThes:21211] to water vapour of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Stomatal conductance is the rate [PATO:0000161] of gaseous [MESH:D005740] water [CHEBI:15377] diffusion [NCIT:C82333] through stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of gaseous water diffusion through stomata in a leaf exposed to ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	Stomatal conductance refers to both the rate of water vapour diffusion exiting the leaf and carbon dioxide diffusion entering the leaf, but is reported here as the rate of water exiting the leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	stomatal conductance water stomata; stomatal pore diffusion ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match	Stomatal conductance to CO2
has close match	stomatal conductance
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomatal conductance for h2o [TOP368] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stomata conductance per leaf area [TRY:45] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf stomatal conductance for H2O per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	stomatal_conductance_per_area_ambient
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020610

Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area during Amax measurement (gsw)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020611
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_conductance_per_area_at_Amax
description	The stomatal conductance [EnvThes:21211] to water vapour of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Stomatal conductance is the rate [PATO:0000161] of gaseous [MESH:D005740] water [CHEBI:15377] diffusion [NCIT:C82333] through stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of gaseous water diffusion through stomata in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	Stomatal conductance refers to both the rate of water vapour diffusion exiting the leaf and carbon dioxide diffusion entering the leaf, but is reported here as the rate of water exiting the leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	stomatal conductance water stomata; stomatal pore diffusion maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match	Stomatal conductance to water vapour
has close match	stomatal conductance
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomatal conductance for h2o [TOP368] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stomata conductance per leaf area [TRY:45] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf stomatal conductance for H2O per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	stomatal_conductance_per_area_at_Amax
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020611

Leaf stomatal conductance to water vapour per unit leaf area during Asat measurement (gsw)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020612
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_conductance_per_area_at_Asat
description	The stomatal conductance [EnvThes:21211] to water vapour of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Stomatal conductance is the rate [PATO:0000161] of gaseous [MESH:D005740] water [CHEBI:15377] diffusion [NCIT:C82333] through stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of gaseous water diffusion through stomata in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	Stomatal conductance refers to both the rate of water vapour diffusion exiting the leaf and carbon dioxide diffusion entering the leaf, but is reported here as the rate of water exiting the leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	stomatal conductance water stomata; stomatal pore diffusion saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match	Stomatal conductance to CO2
has close match	stomatal conductance
has related match
examples	exact match: Stomatal conductance for h2o [TOP368] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Stomata conductance per leaf area [TRY:45] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf stomatal conductance for H2O per leaf area [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	stomatal_conductance_per_area_at_Asat
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020612

Leaf stomatal water vapour resistance under ambient conditions

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020630
alternative label	leaf_stomatal_resistance_ambient
description	The stomatal [PO:0008032] water vapour resistance [SWEET:propConductivity/Resistance] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Stomatal resistance is the resistance to the diffusion [NCIT:C82333] of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] through stomata. Leaf stomatal water vapour resistance under ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations.
comments	Stomatal resistance is the inverse of leaf stomatal conductance and is regularly used in environmental models and meteorology. An equation converts between stomatal resistance in distance units and stomatal conductance in molar units obtained through gas exchange readings (‘Plants and Microclimate’ by H.G. Jones (1992), page 55 and Appendix 3; ‘Elevated Carbon Dioxide Impacts on Soil and Plant Water Relations’ by M.B. Kirkham (2011), page 149).
value type	continuous variable
unit	s/m
minAllowedValue	10
maxAllowedValue	1e+06
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity rate resistance
keyword	stomata; stomatal pore atmospheric carbon dioxide water stomatal conductance diffusion ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match
has close match	stomatal resistance
has related match
examples	related match: Stomatal conductance for h2o [TOP368] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) related match: Leaf water storage transfer resistance [TRY:714] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Jones 1992 Kirkham 2016
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	stomatal_resistance_conductance_ambient
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020630

Leaf mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide per unit leaf area (gm)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020640
alternative label	leaf_mesophyll_conductance_per_area
description	The diffusion [NCIT:C82333] rate [PATO:0000161] of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] in plant leaves [PO:0025034] from intercellular spaces [PO:0025379] to chloroplasts [GO:0009507], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. The rate of carbon dioxide movement between sub-stomatal cavities (intracellular space) and chloroplasts, per unit leaf area
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mol{CO2}/m2/s mole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	carbon dioxide intercellular space chloroplast diffusion mesophyll airway conductance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf mesophyll conductance [TRY:964] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021 Flexas 2012 Evans 2009 Warren 2006
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020640

Leaf mesophyll conductance to carbon dioxide per unit leaf mass (gm)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020641
alternative label	leaf_mesophyll_conductance_per_mass
description	The diffusion [NCIT:C82333] rate [PATO:0000161] of carbon dioxide [CHEBI:16526] in plant leaves [PO:0025034] from intercellular spaces [PO:0025379] to chloroplasts [GO:0009507], recorded per unit leaf dry mass [TO:0001014]. The rate of carbon dioxide movement between sub-stomatal cavities (intracellular space) and chloroplasts, per unit leaf mass
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{CO2}/g/s millimole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity ratio; proportion rate
keyword	carbon dioxide intercellular space chloroplast diffusion mesophyll airway conductance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf mesophyll conductance [TRY:964] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021 Flexas 2012 Evans 2009 Warren 2006
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020641

Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area under ambient conditions (E)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020660
alternative label	leaf_transpiration_per_area_ambient
description	The transpiration [ENVO:02500035] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Transpiration rate is the rate at which plants lose water [CHEBI:15377] vapor [NCIT:C63390] through their stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of water loss from a leaf exposed to ambient light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	This trait assumes measurements were made on a leaf under changer conditions. Commercial gas exchange systems create wind inside the chamber to measure transpiration, which means transpiration inside chambers is not the same as transpiration with no chamber involved.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore vapor ambient photosynthetic rate
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Transpiration rate transpiration rate
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:111] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:3367] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	leaf_transpiration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020660

Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area during Amax measurement (E)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020661
alternative label	leaf_transpiration_per_area_at_Amax
description	The transpiration [ENVO:02500035] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Transpiration rate is the rate at which plants lose water [CHEBI:15377] vapor [NCIT:C63390] through their stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of water loss from a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	This trait assumes measurements were made on a leaf under changer conditions. Commercial gas exchange systems create wind inside the chamber to measure transpiration, which means transpiration inside chambers is not the same as transpiration with no chamber involved.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore vapor maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Transpiration rate transpiration rate
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:111] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:3367] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	leaf_transpiration_at_Amax
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020661

Leaf transpiration per unit leaf area during Asat measurement (E)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020662
alternative label	leaf_transpiration_per_area_at_Asat
description	The transpiration [ENVO:02500035] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Transpiration rate is the rate at which plants lose water [CHEBI:15377] vapor [NCIT:C63390] through their stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of water loss from a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments	This trait assumes measurements were made on a leaf under changer conditions. Commercial gas exchange systems create wind inside the chamber to measure transpiration, which means transpiration inside chambers is not the same as transpiration with no chamber involved.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore vapor saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Transpiration rate transpiration rate
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:111] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) related match: Photosynthesis A/Ci curve: transpiration rate per leaf area [TRY:3367] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	leaf_transpiration_at_Asat
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020662

Leaf transpiration rate per unit leaf area, in the dark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020663
alternative label	leaf_dark_transpiration_per_area
description	The transpiration [ENVO:02500035] rate [PATO:0000161] of plant leaves [PO:0025034] in the dark (absence of any photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864]) and exposed to ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033], recorded per unit leaf area [PATO:0001323]. Transpiration rate is the rate at which plants lose water [CHEBI:15377] vapor [NCIT:C63390] through their stomata [PO:0008032]. The rate of water loss from a leaf in the dark (no photosynthetically active radiation) and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s micromole per square metre second
minAllowedValue	1e-04
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore vapor dark
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf transpiration rate at nighttime [TRY:1267] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020663

Integrated plant transpiration

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020664
alternative label	integrated_plant_transpiration
description	Rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] loss integrated across an entire plant [PO:0000003], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323] and measured across a duration [PATO:0001309] of at least one day. The rate of water loss integrated across an entire plant, as calculated across longer periods of time under experimental conditions, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/cm2{leaf}/d gram per square centimetre day
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion duration
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore vapor
scope note
has exact match	plant transpiration
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Crown (canopy) transpiration [TRY:749] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	whole_plant_transpiration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020664

Whole plant sapflow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020665
alternative label	whole_plant_sapflow
description	Rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] flow (velocity [PATO:0002242]) through a plant stem [PO:0009047], recorded per unit leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323]. The rate of water flow (velocity) through a plant stem, recorded per unit leaf area.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	m3{H20}/m2{sapwood}/h cubic metre per hour square metre
has broader	transpiration rate trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	rate ratio; proportion velocity
keyword	transpiration water stomata; stomatal pore
scope note
has exact match	sap flow
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Stem sap flow rate [TRY:3796] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	O’Grady 2010 McElrone & Bleby 2010
date created	22/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020665

Leaf cuticular conductance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020666
alternative label	leaf_cuticular_conductance
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] (conductance) out of a leaf through the cuticle [PO:0000022]. The rate of water movement (conductance) out of a leaf through its cuticle.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol{H2O}/m2/s
minAllowedValue	-100
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	water transport water plant cuticle leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf cuticular conductance [TRY:709] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020666

Leaf conductance to surface water (ksurf)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020667
alternative label	leaf_conductance_surface_water
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] (conductance) from a leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to the inside of the leaf. The rate of water movement (conductance) from a leaf lamina to the inside of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{H2O}/m2/MPa/s
minAllowedValue	-100
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate
keyword	water transport stomatal conductance stomata; stomatal pore water leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020667

Leaf foliar water uptake

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020668
alternative label	leaf_foliar_water_uptake_rate
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is the amount of water [CHEBI:15377] that moves [NCIT:C37994] from a leaf lamina [PO:0020039] to the inside of the leaf. The amount of water that moves from a leaf lamina to the inside of the leaf.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mol{H2O}/m2
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass per unit area ratio; proportion conductivity
keyword	water transport water leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020668

Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Amax measurement (PNUE)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020710
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_nitrogen_use_efficiency_maximum
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] content, where photosynthesis is measured in plant leaves whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033]. The ratio of photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation rate) to leaf nitrogen content, where photosynthesis has been measured in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations; PNUE.
comments	Leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate can be record either per unit leaf area or per unit leaf mass, but both must have the same denominator.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g{N}/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	gas exchange trait live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate mass ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate nitrogen atom biochemical reaction maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match
has close match	nitrogen use efficiency
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf nitrogen (N) content (photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, PNUE) [TRY:135] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Field & Mooney 1986
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020710

Leaf photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency during Asat measurement (PNUE)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020711
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_nitrogen_use_efficiency_saturated
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its nitrogen [CHEBI:25555] content, with the photosynthesis measurements made on leaves which are saturated [NCIT:C61427] by photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and which are exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033]. The ratio of photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation rate) to leaf nitrogen content, where photosynthesis has been measured in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations; PNUE.
comments	Leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate can be record either per unit leaf area or per unit leaf mass, but both must have the same denominator.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g{N}/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	gas exchange trait live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate mass ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate nitrogen atom biochemical reaction saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match
has close match	nitrogen use efficiency
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf nitrogen (N) content (photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency, PNUE) [TRY:135] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Field & Mooney 1986
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020711

Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Amax measurement PPUE)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020712
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_phosphorus_use_efficiency_maximum
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] content, where photosynthesis is measured in plant leaves whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to saturating [NCIT:C61427] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033]. The ratio of photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation rate) to leaf phosphorus content, where photosynthesis has been measured in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and saturating carbon dioxide concentrations; PPUE.
comments	Leaf phosphorus content and photosynthetic rate can be record either per unit leaf area or per unit leaf mass, but both must have the same denominator.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g{P}/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	gas exchange trait live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate mass ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate phosphorus atom biochemical reaction maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020712

Leaf photosynthetic phosphorus use efficiency during Asat measurement (PPUE)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020713
alternative label	leaf_photosynthetic_phosphorus_use_efficiency_saturated
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its phosphorus [CHEBI:28659] content, with the photosynthesis measurements made on leaves which are saturated [NCIT:C61427] by photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and which are exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033]. The ratio of photosynthesis (CO2 assimilation rate) to leaf phosphorus content, where photosynthesis has been measured in a leaf exposed to saturating light (photosynthetically active radiation) levels and ambient carbon dioxide concentrations; PPUE.
comments	Leaf phosphorus content and photosynthetic rate can be record either per unit leaf area or per unit leaf mass, but both must have the same denominator.
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/g{P}/s micromole per gram second
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	gas exchange trait live leaf mineral and ion content trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate mass ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate phosphorus atom biochemical reaction saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020713

Integrated water use efficiency

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020760
alternative label	leaf_water_use_efficiency_integrated
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of biomass [ENVO:01000155] production [EnvThes:21071] (carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] fixation) to transpiration [ENVO:02500035] (water [CHEBI:15377] loss) across a given time interval [TimeInterval]. The rate of carbon dioxide fixation relative to water loss, calculated as biomass production / transpiration. This measures how much biomass is produced relative to transpiration across a given time interval, and is therefore an integrated measure of water use efficiency; WUE, transpiration ratio
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g{biomass}/g{H2O} gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	50
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	water use efficiency water transpiration growth
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Jones 2009
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	water_use_efficiency_integrated
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020760

Intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020761
alternative label	leaf_water_use_efficiency_intrinsic
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its stomatal conductance [EnvThes:21211], with photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance determined by gas exchange measurements. The ratio of photosynthetic rate (A; CO2 assimilation rate) to stomatal conductance (gs; gaseous diffusion), with photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance determined from gas exchange measurements.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mmol{H2O} micromole per millimole
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	2
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate water use efficiency water stomatal conductance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	Water use efficiency Water use efficiency water use efficiency
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis rate per stomatal conductance [TRY:3128] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Jones 2009 Ely 2021
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	water_use_efficiency_intrinsic
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020761

Instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020762
alternative label	leaf_water_use_efficiency_instantaneous
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of a leaf’s [PO:0025034] photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] to its transpiration [ENVO:02500035] rate [PATO:0000161], with photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate determined by gas exchange measurements. The ratio of photosynthetic rate (A; CO2 assimilation rate) to transpiration rate (E; water loss), with photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate determined from gas exchange measurements, inside a leaf chamber. This is usually called instantaneous water use efficiency, but can also be referred to as photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE) or transpiration efficiency.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	umol{CO2}/mmol{H2O} micromole per millimole
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	gas exchange trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	reaction rate ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	photosynthetic rate water use efficiency water transpiration
scope note
has exact match	Water use efficiency Water use efficiency water use efficiency
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Photosynthesis rate per leaf transpiration (photosynthetic water use effinciency: WUE) [TRY:134] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Jones 2009
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Belinda Medlyn David Ellsworth
change note	water_use_efficiency_photosynthetic; leaf_water_use_efficiency_photosynthetic
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020762

Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020813
alternative label	leaf_photochemical_reflectance_index
description	A remote sensing [EnvThes:21762] index [NCIT:C25390] of the efficiency [PATO:0001029] with which a whole plant [PO:0000003] uses photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864], calculated from the reflectance [EnvThes:21580] of radiation [ENVO:01001023] off the plant canopy [ENVO:01001242] at 531 nm (a xanthophyll [CHEBI:27325] band) and 570 nm (a reference band): PRI = (R531 - R570) / (R531 + R570). It is recorded with a spectroradiometer [MOSAIC:00000974] and a higher value indicates a higher radiation use efficiency. Photochemical reflectance index measures plant responses to stress and the efficiency with which it uses photosynthetically active radiation, by indicating changes in carotenoid pigments in live foliage. It is calculated from the reflectance of radiation off the plant canopy at 531 nm (a xanthophyll band) and 570 nm (a reference band): PRI = (R531 - R570) / (R531 + R570), with a higher value indicating higher radiation use efficiency.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	-1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	photosystem performance trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio index efficiency reflectance
keyword	remote sensing canopy vegetation reflectance radiation photosynthetically active radiation xanthophyll Spectroradiometer carotenoid
scope note
has exact match	photochemical reflectance index
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Gamon 1997 Peñuelas 1997 Henrich & Brüser 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	leaf_PRI
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020813

Water band index

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020814
alternative label	leaf_water_band_index
description	A remote sensing [EnvThes:21762] index [NCIT:C25390] of whole plant [PO:0000003] water status, which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the reflectance [EnvThes:21580] of radiation [ENVO:01001023] off the plant canopy [ENVO:01001242] at 970 nm to the reflectance at 900 nm, recorded with a spectroradiometer [MOSAIC:00000974], where a higher value indicates a higher canopy water [CHEBI:15377] content. Water band index measures whole plant water status. It is the ratio of the reflectance of radiation off the plant canopy at 970 nm to the reflectance at 900 nm; a higher value indicates a higher canopy water content.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1.1
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio index reflectance
keyword	remote sensing canopy vegetation reflectance radiation vegetation Spectroradiometer water
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Peñuelas 1997 Henrich & Brüser 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	water_band_index
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020814

Modified normalized difference vegetation index (modified NDVI)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020815
alternative label	modified_NDVI
description	A remote sensing [EnvThes:21762] index [NCIT:C25390] of whole plant [PO:0000003] vegetation status, which is a ratio [PATO:0001470] that considers the relative reflectance [EnvThes:21580] of red light versus short-wave infrared radiation (SWIR) [ENVO:21001214] off the plant canopy [ENVO:01001242], where a higher value indicates greater vegetation health. The formula is: (SWIR - Red) / (SWIR + Red). A remote sensing index of whole plant vegetation status, which is a ratio that considers the relative reflectance of red light versus short-wave infrared radiation (SWIR) off the plant canopy, where a higher value indicates greater vegetation health. The formula is: (SWIR - Red) / (SWIR + Red).
comments	Modified NDVI is generally measured from Landsat data.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio index reflectance
keyword	remote sensing canopy vegetation reflectance radiation vegetation infrared radiation
scope note
has exact match	normalized difference vegetation index
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Jurgens 1997
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020815

Modified chlorophyll absorption ratio index 705

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020816
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_index_modified_ND705
description	A remote sensing [EnvThes:21762] index [NCIT:C25390] of chlorophyll [CHEBI:28966] absorption [SWEET:procWave/Absorption], which is a ratio [PATO:0001470] that considers the relative reflectance [EnvThes:21580] of different wavelengths off the plant canopy [ENVO:01001242], where a higher value indicates greater chlorophyll absorption. The formula is: (R750-R705)/(R750+R705+2(R445)). A remote sensing index of chlorophyll absorption, which is a ratio that considers the relative reflectance of different wavelengths off the plant canopy, where a higher value indicates greater chlorophyll absorption. The formula is: (R750-R705)/(R750+R705+2(R445)).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio index reflectance
keyword	remote sensing canopy vegetation reflectance radiation vegetation infrared radiation chlorophyll
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Henrich & Brüser 2022 Sims & Gamon 2002
date created	17/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020816

Leaf chlorophyll content in SPAD units

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0020817
alternative label	leaf_chlorophyll_content_SPAD
description	A relative measure of the mass [PATO:0000125] of chlorophyll [CHEBI:28966] in a leaf [PO:0025034] determined as the difference in light transmission [SWEET:procWave/Transmission] through a leaf at two specific wavelengths, red (650 nm, absorbed by chlorophyll) and infrared [ENVO:21001214] (940 nm, not absorbed by chlorophyll). A relative measure of a leaf’s chlorophyll content, determined as the difference in light transmission through a leaf at two specific wavelengths, red (650 nm, absorbed by chlorophyll) and infrared (940 nm, not absorbed by chlorophyll).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	pigment content trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio index
keyword	chlorophyll leaf lamina
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	01/04/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0020817

Stem hydraulic conductivity (Kh)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021013
alternative label	stem_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A stem [PO:0009047] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a stem under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), accounting for the stem length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow [NCIT:C41141] rate through the stem segment (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), multiplied by the path length measured (m). Kh; Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a stem segment. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient (MPa) across the stem segment, multiplied by the stem length (m).
comments	This trait should not be confused with hydraulic conductance (kh), which is the ratio of water flow flow rate to the water potential gradient across the stem segment, but IS NOT normalised to the path length and has units kg/MPa/s.
value type	continuous variable
unit	10^6.kg.m/MPa/s
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Branch hydraulic conductance [TRY:3392] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Choat 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021013

Sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021014
alternative label	sapwood_specific_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A stem [PO:0009047] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a stem under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), normalised to the diameter [PATO:0001334] of water transport tissues [CARO:0000043] and accounting for the stem length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow [NCIT:C41141] rate through the stem segment (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the sapwood [PO:0004513] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] (m2), then multiplied by the path length measured (m). Ks; Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a stem segment normalised to the sapwood cross-sectional area across which the flow is measured. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the sapwood cross sectional area (1/m2), then multiplied by the stem length (m).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg/m/MPa/s kilogram per metre megapascal second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit length ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait
scope note
has exact match	Xylem hydraulic conductivity
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Choat 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021014

Theoretical sapwood specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021015
alternative label	sapwood_specific_hydraulic_conductivity_theoretical
description	A stem [PO:0009047] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a theoretical [MESH:D008962] measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a stem under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), calculated from the Hagen Poiseuille equation [hupson:SCAIVPH_00000131], then normalised to the diameter [PATO:0001334] of water transport tissues [CARO:0000043] and accounting for the stem length [PATO:0000122]. It is the calculated sapwood hydraulic conductance, divided by the sapwood [PO:0004513] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] (m2), multiplied by the path length measured (m2). Theoretical Ks; A calculation of the theoretical flow rate of water (kg/s) along a stem for a given drop in pressure (MPa), normalised to the microscopically determined cross-sectional area without bark and pith (the diameter of water transport tissues). The calculation is based on Hagen-Poiseuille’s law.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg/m/MPa/s kilogram per metre megapascal second
minAllowedValue	0.05
maxAllowedValue	5000
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait Models, Theoretical Hagen Poiseuille equation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Wood (sapwood) specific conductivity (stem specific conductivity) [TRY:1096] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021015

Stem specific hydraulic conductivity (Ks)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021016
alternative label	stem_specific_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A stem [PO:0009047] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a stem under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), normalised to the diameter [PATO:0001334] of water transport tissues [CARO:0000043] and accounting for the stem length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow [NCIT:C41141] rate through the stem segment (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the stem cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] (m2), then multiplied by the path length measured (m). Ks; Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a stem segment normalised to the stem (sapwood + bark) cross-sectional area across which the flow is measured. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the stem cross sectional area (1/m2), then multiplied by the stem length (m).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg/m/MPa/s kilogram per metre megapascal second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit length ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Choat 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	transverse_branch_area_specific_conductivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021016

Leaf specific hydraulic conductance (kleaf)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021017
alternative label	leaf_specific_hydraulic_conductance
description	A leaf [PO:0025034] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a leaf under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), normalised to the leaf area [PATO:0001323]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow rate through the leaf (mmol/s) to the water potential gradient gradient from the petiole [PO:0020038] to mesophyll [PO:0006070] substomatal cavities (MPa), divided by the leaf area (m2). kleaf; Measure of how efficiently water is transported through a leaf. It is calculated as the ratio of water flow rate through the leaf (mmol/s) to the water potential gradient from the petiole to mesophyll substomatal cavities (MPa), divided by the leaf area (1/m2). As this is a measure of ‘conductance’ not ‘conductivity’ the measurement is not normalised to the path length (the leaf length).
comments	This trait is also sometimes referred to as ‘Leaf specific conductivity’ in the literature despite the fact it is not normalised to path length and therefore is a ‘conductance’ not a ‘conductivity’.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mmol/m2/MPa/s millimole per square metre megapascal second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity leaf water potential water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf hydraulic conductance [TRY:748] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Choat 2010 Blackman 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	leaf_hydraulic_conductivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021017

Leaf specific hydraulic conductivity (Kl)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021018
alternative label	leaf_specific_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A stem [PO:0009047] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a stem under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), normalised to the branches’ leaf [PO:0025034] area [PATO:0001323] and accounting for the path (stem) length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the total leaf area (1/m2), then multiplied by the stem length (m). Kl; Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a stem segment, normalised to the total leaf area distil to the stem segment. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the stem segment (MPa), divided by the total leaf area (1/m2), then multiplied by the stem length (m).
comments	This trait is a variant of sapwood specific conductivity normalised to leaf area, usually by multiple Ks (sapwood specific conductivity) by Huber value. It is not a measure of conductivity through a leaf.
value type	continuous variable
unit	10^4.kg/m/MPa/s
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity leaf water potential water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf area-specific conductivity (leaf specific conductivity) [TRY:928] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Choat 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021018

Root hydraulic conductivity (Kh)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021021
alternative label	root_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A root [PO:0009005] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a root under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), accounting for the root length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow [NCIT:C41141] rate through the root segment (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the root segment (MPa), multiplied by the path length measured (m). Kh; Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a root segment. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient (MPa) across the root segment, multiplied by the root length (m).
comments	This trait should not be confused with hydraulic conductance (kh), which is the ratio of water flow flow rate to the water potential gradient across the root segment, but IS NOT normalised to the path length and has units kg/MPa/s.
value type	continuous variable
unit	10^6.kg.m/MPa/s
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	2000
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit area ratio; proportion rate efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Branch hydraulic conductance [TRY:3392] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Choat 2010
date created	20/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021021

Root specific hydraulic conductivity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021022
alternative label	root_specific_hydraulic_conductivity
description	A root [PO:0009005] water transport [GO:0006833] trait which is a measure of the rate [PATO:0000161] of water [CHEBI:15377] movement [NCIT:C37994] through a root under a specific [NCIT:C38024] driving force [PATO:0001035] (water potential [EnvThes:22311] gradient [NCIT:C70693]), normalised to the diameter [PATO:0001334] of water transport tissues [CARO:0000043] and accounting for the root length [PATO:0000122]. It is calculated as the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the water flow [NCIT:C41141] rate through the root segment (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the root segment (MPa), divided by the root [PO:0004513] cross-sectional [NCIT:C63795] area [PATO:0001323] (m2), then multiplied by the path length measured (m). Measure of the efficiency of water flow through a root segment normalised to the root cross-sectional area across which the flow is measured. It is calculated as the ratio of the water flow rate (kg/s) to the water potential gradient across the root segment (MPa), divided by the root cross sectional area (1/m2), then multiplied by the root length (m).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg/m/MPa/s kilogram per metre megapascal second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	conductivity per unit length ratio; proportion rate force efficiency
keyword	water transport water water potential gradient hydraulic conductivity sapwood water stress trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Choat 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021022

Pre-dawn water potential

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021030
alternative label	water_potential_predawn
description	The shoot system [PO:0009006] water potential [EnvThes:22311] just before sunrise, a proxy for soil water potential [EnvThes:22283] and representing the plant’s daily maximum [NCIT:C25564] (least negative) water potential. The water potential of a plant’s shoot system just before sunrise, a proxy for soil water potential and the plant’s highest (least negative) water potential for the day.
comments	Predawn water potential is often assumed to equal the soil water potential, but the plant’s water potential does not necessarily equilibrate with soil water potential overnight. It is therefore better considered a ‘proxy’ of soil water potential.
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	shoot system water potential soil water potential leaf water potential water stress trait dawn
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf water potential
examples	related match: Leaf water & osmotic potential: leaf water potential [TRY:983] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021030

Midday water potential

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021031
alternative label	water_potential_midday
description	The average water potential [EnvThes:22311] of a plant’s leaf [PO:0025034] and shoot [PO:0009006] mesophyll [PO:0006070] tissue [CARO:0000043] during maximum midday transpiration [ENVO:02500035] and assumed to be the plant’s daily minimum [NCIT:C25570] water potential. The water potential of a plant’s leaf or shoot photosynthetic tissue during maximum midday transpiration, the time of day when the plant is most water stressed and has the lowest (most negative) water potential.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	shoot system water potential leaf water potential water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf water potential
examples	related match: Leaf water & osmotic potential: leaf water potential [TRY:983] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021031

Stem sapwood capacitance (C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021032
alternative label	stem_sapwood_capacitance
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the change in stem [PO:0009047] tissue [CARO:0000043] water [CHEBI:15377] volume to the change in stem tissue water potential [EnvThes:22311]. The ratio of the change in stem tissue water volume to the change in stem tissue water potential.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg{H20}/m3/MPa kilogram per cubic metre megapascal
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	700
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem
measured characteristic	capacitance
keyword	water turgor water stress trait turgor pressure water holding capacity
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Scholz 2011
date created	22/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021032

Leaf capacitance (Cleaf)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021033
alternative label	leaf_capacitance
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the change in leaf [PO:0025034] tissue [CARO:0000043] water [CHEBI:15377] volume to the change in leaf tissue water potential [EnvThes:22311]. The ratio of the change in leaf tissue water volume to the change in leaf tissue water potential.
comments	This trait is derived from pressure-volume curves.
value type	continuous variable
unit	1/MPa
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	20
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	capacitance
keyword	water turgor water stress trait turgor pressure water holding capacity pressure-volume curve
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf water capacitance [TRY:711] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Scholz 2011
date created	22/05/2023
date modified	06/06/2025
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021033

Root sapwood capacitance (C)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021034
alternative label	root_sapwood_capacitance
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the change in root [PO:0009005] tissue [CARO:0000043] water [CHEBI:15377] volume to the change in root tissue water potential [EnvThes:22311]. The ratio of the change in root tissue water volume to the change in root tissue water potential.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	kg{H20}/m3/MPa kilogram per cubic metre megapascal
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	700
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	capacitance
keyword	water turgor water stress trait turgor pressure water holding capacity
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Scholz 2011
date created	22/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021034

Leaf xylem pressure, 50% lost conductance (P50) (leaf hydraulic vulnerability)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021050
alternative label	leaf_water_potential_50percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in leaf [PO:0025034] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductance [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 50% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of leaf hydraulic vulnerability, which is the leaf xylem water pressure at which leaf hydraulic conductance has declined by 50% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductance.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-40
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf stem
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity leaf water potential water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	06/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	leaf_hydraulic_vulnerability
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021050

Stem xylem pressure, 12% lost conductivity (P12)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021051
alternative label	stem_water_potential_12percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in stem [PO:0009047] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 12% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of stem hydraulic vulnerability, which is the stem xylem water pressure value at which stem hydraulic conductivity has declined by 12% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P88) [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	water_potential_12percent_lost_conductivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021051

Stem xylem pressure, 50% lost conductivity (P50)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021052
alternative label	stem_water_potential_50percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in stem [PO:0009047] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 50% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of stem hydraulic vulnerability, which is the stem xylem water pressure value at which stem hydraulic conductivity has declined by 50% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match	Xylem pressure
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P88) [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	water_potential_50percent_lost_conductivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021052

Stem xylem pressure, 88% lost conductivity (P88)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021053
alternative label	stem_water_potential_88percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in stem [PO:0009047] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 88% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of stem hydraulic vulnerability, which is the stem xylem water pressure value at which stem hydraulic conductivity has declined by 88% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P88) [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note	water_potential_88percent_lost_conductivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021053

Hydraulic safety margin, 50%

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021054
alternative label	hydraulic_safety_margin_50
description	The difference between the shoot water potential [EnvThes:22311] (tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) in stem [PO:0009047] xylem vessels [PO:0025417]) at which the mean turgor pressure [TO:0000701] of cells [CL:0000000] drops to zero and the water potential at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 50% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. The difference between the stem water potential at turgor loss and the water potential at which 50% of conductivity is lost.
comments	Alternative definitions for this trait include 1) the difference between the minimum (most negative) observed stem water potential and the water potential at which 50% of conductivity is lost; and 2) the difference between the stem water potential at stomatal closure and the water potential at which 50% of conductivity is lost. If data mapped to this trait use one of these alternate definitions it should be clearly stated in the methods or added as a method context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-5
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Resistance to xylem cavitation [BROT:19] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021054

Hydraulic safety margin, 88%

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021055
alternative label	hydraulic_safety_margin_88
description	The difference between the shoot water potential [EnvThes:22311] (tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) in stem [PO:0009047] xylem vessels [PO:0025417]) at which the mean turgor pressure [TO:0000701] of cells [CL:0000000] drops to zero and the water potential at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 88% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. The difference between the stem water potential at turgor loss and the water potential at which 88% of conductivity is lost.
comments	Alternative definitions for this trait include 1) the difference between the minimum (most negative) observed stem water potential and the water potential at which 88% of conductivity is lost; and 2) the difference between the stem water potential at stomatal closure and the water potential at which 88% of conductivity is lost. If data mapped to this trait use one of these alternate definitions it should be clearly stated in the methods or added as a method context property.
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-5
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	stem
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Resistance to xylem cavitation [BROT:19] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021055

Leaf turgor loss point

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021056
alternative label	leaf_turgor_loss_point
description	A parameter [STATO:0000034] calculated from a pressure-volume curve [APD:glossary/40124], which is the leaf water potential [EnvThes:22311] at which the mean turgor pressure [TO:0000701] of cells [CL:0000000] in the leaf/terminal shoot drops to zero. This is the point at which the plant wilts. A parameter calculated from a pressure-volume curve which is the water potential at which the mean cell turgor pressure in the leaf/shoot declines to zero.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-5
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	tension force model parameter
keyword	water potential turgor pressure leaf water potential water stress trait pressure-volume curve drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match	osmotic adjustment break point wilting point
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf water & osmotic potential: leaf osmotic potential at turgor loss [TRY:189] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021056

Osmotic potential

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021057
alternative label	osmotic_potential
description	In a plant tissue [CARO:0000043], the potential energy [ENVO:2000016] of water [CHEBI:15377] molecules to flow [NCIT:C41141] across a semi-permeable [PATO:0000982] membrane [GO:0016020] due to the differences in solute [SIO:010418] concentration [PATO:0000033] across the membrane, such that the osmotic potential becomes more negative as the solute concentration increases or the cell water content decreases. Osmotic potential is equal to negative osmotic pressure [EnvThes:21558] and is also referred to as solute potential. The potential energy of water molecules to move across a semi-permeable membrane due to differences in solute concentration across the membrane; solute potential
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	pressure force
keyword	potential energy water solute osmotic pressure turgor pressure water stress trait leaf water potential
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf water & osmotic potential: leaf water potential [TRY:983] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021057

Osmotic potential at full tugor

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021058
alternative label	osmotic_potential_at_full_turgor
description	A parameter [STATO:0000034] calculated from a pressure-volume curve [APD:glossary/40124], which is, for a shoot or leaf [PO:0025034], the osmotic potential (solute potential) when they are fully hydrated (relative water content = 100%). Osmotic potential is always negative and is the potential energy [ENVO:2000016] of water [CHEBI:15377] molecules to flow [NCIT:C41141] across a semi-permeable [PATO:0000982] membrane [GO:0016020] due to the differences in solute [SIO:010418] concentration [PATO:0000033] across the membrane. A parameter calculated from a pressure-volume curve which is the osmotic potential (solute potential) in leaf cells at full turgor (when relative water content = 100%). Osmotic potential is the energy of water molecules to move across a semi-permeable membrane due to differences in solute concentration across a membrane and is least negative (largest) when plants are at full turgor.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-10
maxAllowedValue	-0.1
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	pressure force model parameter
keyword	potential energy water solute osmotic pressure turgor pressure water stress trait pressure-volume curve leaf water potential drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf water & osmotic potential: leaf osmotic potential at full turgor [TRY:188] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sack 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021058

Bulk modulus of elasticity (e)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021059
alternative label	bulk_modulus_of_elasticity
description	A parameter [STATO:0000034] calculated from a pressure-volume curve [APD:glossary/40124], which is, for a shoot or leaf [PO:0025034], the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the change in cell [CL:0000000] turgor potential (negative turgor pressure [TO:0000701]) over the relative change in cell volume (change in volume/initial volume). It is an estimation of cell wall [GO:0009505] rigidity. A parameter calculated from a pressure-volume curve which indicates the elasticity or rigidity of cells in leaves. It is the ratio of the change in cell turgor potential to the change in relative cell volume (change in volume/initial volume).
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	stem leaf
measured characteristic	pressure force volume ratio; proportion model parameter
keyword	cell turgor pressure plant-type cell wall water stress trait pressure-volume curve modulus of elasticity drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	osmotic adjustment capacity
examples	exact match: Leaf elastic modulus [TRY:190] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Sack 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021059

Leaf relative water content predawn

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021060
alternative label	leaf_relative_water_content_predawn
description	The ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a fresh [EnvThes:21976] leaf [PO:0025034] harvested pre-dawn [SWEET:reprTimeDay/Dawn] to the mass of water in a leaf at full hydration (saturated [NCIT:C61427]; relative water content = 100%). Ratio of the mass of water in a fresh leaf collected pre-dawn to the mass of water in a fully saturated leaf. A fully saturated leaf is one which has been rehydrated to hold the maximum amount of water and is considered to have a relative water content of 100%.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1.7
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	water dawn water stress trait water holding capacity leaf water content
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Leaf water content leaf relative water content
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf relative water content [TOP47] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	06/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021060

Leaf relative water content at turgor loss point

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021061
alternative label	leaf_relative_water_content_at_turgor_loss_point
description	A parameter [STATO:0000034] calculated from a pressure-volume curve [APD:glossary/40124], which is, for a leaf [PO:0025034], the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in the leaf at the turgor [PATO:0001620] loss point to the mass of water in the leaf at full hydration (saturated [NCIT:C61427]; relative water content = 100%). Ratio of the mass of water in leaf at the point the leaf cells lose turgor to the mass of water in a fully saturated leaf. A fully saturated leaf is one which has been rehydrated to hold the maximum amount of water and is considered to have a relative water content of 100%. The plant’s turgor loss point is calculated from a pressure-volume curve.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1.5
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio model parameter
keyword	water turgor water stress trait turgor pressure water holding capacity pressure-volume curve drought tolerance leaf water content
scope note
has exact match
has close match	Leaf water content leaf relative water content
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf relative water content [TOP47] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	Sack 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	06/06/2025
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021061

Root xylem pressure, 50% lost conductivity (P50)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021062
alternative label	root_water_potential_50percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in root [PO:0009005] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 50% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of root hydraulic vulnerability, which is the root xylem water pressure value at which root hydraulic conductivity has declined by 50% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/06/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021062

Root xylem pressure, 12% lost conductivity (P12)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021063
alternative label	root_water_potential_12percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in root [PO:0009005] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 12% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of root hydraulic vulnerability, which is the root xylem water pressure value at which root hydraulic conductivity has declined by 12% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/06/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021063

Root xylem pressure, 88% lost conductivity (P88)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021064
alternative label	root_water_potential_88percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in root [PO:0009005] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductivity [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 88% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of root hydraulic vulnerability, which is the root xylem water pressure value at which root hydraulic conductivity has declined by 88% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductivity.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-20
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure	root
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/06/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	14/06/2023
reviewed by	Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021064

Leaf xylem pressure, 12% lost conductance (P12)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021065
alternative label	leaf_water_potential_12percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in leaf [PO:0025034] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductance [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 12% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of leaf hydraulic vulnerability, which is the leaf xylem water pressure at which leaf hydraulic conductance has declined by 12% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductance.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-40
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf stem
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity leaf water potential water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf water potential
examples	exact match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021065

Leaf xylem pressure, 88% lost conductance (P88)

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0021066
alternative label	leaf_water_potential_88percent_lost_conductivity
description	The tension [PATO:0002284] (water pressure) (water potential [EnvThes:22311]) in leaf [PO:0025034] xylem vessels [PO:0025417] at which the hydraulic conductance [EnvThes:22133] has declined by 88% from the mean maximum [NCIT:C25564] rate [PATO:0000161]. A measure of leaf hydraulic vulnerability, which is the leaf xylem water pressure at which leaf hydraulic conductance has declined by 88% from the mean maximum rate of hydraulic conductance.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	MPa megapascal
minAllowedValue	-40
maxAllowedValue	0
has broader	water transport trait, hydraulic trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf stem
measured characteristic	tension force
keyword	water potential xylem hydraulic conductivity leaf water potential water stress trait drought tolerance
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	leaf water potential
examples	exact match: Xylem hydraulic vulnerability, xylem cavitation vulnerability, embolism vulnerability, (P20, P50, P8 [TRY:719] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cochard 2010 Venturas 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Timothy Brodribb Brendan Choat
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0021066

Plant growth form

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030010
alternative label	plant_growth_form
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait that summarises different components of a whole plant’s shape [PATO:0000052] and structure [PATO:0000141] into general groups [NCIT:C43359]. Characters that contribute to the plant form categories include the height [PATO:0000119] of the vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607], the distribution of leaves [PO:0025034] along the plant stem [PO:0009047], and the position [PATO:0000140] and count [NCIT:C25463] of stems and/or leaves relative to the ground surface. The form of a plant, capturing a general sense of plant height and shape, which parts of a plant are woody versus herbaceous, the number of stems arising at ground level, and the distribution of leaves relative to the main stem.
comments	This definition of plant growth form is narrower than what is used by many other references. Here, information pertaining to where a plant grows is captured by plant_growth_substrate. Terminology about the shape and length of stems and distribution of leaves is included in stem_growth_habit. An indication of whether a plant is parasitic is presented in parasitic. Included in the list of plant growth forms are two terms that are exclusively used to describe Australian plants, mallee and hummock, and one, tussock, that is an important growth form of Australian grasses, but globally used less frequently.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_growth_form_herb A seed-bearing plant which does not have a woody above-ground stem; when available this term has been divided into more detailed terms. (Synonyms, forb) plant_growth_form_subshrub A plant that is only woody at the base, with the remainder of the stems regenerating yearly. This term is not meant to encompass short-lived plants that are only borderline woody. (Synonyms, suffrutescent) plant_growth_form_shrub A woody plant that is distinguished by NOT being a tree, due to one of more of the following characteristics, 1) they are less than 8 metres in height; 2) if a plant community includes trees, the shrubs are shorter than the surrounding trees and not part of the canopy; 3) in comparison to trees, the leaves are more distributed along the entire trunk; 4) the plant has multiple relatively narrow stems arising at or near ground level. The definition of shrub is complex, as there are many single-stemmed shrubs within Australia and many taxa that are described in the taxonomic literature as a shrub or small tree. plant_growth_form_mallee Refers to Eucalyptus species which are small trees that form a large lignotuber. They have multiple stems arising at or near ground level and regenerate from the lignotuber following fire. plant_growth_form_tree A tall, woody, perennial plant, usually with a single main trunk, and its leaves predominantly elevated above the ground surface. plant_growth_form_graminoid Herbaceous plant with a grass-like morphology that is within the order Poales. Taxa both with and without a tussock form are mapped to this term. This term is most frequently applied to three large monocot families, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae, but the term could apply to other taxa within Poales with a grass-like morphology, including narrow, linear leaves and non-showy flowers, including Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Anarthriaceae, and Ecdeiocoleaceae. Taxa outside Poales with a grass-like morphology should be designated as herbs and also have the term tufted mapped to the trait stem_growth_habit. plant_growth_form_tussock A subcategory of graminoid, which is a plant where many shoots from the basal meristem form prominent tufts. plant_growth_form_graminoid_not_tussock A subcategory of graminoid, indicating a plant which explicitly lacks a tussock morphology, with the leaves not growing in tufts. plant_growth_form_hummock Plant that grows as a dense mound up to 1 metre in height. The term generally applies only to species within the genera Triodia that form such mounds and these are considered a distinctive and uniquely Australian growth form. plant_growth_form_basal_large A plant whose leaves form a distinctly large basal tuft or rosette, including large acaulescent monocots and cycads. plant_growth_form_geophyte Subcategory of herb, specifically referring to plants that survive the winter/dry season as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in dry soil, with all leaves dying back each year. plant_growth_form_palmoid Plant that bears a rosette-like canopy of typically large, often compound leaves atop a usually thick (pachycaulous), columnar, unbranched or little-branched stem. Palms, tree ferns, trunked cycads, trunked grass-trees, and Pandanus are mapped to this term. (Synonyms, rosette-tree, palm, grass-tree) plant_growth_form_climber Plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. Term used only if datasets do not specify if a climbing plant is herbaceous (a vine) or woody (a liana). plant_growth_form_climber_herbaceous Herbaceous plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. This is usually synonymous with vine. Types of climbers (scrambling, twining) are captured under the trait plant_climbing_mechanism. (Synonyms, vine) plant_growth_form_climber_woody Woody or thick-stemmed (>2 cm) plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. This is usually synonymous with liana. Woody climbers generally use hooks, tendrils, and/or adventitious roots to climb; the climbing mechanisms used by a taxon are captured under the trait plant_climbing_mechanism. (Synonyms, liana) plant_growth_form_fern A taxonomic grouping that includes acaulescent ferns; ferns are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. plant_growth_form_lycophyte A taxonomic grouping that includes quillworts, clubmosses, and spike mosses.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait whole plant morphology trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality spatial pattern, distribution shape structure height
keyword	vegetative shoot system wood, secondary xylem growth canopy
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match	whole plant growth form
has related match
examples	close match: Plant growth form [TOP136] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Plant growth form [TRY:42] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Growth_form_2 [GIFT:1.2.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: whole plant growth form [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: whole plant growth form diversity [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Growth form [BROT:1] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) exact match: Growth form and habit [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019 Cornellison 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030010

Life form

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030011
alternative label	life_form
description	Raunkiaer classification of life form, which is a feature of the whole plant [PO:0000003] defining the position [PATO:0000140] of the perennating meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055] or shoot apices [PO:0000037]) on the shoot system [PO:0009006], their distance [PATO:0000040] to the ground surface [sweetontology.net/realmSoil/Ground] and the protection afforded to survive the unfavourable season, or the production of seeds [PO:0009010] to avoid the unfavourable season. Raunkiaer classification of life form, indicating the location of and protection provided to surviving meristematic tissue (buds) during the unfavourable (cold or dry) season.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	life_form_phanerophyte Plant whose perennating buds are on persistent shoots which rise at least 50 cm above the soil surface. These are normally woody perennials. life_form_chamaephyte Plant whose perennating buds are on persistent shoots that do not extend more than 50 cm above the soil surface. These are normally woody perennials. life_form_hemicryptophyte Plant whose perennating buds are at or near the soil surface. life_form_cryptophyte Plant whose perennating buds are subterranean or under water. This grouping can be further divided into geophyte, helophyte, and hydrophyte. life_form_geophyte Plant that perennates as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in dry soil, with all leaves dying back each year; a subcategory of cryptophyte. life_form_helophyte Plant that perennates as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in marshy or wet soil or lying under water, with buds emerging during the growing season and shoots and leaves rising about the water surface; a subcategory of cryptophyte. (Synonyms, emergent_hydrophyte) life_form_hydrophyte Plant that perennates as buds or as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in marshy or wet soil or lying under water, with shoots emerging during the growing season that remain below or at the water surface; a subcategory of cryptophyte. life_form_therophyte Annual plants whose shoot and root systems die completely at the end of flowering and seed production, such that they survive the unfavourable cold or dry season in the form of seeds. life_form_epiphyte Plant that grows on the surface of another plant. life_form_aerophyte Plant that obtains moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, resting on other plants or the ground surface.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait whole plant morphology trait reproductive shoot system morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant seed bud
measured characteristic	organismal quality spatial pattern, distribution position
keyword	whole plant lifeform shoot system meristem life form
scope note	none
has exact match	whole plant lifeform
has close match
has related match	life form
examples	exact match: Plant life form [TOP210] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Plant life form (Raunkiaer life form) [TRY:343] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: plant growth form [LEDA:1.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Life form [GIFT:2.3] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Raunkiaer 1934 LEDA Data Standards 2005 Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030011

Life history

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030012
alternative label	life_history
description	Categorical description of the duration [PATO:0001309] of a plant’s lifespan (longevity [NCIT:C153298]), from seed germination [GO:0009845] to death [GO:0016265]. Categorical description of the duration of a plant’s lifespan, from germination to death.
comments	Studies will differ in the subset of terms they use to describe a plant’s life history, such that some researchers will distinguish between ephemeral and annual species, and other researchers will group these life history categories together under annual. In addition, only a subset of studies will use the term short-lived perennial; the majority will score all perennial plants as perennial. Rangeland studies and post-fire studies are those most likely to score species as ephemeral or short-lived perennial, as these are environments where perennial species’ lifespans are often divided into those that are short-lived due to environmental conditions and those that are able to persist through the environmentally unfavourable period.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	life_history_ephemeral A very short-lived plant, generally with a lifespan of only a few months and the exact length of lifespan quite variable and determined by environmental conditions. life_history_annual A plant that lives for up to one year after germinating, completing its life cycle in a single growing season. life_history_biennial A plant that lives for up to two years after germinating, requiring two growing seasons to complete its life cycle and dying following the second growing season. life_history_perennial A plant that lives for three or more growing seasons, with an exact lifespan that is indeterminate. life_history_short_lived_perennial A perennial whose lifespan is less than approximately five years, with the exact lifespan generally dependent on environmental conditions.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality duration time
keyword	death longevity
scope note	none
has exact match	life cycle habit
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant lifespan (longevity) [TRY:59] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: plant lifespan and age of first flowering [LEDA:1.3] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Lifecycle [GIFT:2.1.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) related match: Growth form [BROT:1] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 LEDA Data Standards 2005
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030012

Ephemeral life history class

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030013
alternative label	life_history_ephemeral_class
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] which is, for taxa [NCIT_C40098] that display an ephemeral life history, the environmental conditions [ENVO_01000203] associated with seed germination [GO:0009845] and seedling establishment [EnvThes:20410]. For taxa that display an ephemeral life history, the environmental conditions associated with seed germination and seedling establishment.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	life_history_ephemeral_class_disturbance_ephemeral Ephemeral plant the germinates and establishes following disturbance, but the type of disturbance is not specified. life_history_ephemeral_class_rain_ephemeral Ephemeral plant that germinates and establishes following rain or flood events. life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral Ephemeral plant that germinates and establishes following fire, where it is unknown if the plant is an obligate or facultative fire ephemeral. life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_facultative Ephemeral plant that increases its germination and establishment following fire, but can also germinate and establish without fire. life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_obligate Ephemeral plant that only germinates and establishes following fire.
has broader	fire response trait life history trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality requirement response to
keyword	fire environmental condition seed germination seedling establishment
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	23/02/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030013

Lifespan

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030014
alternative label	lifespan
description	The duration [PATO:0001309] of a plant’s lifespan (longevity [NCIT:C153298]), from seed germination [GO:0009845] to death [GO:0016265]. Plant lifespan, the duration from germination to death. Lifespan refers to the death of both aboveground and belowground biomass, indicating the death of the genetic individual.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	a year
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	10000
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality duration time
keyword	death longevity
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	life cycle habit
examples	exact match: Plant life span [TOP255] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Plant lifespan (longevity) [TRY:59] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Lifespan_1 [GIFT:2.2.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: longest whole plant longevity, maximum whole plant longevity [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: Lifespan [BROT:17] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030014

Plant growth substrate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030015
alternative label	plant_growth_substrate
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which indicates either the substrate [EFO:0005061] on which a plant grows [GO:0040007] or, broadly, whether the plant grows in an aquatic [EnvThes:21785] or terrestrial [EnvThes:21880] habitat [ENVO:01000739]. Substrate is defined as the surface to which an organism is attached. Trait broadly indicating where a plant is usually found, referencing the habitat in which a plant grows, the substrate to which a plant is attached, or a plant’s growth medium.
comments	Although the majority of vascular plants are terrestrial, for most taxonomic groups plant growth substrate is only recorded if a plant is not terrestrial. The exceptions are ferns and orchids, where both floras and individual researchers tend to specifically indicate which taxa are terrestrial. The values under this trait are recorded as part of plant growth form by many researchers, trait handbooks, and databases; they have been split out here, as the terms capturing what a plant is attached to do not generally describe the form of a plant.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_growth_substrate_epiphyte A plant that grows upon another plant. plant_growth_substrate_lithophyte A plant that grows upon a rock. plant_growth_substrate_terrestrial A plant that grows on land, and generally referencing a plant that grows in soil. plant_growth_substrate_semiaquatic A plant that grows partially submerged in water or spends part of its life growing in water. plant_growth_substrate_aquatic A plant that grows in water. plant_growth_substrate_marine A plant that grows in the sea. plant_growth_substrate_hemiepiphyte A plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte, growing upon another plant.
has broader	life history trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality
keyword	substrate growth aquatic terrestrial habitat epiphyte growth
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match	substrate
examples	related match: Plant growth form [TRY:42] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Epiphyte_2 [GIFT:1.3.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Aquatic_1 [GIFT:1.7.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030015

Plant photosynthetic organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030016
alternative label	plant_photosynthetic_organ
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the primary [NCIT:C25251] organ [PO:0009008] or tissue [CARO:0000043] a plant [PO:0000003] uses for photosynthesis [GO:0015979], most commonly a leaf [PO:0025034], cladode [PO:0025354], or phyllode [PO:0025335]. Trait indicating a plant’s primary photosynthetic organ or tissue.
comments	This trait is not intended to record the presence of primary versus secondary photosynthetic organs; only the primary photosynthetic organ should be keyed in. Many of the allowable values for this trait are frequently included under leaf type or leaf form. Here, we separate terms pertaining to the general form of the leaf (in the trait leaf_type) from those identifying the plant organ responsible for photosynthesis.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_photosynthetic_organ_leaf A true leaf, including both laminar and needle-shaped leaves. plant_photosynthetic_organ_cladode A photosynthetic shoot, regardless of form, that functions as a leaf. For example, cacti pads and Casuarina articles. (Synonyms, article, phylloclade, cladophyll) plant_photosynthetic_organ_phyllode A flattened bladelike petiole. (Synonyms, switch plant) plant_photosynthetic_organ_non-photosynthetic_plant A plant that lacks any photosynthetic organs.
has broader	photosynthetic trait leaf morphology trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	leaf whole plant stem
measured characteristic	structure organismal quality
keyword	plant organ photosynthesis cladode phyllode growth
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Leaf type [TRY:43] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Burrows 2001
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	leaf_type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030016

Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030017
alternative label	plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which are alternative mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] plants use to obtain [NCIT:C52349] or produce [SIO:001106] energy [PATO:0001021] (carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646]) or nutrients [CHEBI:33284]. Trait indicating the strategies used by a plant to obtain or produce energy (carbohydrates) or nutrients, including photosynthesis and various saprophytic and carnivorous energy and nutrient acquisition mechanisms.
comments	Although the majority of vascular plants use photosynthesis to produce their own carbohydrates, this trait mostly includes data for the few taxa that are not photosynthetic. Likewise, it captures alternative nutrient acquisition strategies. See also the trait parasitic which captures data on whether plants are parasitic (or partially parasitic), forming haustoria to penetrate their host plant. The trait root_structures includes specialised root structures
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_saprophyte Plant that acquires nutrients from decaying biomass. plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_carnivorous Plant that acquires some or most of its nutrients from animals or protozoa. plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_nutrient_mining Plant that uses a specialised root structure, such as cluster roots, to mine nutrients inaccessible to other plant taxa.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism
keyword	energy carbohydrate nutrient growth
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Nutritional relationships [BROT:18] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030017

Woodiness

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030018
alternative label	woodiness
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait which indicates whether the plant stem [PO:0009047] (the vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607]) is woody, with <U+00E2><U+20AC><U+0153>woody<U+00E2><U+20AC><U+009D> defined to include both plant stems with secondary xylem (true wood) [PO:0005848] and those with wood-like lignification [CHEBI:6457] (woodiness in monocots and ferns). A binary trait, indicating whether a plant’s stems are woody, with woody broadly defined to include both true wood (secondary xylem) and taxa that do not produce secondary xylem (i.e. monocots and ferns) but have thick, stiff, robust lignified stems.
comments	This trait considers all species that have stiff lignified stems as woody and those that lack such stems as herbaceous. See the trait plant woodiness detailed for sub-categories of woody that indicate the extent and type of woodiness present in a plant stem.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	woodiness_herbaceous Plant with non-lignified stems. woodiness_woody Plant whose stems are stiff and lignified, including both stems that produce secondary xylem and those that produce only lignified primary tissues but are notably stiff and robust.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem
measured characteristic	composition structure
keyword	wood, secondary xylem lignin shoot axis woodiness wood herbaceous
scope note	Vascular plants
has exact match
has close match	shoot axis woodiness woody plants
has related match
examples	close match: Woodiness [TOP706] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Plant woodiness [TRY:38] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: woodiness and stem specific density [LEDA:3.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: whole plant woodiness [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Simpson 2019 LEDA Data Standards 2005
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030018

Detailed woodiness categories

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030019
alternative label	woodiness_detailed
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait which indicates the vertical [PATO:0001854] extent, distribution [PATO:0000060], and type [NCIT:C25284] of wood present in stems [PO:0009047], roots [PO:0009005], and reproductive shoot systems [PO:0025082], distinguishing between plants with secondary xylem (true wood) [PO:0005848] versus wood-like lignification [CHEBI:6457] (woodiness in monocots and ferns). Trait indicating the extent, distribution, and type of secondary xylem (true wood) and wood-like lignification (woodiness in monocots and ferns) in stems, roots, and reproductive shoots.
comments	This trait documents in detail the degree and type of lignification in a plant’s stems and roots (woodiness), while plant woodiness is a binary trait collapsing woodiness into a pair of values, woody versus herbaceous. Datasets that only use the terms woody versus herbaceous are only mapped to the binary trait; only datasets that explicitly indicate different levels of woodiness are mapped to plant woodiness detailed.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	woodiness_detailed_herbaceous Plant with non-lignified stems. woodiness_detailed_woody Plant whose stems produce secondary xylem (true wood). woodiness_detailed_woody_base Plant where secondary xylem (true wood) is present only at the base of stems. (Synonyms, suffrutescent) woodiness_detailed_woody_root Plant that has a woody rootstock but non-woody above-ground stems. woodiness_detailed_semi_woody Plant that forms stems considered only ‘partially woody’, generally having lower lignin and cellulose contents and possibly not forming secondary xylem. These are generally short-lived, fast-growing stems. (Synonyms, green-stem shrub, soft shrub, soft wood) woodiness_detailed_woody_like_stem Taxa, including monocots and ferns, that produce thick, stiff, robust lignified stems but do not produce secondary xylem. woodiness_detailed_woody_like_inflorescence Taxa, including monocots, that produce thick, stiff, robust lignified inflorescence shoots but are otherwise non-woody.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem root reproductive shoot system
measured characteristic	composition structure spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	wood, secondary xylem lignin shoot axis woodiness wood herbaceous
scope note	Vascular plants
has exact match
has close match	shoot axis woodiness woody plants
has related match
examples	close match: Woodiness [TOP706] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Plant woodiness [TRY:38] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: woodiness and stem specific density [LEDA:3.1] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) close match: whole plant woodiness [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Simpson 2019 LEDA Data Standards 2005 Carlquist 2013
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030019

Physical defence structures

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030020
alternative label	plant_physical_defence_structures
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which indicates the plant structures [PO:0009011] used for defence [NCIT:C61556], including spine leaves [PO:0025173], spine stipules [PO:0025174], spine petiole [PO:0025613], thorns [PO:0025172], and prickles [PO:0025169]. The presence (or explicit absence) of specific physical defence structures on a plant, including spines, thorns, prickles, and sharp-tipped leaves.
comments	This trait identifies explicit physical defence structures on a plant. The trait plant_spinescence indicates the degree of defence afforded to plants, with values defined by P<U+00C3><U+00A9>rez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013 (doi:10.1071/BT12225).
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_physical_defence_structures_absent Plant that lacks a physical defence structure. plant_physical_defence_structures_sharp_pointed_defence Plant that has either spines, thorns, or prickles but the type of physical defence structure is not specified. plant_physical_defence_structures_prickle A sharp-tipped outgrowth from the epidermis, bark or other plant organ that is explicitly not a spine (modified leaf) or thorn (modified stem). plant_physical_defence_structures_pungent_leaf_apex A sharp-tipped leaf. plant_physical_defence_structures_spine A sharp-pointed structure, which is a modified leaf or leaf part, including petioles, midribs, secondary veins, leaflets, or stipules. plant_physical_defence_structures_stinging_or_irritant_hairs Trichomes that sting or irritate, by injecting a toxin. plant_physical_defence_structures_thorn A sharp-pointed, stiff, woody modified stem.
has broader	plant structure morphology trait leaf morphology trait stem morphology trait bark morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure plant structure	leaf stem bark whole plant
measured characteristic	structure surface feature shape shape
keyword	spine leaf spine stipule thorn prickle defense spine petiole
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match	plant defense
has related match
examples	close match: Leaf emergences (pubescence, pruinescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:677] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Shoot emergences (pubescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:1255] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Stem emergences (pubescence, hairs, spines, thorns) [TRY:1256] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Leaf_spines_1 [GIFT:4.13.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Leaf_thorns_1 [GIFT:4.14.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Defence [GIFT:6.5] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) related match: Basic leaf shape [BROT:5] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Armature [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Simpson 2019 Hanley 2007
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	physical_defence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030020

Plant climbing mechanisms

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030021
alternative label	plant_climbing_mechanism
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait that indicates stem [PO:0009047] and leaf [PO:0025034] structures [PATO:0000141] and physical mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] a plant uses to climb [NCIT:C81002] up other plants or substrates. Mechanisms plants use to climb, including both specialised leaf and stem adaptations and stem growth habits.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_climbing_mechanism_adventitious_roots Roots arising from stem nodes which cling to a host plant. plant_climbing_mechanism_hooks Curved stem outgrowths which allow climbers to cling to a host plant. plant_climbing_mechanism_spines Straight stem outgrowths (including true spines as well as thorns and prickles) which allow climbers to cling to a host plant. plant_climbing_mechanism_tendrils Modified leaves, petioles, or specialised axillary shoots that coil tightly, forming a specialised structure for climbing. plant_climbing_mechanism_scrambling Stem growth habit, where the plant stems are too weak to support themselves, and instead lean on and are supported by host vegetation. There are no specialised structures employed. plant_climbing_mechanism_twining Stem growth habit, where the plant stems twist or coil around a host plant to provide support.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait leaf morphology trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem leaf
measured characteristic	structure mechanism
keyword	climbing appendage
scope note	climbing and scrambling plants
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Plant growth form [TRY:42] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Simpson 2019 Gallagher 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	vine_climbing_mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030021

Plant succulence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030022
alternative label	plant_succulence
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait that indicates whether any plant tissues [CARO:0000043] are succulent [FLOPO:0900041], indicating they are thick [PATO:0000591] and fleshy [PATO:0002351], generally storing water [CHEBI:15377] as a drought tolerance [TO:0000276] adaptation or filling with water as a salt tolerance [TO:0006001] adaptation. Trait indicating whether the leaves or stems of a plant are thick and fleshy because they store water, generally an adaptation to arid or salty environments.
comments	Succulence generally has either a water storage function or is a mechanism to cope with (or thrive in) saline conditions. See the categorical trait plant_tolerance_salt for plant salt tolerance and salt avoidance strategies and the numeric trait plant_tolerance_soil_salinity for the soil salinity a plant can tolerate.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_succulence_succulent_stems Stems are thick and fleshy. plant_succulence_succulent_leaves Leaves are thick and fleshy. plant_succulence_succulent A plant is designated as succulent but it is not specified which tissues are thick and fleshy. plant_succulence_semi-succulent A plant has tissues that are somewhat thick and fleshy, including many chenopods. plant_succulence_not_succulent Neither stems nor leaves are thick and fleshy.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait environmental tolerance trait stem morphology trait leaf morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem leaf
measured characteristic	structure organismal quality
keyword	tissue succulence water drought tolerance salt tolerance salinity fleshy
scope note	none
has exact match	tissue succulence
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Plant growth form [TRY:42] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Succulence [GIFT:4.16.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) related match: Basic leaf shape [BROT:5] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Simpson 2019 Ogburn & Edwards 2010
date created	31/10/2022
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030022

Stem growth habit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030023
alternative label	stem_growth_habit
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait that indicates the structure [PATO:0000141] and 3-dimensional extent [PATO:0001710] of a plant’s vegetative shoot system [PO:0025607], including the position [PATO:0000140] of stems [PO:0009047], degree of branchiness [PATO:0002009], density [PATO:0001019] of branches [PO:0025073], and branch angles [PATO:0002326] relative to each other and the ground surface [sweetontology.net/realmSoil/Ground]. Trait characterising a stem’s structure and 3-dimensional extent, including the position of stems, degree of branchiness, density of branches, and branch angles relative to other branches and the ground surface.
comments	This trait captures how a plant explores 3-dimensional space, with trait values predominantly adjectives that modify the core plant growth forms.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	stem_growth_habit_arborescent Tree-like growth habit. stem_growth_habit_erect Stems that grow upright. stem_growth_habit_caespitose Multiple short-shoots arise from the base of the plant forming a dense tuft, as in a bunch-grass. (Synonyms, cespitose, bunch-grass, tussock) stem_growth_habit_cushion-forming Multiple erect, short stems arise from the soil and are so tightly packed that they form dense, even, rounded canopy with no gaps. (Synonyms, cushion) stem_growth_habit_mat-forming Multiple stems that are mostly horizontal and are densely packed but open enough that there are still a few gaps between them. stem_growth_habit_tufted Plant has a dense clump of leaves, either at the base of the plant or clusters of leaves growing close together higher on the plant. This term can refer to grasses, shrubs, or trees. stem_growth_habit_creeping Stem that creeps along the ground, rooting at nodes. (Synonyms, repent) stem_growth_habit_decumbent Stems whose bases lie flat on the ground but whose tips grow upward. (Synonyms, ascending) stem_growth_habit_prostrate Stems lie flat on the ground but do not root at nodes. (Synonyms, procumbent, reclining, trailing) stem_growth_habit_rosette Plants whose leaves radiate from a central point at or near ground level. (Synonyms, acaulescent, rosulate) stem_growth_habit_climbing Stem that does not have a self-supporting structure and ascends by leaning on or attaching itself to surrounding vegetation or another substrate. Climbing mechanisms include tendrils, petioles, adventitious roots, scrambling, and twining and are distinguished between in the trait plant_climbing_mechanism. stem_growth_habit_sprawling Stem that sprawls across other plants or objects but lacks specialised climbing structures or mechanisms. (Synonyms, clambering, scandent) stem_growth_habit_rhizomatous Plants with short horizontal underground stems from which shoots emerge. stem_growth_habit_stoloniferous Plants with long horizontal branches either slightly belowground or aboveground, that root at their nodes or tips, producing new plants. (Synonyms, sarmentose) stem_growth_habit_spreading Plants with a notable horizontal extent, referring either to a broad tree canopy or a shrub or herb that spreads across the ground. stem_growth_habit_floating Plant where most of the leaves are floating on water. stem_growth_habit_submerged Plant where most of the leaves are submerged beneath the surface of a waterbody. stem_growth_habit_dense Plant with a high density of branches. stem_growth_habit_compact Plant with closely packed branches. stem_growth_habit_bushy Plant with much-branched branches. (Synonyms, shrubby) stem_growth_habit_open Plant with an open architecture of branches. stem_growth_habit_spindly Plants with weak, skinny branches.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait stem morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem leaf
measured characteristic	shape 3-D extent position angle structure spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	vegetative shoot system branchiness growth
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Shoot growth form [LEDA:3.2] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) related match: Leaf distribution along the stem [LEDA:3.3] (https://uol.de/en/landeco/research/leda/standards) exact match: Shoot_orientation [GIFT:1.9.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) related match: Climber_2 [GIFT:1.4.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Simpson 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note	growth_habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030023

Leaf phenology

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030024
alternative label	leaf_phenology
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait characterising whether there is a part of the year when a plant sheds all leaves [PO:0025034] (shedability [PATO:0001729]) and the environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] that cause a plant to shed its leaves. Trait indicating whether a plant retains a leaf canopy throughout the year and what environmental cues are associated with canopy shedding.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	leaf_phenology_deciduous Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to either drought or cold. leaf_phenology_evergreen Plant retains a leaf canopy throughout the year. leaf_phenology_cold_deciduous Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to cold. leaf_phenology_drought_deciduous Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to drought. leaf_phenology_facultative_drought_deciduous Plant sometimes loses its leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to drought. leaf_phenology_semi_deciduous Plant thins, but does not entirely lose, its leaf canopy in response to an environmental cue, usually drought. leaf_phenology_brevi_deciduous Plant briefly loses its entire leaf canopy but flushes a new leaf canopy almost simultaneously to leaf loss.
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure plant structure	leaf whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality temporal pattern response to sensitivity
keyword	shedability environmental condition evergreen deciduous
scope note	Plants with leaves.
has exact match
has close match
has related match	shedability
examples	exact match: Phenology [TOP700] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf phenology type [TRY:37] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Deciduousnes_1 [GIFT:2.4.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: whole plant vegetative phenology [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Leaf phenology [BROT:4] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Williams 1997
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030024

Leaf lifespan

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030025
alternative label	leaf_lifespan
description	The duration [PATO:0001309] that an individual leaf [PO:0025034] is attached to the stem [PO:0009047] and is physiologically functional [PATO:0001510]. Duration of time that an individual leaf is attached to the stem and physiologically functional; leaf longevity.
comments	Leaf lifespan is the inverse of the rate of leaf turnover. For some species, leaflets or other portions of a leaf may be censused rather than the entire leaf lamina. Leaf lifespan can be censused as either the rate of shedding leaves (leaf death) or the rate of formation of new leaves (leaf birth).
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	time duration
keyword	shedability longevity
scope note	applicable to plants with leaves
has exact match	leaf longevity time
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Leaf life span [TOP254] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Leaf lifespan (longevity) [TRY:12] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: leaf life span [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Average leaf lifespan [BROT:3] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Wright & Cannon 2001
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030025

Competitive stratum

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030026
alternative label	competitive_stratum
description	A classification [NCIT:C25161] that indicates the vegetation layer [ENVO:01000355] a taxon [NCIT:C40098] reaches within its community [ECSO:00000310], used to assess competition [EnvThes:21097] within the community. Categorical descriptions of a taxon’s relative stature in its community, used to assess competitive heirarchies within a community.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	competitive_stratum_ground Graminoids, herbs and ferns reaching maximum heights of c. 0.2-1 m. competitive_stratum_mid Shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 1-2 m. competitive_stratum_upper Tall shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 3-5 m. competitive_stratum_post_fire_ephemeral Taxa that avoid competition with other strata by rapidly completing their life cycle after fire; a sub-category of ‘ground’.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality height
keyword	vegetation layer community competition vegetation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: UnderstoreyCanopy [PalmTraits] (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0189-0)
references	Keith 2007 Gosper 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030026

Plant nitrogen fixation capacity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030027
alternative label	nitrogen_fixing
description	A trait which indicates whether a plant has the capacity to engage in symbioses [GO:0044403] with microorganisms [NCIT:C14329] (bacteria [NCIT:C14187], cyanobacteria [NCBITaxon:1117], and fungi [NCBITaxon:4751]) capable of nitrogen fixation [GO:0009399] and usually identified by nodulation [GO:0009877] on the plant roots [PO:0009005]. Binary variable describing whether a plant has the capacity for nitrogen fixatation, indicating it engages in symbioses with microorganisms (most commonly bacteria or cyanobacteria) that are capable of nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation capacity is usually identified by nodules on the plant roots.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	nitrogen_fixing_non_nitrogen_fixer Plant does not host nitrogen-fixing microbes. nitrogen_fixing_nitrogen_fixer Plant hosts nitrogen-fixing microbes in root nodules.
has broader	interspecific interactions trait root morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant root
measured characteristic	organismal quality
keyword	biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis nitrogen fixation nodulation microorganism mutualism symbiosis
scope note
has exact match	nitrogen symbiotic fixation
has close match
has related match	root nodule number
examples	exact match: Plant nitrogen(N) fixation capacity [TRY:8] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Nitrogen_fix_1 [GIFT:4.5.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Nutritional relationships [BROT:18] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030027

Plant root structures

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030028
alternative label	root_structure
description	A trait which indicates types [NCIT:C25284] of root [PO:0009005] structures [PATO:0000141], including structures associated with mutualisms [GO:0085030] with mycorrhizae [EnvThes:20656]. Specific specialized types of root structures and root symbioses, especially symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	root_structure_arbuscular_mycorrhizal Symbiosis in which the mycorrhizal fungi does penetrate the cortex cells of the plant roots and its hyphae form arbuscules and vesicles inside the plant root; endomycorrhizal, AM, VAM. root_structure_carnivorous Plant has non-mycorrhizal carnivorous root. root_structure_cluster_roots Non-proteoid taxa with cluster roots. root_structure_coiling_vam Associations that spread predominantly by intracellular hyphal coils within roots. root_structure_dauciform_root A type of cluster root found in the family Cyperaceae. root_structure_ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis in which the mycorrhizal fungi does not penetrate the cortex cells of the plant roots. root_structure_ericoid_mycorrhizal A form of arbuscular mycorrhizal relationship only found on plants in the order Ericales. The fungi’s hyphae penetrate the plant root but do not form arbuscules. root_structure_fine_roots Particularly fine roots for nutrient uptake. root_structure_haustorium A highly modified stem or root of a parasitic plant, such as mistletoe , or a specialized branch or tube originating from a hairlike filament (hypha) of a fungus. The haustorium penetrates the tissues of a host and absorbs nutrients and water. root_structure_hemiparasitic_root Plant with a partially parasitic root. root_structure_long_root_hairs Plant with specialised long root hairs. root_structure_mycorrhizal Plant mycorrhizal but type not specified. root_structure_non_mycorrhizal Plants lacking a mycorrhizal symbiont. root_structure_orchid_mycorrhizal A mycorrhizal relationship specific to orchid taxa, and for most orchids, essential for seedlings to establish. root_structure_parasitic_root Plant with a parasitic root. root_structure_proteoid_root Also known as cluster roots, are plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets and aid in nutrient upake in nutrient-poor soils; common in members of the family Proteaceae but present in other families as well. root_structure_root_hairs Plant with specialised root hairs. root_structure_sand-binding Persistent sheaths of sand that form around the roots of taxa in the families Restionaceae, Cyperaceae, Haemodoraceae, and Lomandraceae in western Australia. Assumed to function in nutrient uptake. root_structure_saprophyte Plant that acquires nutrients from decaying biomass. root_structure_subepidermal_mycorrhizal Mycorrhizae where hyphae grow in a cavity under epidermal cells. Only in the genus Thysanotus (family Laxmaniaceae). root_structure_unknown Root structures unknown.
has broader	interspecific interactions trait root morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant root
measured characteristic	organismal quality structure
keyword	mutualism mycorrhizae arbuscular mycorrhizal association biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis haustorium microorganism symbiosis
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Mycorrhiza type [TRY:7] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Mycorrhiza_1 [GIFT:6.4.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Nutritional relationships [BROT:18] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Brundrett 2008
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030028

Plant parasitism status

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030029
alternative label	parasitic
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] phenotype [NCIT:C16977] trait that indicates if a plant is involved in a parasitic [ECOCORE:00000146] symbiosis [ECOCORE:00000022] where it forms haustorium [GO:0085035] on a host [GO:0018995] plant and the host plant provides all or some of its high energy [PATO:0001021] carbon [CHEBI:27594] compounds [NCIT:C43366], mineral nutrition (nutrients [CHEBI:33284]) and/or water [CHEBI:15377]. Trait indicating whether a plant forms haustoria and obtains part or all of its energy-rich carbon compounds (photosynthetic sugars), mineral nutrition and/or water directly from another plant (its host) in an interaction that does not benefit the host plant.
comments	Plants described as parasitic in the context of this trait always have haustoria, specialised organs that penetrate the host plants’s vascular bundles. The trait root_structures documents symbiotic relationships with fungi. The trait plant_energy_acquisition_strategy documents specialised strategies or specialised organs or tissues plants use to obtain carbon or mineral nutrition.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	parasitic_hemiparasitic Plant that is photosynthetic but augments its energy, mineral nutrition, and /or water supply through parasitism. This trait value does not distinguish between obligate hemiparasites, plants which require a host for at least part of their life cycle, and facultative hemiparasites, plants which can grow and reproduce without a host. parasitic_hemiparasitic_obligate Plant that is photosynthetic but requires a host for at least part of its life cycle. parasitic_hemiparasitic_facultative Plant that is photosynthetic and can grow and reproduce without a host but augments its energy, mineral nutrition, and /or water supply through parasitism. parasitic_holoparasitic Plant that obtains all (or nearly all) of its energy through parasitism. parasitic_parasitic Plant that obtains some energy, mineral nutrition and/or water through parasitism. This term is used if a dataset does not specify if a plant is a hemiparasite or a holoparasite. parasitic_not_parasitic In the context of this trait, a plant that does not acquire energy, mineral nutrition, and/or water via haustoria connected to another plant. It can include species that form a symbiosis, including a parasitic interaction, with a fungal partner. parasitic_root_parasitic Parasitic plant whose haustoria penetrate the root of a host plant. parasitic_stem_parasitic Parasitic plant whose haustoria penetrate the stem of a host plant.
has broader	interspecific interactions trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality structure
keyword	parasite symbiosis haustorium energy nutrient parasitism biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis
scope note	none
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Parasite_1 [GIFT:1.5.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Nutritional relationships [BROT:18] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Simpson 2019 Nickrent & Musselman 2004
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/10/2022
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Ian J. Wright Peter Vesk Gregory J. Jordan Andy Leigh Patricia Lu-Irving Lily Dun David Coleman
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030029

Foliage time

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030030
alternative label	foliage_time
description	A plant phenological trait [TO:0000933] which is the months [UO:0000035] during which a plant [PO:0000003] has leaves [PO:0025034]. Months during which taxon has leaves.
comments	Trait keyed as a sequences of 12 Ns (without foliage) and Ys (with foliage), representing the 12 months, starting with January.
value type	categorical variable
has broader	plant phenological trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	time duration temporal pattern
keyword	shedability environmental condition evergreen deciduous plant phenological trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	vegetative growth time
examples	close match: Leaf phenology [BROT:4] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	01/04/2025
date modified	03/06/2025
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030030

Plant sex type

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030060
alternative label	sex_type
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the distribution [PATO:0000060] of male [PATO:0000384], female [PATO:0000383], and hermaphroditic [PATO:0001340] flowers [PO:0009046] on one individual [EFO:0000542] and across multiple individuals in a population [PCO:0000001]. Plant sex type, indicating, for a taxon the type of flowers (male, female, and hermaphroditic) present on individual plants versus separate plants within a population.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	sex_type_androdioecious Taxa in which hermaphroditic and staminate (male) plants coexist within a population. sex_type_andromonoecious Taxa with hermaphrodite flowers and staminate flowers (producing just male gametes) on the same plant but no pistillate (female) flowers. sex_type_dioecious Taxa that produce male and female flowers on separate plants. sex_type_gynodioecious Taxa in which hermaphroditic and pistillate (female) plants coexist within a population. sex_type_gynomonoecious Taxa with hermaphrodite flowers and pistillate flowers (producing just female gametes) on the same plant but no staminate (male) flowers. sex_type_hermaphrodite Taxa with flowers that produce both male and female gametes; bisexual. sex_type_monoecious Taxa that have both male and female flowers on the same plant but an individual flower produces only male or female gametes. sex_type_polygamous Taxa with both unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same plant. sex_type_polygamodioecious Taxa where some flowers on a plant are hermaphrodite and other are pistillate (female) or staminate (male). sex_type_polygamonoecious Taxa where some plants in a population have hermaphrodite and pistillate (female) flowers and others have hermaphrodite and staminate (male) flowers. sex_type_trioecious Taxa where plants in a population have either hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers, pistillate (female) flowers, or staminate (male) flowers. sex_type_unknown Inadequate information to assign a sex type.
has broader	plant structure morphology trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant flower
measured characteristic	organismal quality spatial pattern, distribution
keyword	hermaphrodite phenotypic sex
scope note
has exact match
has close match	mating system
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant dicliny type [TOP295] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Flower sexual syndrome (dichogamy, cleistogamy, dioecious, monoecious) [TRY:915] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Reproduction_sexual_1 [GIFT:3.4.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: whole plant sexual system [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030060

Pollination syndrome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030061
alternative label	pollination_syndrome
description	A classification [NCIT:C25161] based on a taxon’s [NCIT:C40098] flower morphology traits [TO:0000499] that indicates the taxa (biotic vectors) or abiotic mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] that most likely pollinate [GO:0009856] a flower [PO:0009046]. For a given taxon, the biotic vectors (including explicit taxa) or abiotic mechanisms that are most likely to pollinate its flowers, based on the taxon’s flower morphology.
comments	Trait values include both very specific terms and quite general ones, reflecting the variation in detail provided across studies.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	pollination_syndrome_abiotic Floral syndrome indicates pollination occurs through wind, water, or collision of free-floating particles. pollination_syndrome_biotic Floral syndrome suggests flowers are pollinated by a biotic agent. pollination_syndrome_animal Floral syndrome suggests flowers are animal-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_ballistic Floral syndrome suggests pollen is launched away from the plant by explosion. pollination_syndrome_bat Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bat-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_bee Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bee-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_beetle Floral syndrome suggests flowers are beetle-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_bird Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bird-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_butterfly Floral syndrome suggests flowers are butterfly-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_fly Floral syndrome suggests flowers are fly-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_insect Floral syndrome suggests flowers are insect-pollinated, type of insect not specified. pollination_syndrome_mammal Floral syndrome suggests flowers are mammal-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_moth Floral syndrome suggests flowers are moth-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_thrip Floral syndrome suggests flowers are thrip-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_vertebrate Floral syndrome suggests flowers are vertebrate-pollinated (bats, birds, mammals or lizards). pollination_syndrome_wasp Floral syndrome suggests flowers are wasp-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_water Floral syndrome suggests flowers are water-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_wind Floral syndrome suggests flowers are wind-pollinated. pollination_syndrome_self Floral syndrome suggests flowers are primarily self-pollinating. pollination_syndrome_pollination_rare Plants mostly reproduce through vegetative spread and flowering is rare.
has broader	floral organ morphology trait interspecific interactions trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism
keyword	pollination mutualism biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis pollinator reproduction symbiosis
scope note	applicable to seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms)
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Flower pollination syndrome [TOP333] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Pollination syndrome [TRY:29] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Pollination syndrome [GIFT:3.6] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: flower pollination syndrome [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Ollerton 2019 Dellinger 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	23/02/2023
reviewed by	Ruby Stephens
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030061

Pollination system

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030062
alternative label	pollination_system
description	A classification [NCIT:C25161] based on explicit field studies of pollination [GO:0009856] in the taxon’s [NCIT:C40098] native range (preferred) or else a combination of a taxon’s flower morphology traits [TO:0000499] (that suggest specific [NCIT:C38024] taxa (biotic vectors) or abiotic mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] that most likely pollinate [GO:0009856] a flower [PO:0009046]) and the pollinators actually observed visiting the taxon’s flower. For a given taxon, the biotic vectors (including explicit taxa) or abiotic mechanisms that are most likely to pollinate its flowers, based on explicit field studies of pollination in the taxon’s native range (preferred) or else a combination of possible pollinators observed visiting a taxon’s flowers and the taxon’s flower morphology.
comments	Trait values include both very specific terms and quite general ones, reflecting the variation in detail provided across studies.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	pollination_system_abiotic Observations indicate pollination occurs through wind, water, or collision of free-floating particles. pollination_system_biotic_unspecialised Taxa are pollinated by a biotic agent, but do not have a specialist pollinator. pollination_system_biotic_specialised Taxa depend upon a specialist pollinator for pollen transfer. pollination_system_animal Flowers are observed to be animal-pollinated. pollination_system_ballistic Pollen is observed to be launched away from the plant by explosion. pollination_system_bat Flowers are observed to be bat-pollinated. pollination_system_bee Flowers are observed to be bee-pollinated. pollination_system_beetle Flowers are observed to be beetle-pollinated. pollination_system_bird Flowers are observed to be bird-pollinated. pollination_system_butterfly Flowers are observed to be butterfly-pollinated. pollination_system_fly Flowers are observed to be fly-pollinated. pollination_system_insect Flowers are observed to be insect-pollinated, type of insect not specified. pollination_system_mammal Flowers are observed to be mammal-pollinated. pollination_system_moth Flowers are observed to be moth-pollinated. pollination_system_thrip Flowers are observed to be thrip-pollinated. pollination_system_vertebrate Flowers are observed to be vertebrate-pollinated (bats, birds, mammals or lizards). pollination_system_wasp Flowers are observed to be wasp-pollinated. pollination_system_water Flowers are observed to be water-pollinated. pollination_system_wind Flowers are observed to be wind-pollinated. pollination_system_self Flowers are self-pollinated.
has broader	floral organ morphology trait interspecific interactions trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism
keyword	pollination mutualism biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis pollinator reproduction symbiosis
scope note	applicable to seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms)
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Pollination syndrome [TRY:29] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Self_fertilization_1 [GIFT:3.1.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	Ollerton 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	23/02/2023
reviewed by	Ruby Stephens
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030062

Plant genome size

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030080
alternative label	genome_size
description	The total mass [PATO:0000125] of chromosomes [NCIT:C13202] that comprise a plant’s genome [OMIT:0027643] in a somatic cell [CL:0002371]. Mass of all chromosomes, the genome, in a somatic cell.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	pg picogram
minAllowedValue	0.5
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	genetic structure trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	mass
keyword	genome size somatic cell chromosome
scope note
has exact match	genome size
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Species genotype: genome size [TRY:1022] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030080

Chromosome ploidy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030081
alternative label	ploidy
description	The count [NCIT:C25463] of copies of each chromosome [NCIT:C13202] present in a somatic cell [CL:0002371]. Chromosome ploidy, the number of copies of each chromosome present in a somatic cell.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	4
has broader	genetic structure trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	has number of count
keyword	somatic cell chromosome ploidy
scope note
has exact match	ploidy ploidy level
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant chromosome number [TOP241] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Species genotype: chromosome ploidy [TRY:222] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Chromosome_number [GIFT:5.1.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030081

Age of reproductive maturity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030210
alternative label	reproductive_maturity
description	The age [NCIT:C25150] of a plant when it is capable of sexual reproduction [GO:0000003], which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] between seed germination [GO:0009845] and when a plant is able to produce mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010]. The age of a plant when they are able to set seed, indicating it is reproductively mature.
comments	Although reproductive maturity should be marked by the ability to set viable seed, this trait will often be scored as when plants first produce flowers, as this is easier to score. This trait is only meant to capture primary reproductive maturity, not secondary reproductive maturity following a disturbance. See a series of traits starting with fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering and fire_time_from_fire_to_fruiting for measures of secondary reproductive maturity.
value type	continuous variable
unit	a year
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	age duration organismal quality
keyword	reproduction flowering stage maturity
scope note
has exact match	days to maturity
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: whole plant primary juvenile period length [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Age at maturity of saplings [BROT:42] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030210

Diaspore dispersal syndrome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030211
alternative label	dispersal_syndrome
description	A classification [NCIT:C25161] based on a taxon’s [NCIT:C40098] seed morphology traits [TO:0000184] or fruit morphology traits [TO:0002629] that indicates the taxa (biotic vectors) or abiotic mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] that most likely disperse [OMIT: 0027297] seeds [PO:0009010] and fruit [PO:0009001] away from the parent plant. Plant dispersal syndromes are generally assigned to species based on suites of diaspore characteristics associated with specific mechanisms of dispersal. Trait values are mostly given as the formal dispersal syndromes ending in ‘chory’, a suffix meaning ‘a specified method of plant dispersal’.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	dispersal_syndrome_anemochory Diaspore is dispersed by wind. (Synonyms, wind) dispersal_syndrome_anthrochory Diaspore is dispersed by humans, either intentionally or unintentionally. dispersal_syndrome_atelochory Diaspore dispersal is prevented. (Synonyms, antitelochory) dispersal_syndrome_autochory Diaspore is dispersed by methods originating from the parent plant or diaspore. dispersal_syndrome_ballistic Seeds are launched away from the plant by explosion as soon as the seed capsule opens. dispersal_syndrome_barochory Diaspores are dispersed without assistance. (Synonyms, gravity, mobile, unassisted, passive) dispersal_syndrome_chamaechory Diaspore is dispersed by being rolled along ground surface by wind. dispersal_syndrome_endozoochory Diaspore is ingested by animals, either intentionally or accidentally, then transported before being deposited. (Synonyms, ingestion) dispersal_syndrome_epizoochory Diaspore is dispersed by accidentally attaching itself to the outside of an animal vector. (Synonyms, ectozoochory, exozoochory) dispersal_syndrome_hydrochory Diaspore is dispersed on the surface of water. (Synonyms, water) dispersal_syndrome_myrmecochory Diaspores have elaiosomes (specialised nutritious appendages) that make them attractive for capture, transport and use by ants or related insects. dispersal_syndrome_undefined Dispersal mechanism unknown. (Synonyms, unknown) dispersal_syndrome_zoochory Diaspore is dispersed by animals, by an undescribed mechanism.
has broader	interspecific interactions trait seed morphology trait fruit morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism shape
keyword	mutualism biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis seed dispersal appendage symbiosis
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant dispersal syndrome [TOP346] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Dispersal syndrome [TRY:28] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Dispersal syndrome [GIFT:3.3] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: whole plant dispersal syndrome [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) exact match: Dispersal mode [BROT:23] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Saatkamp 2018 Wigley 2020 LEDA Data Standards 2005 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030211

Diaspore dispersal agents

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030212
alternative label	dispersers
description	The taxa [NCIT:C40098] (biotic vectors) and abiotic mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] that disperse [OMIT: 0027297] seeds [PO:0009010] and fruit [PO:0009001] away from a parent plant. Dominant diaspore dispersal agents, including both biotic agents (specific taxa) or abiotic mechanisms responsible for dispersing seeds (or other dispersal units) away from the parent plant.
comments	Allowable terms for biotic dispersal agents include taxa at both the species-level and much broader groupings, reflecting both the different levels of resolution provided by researchers and whether a plant has specific versus broad dispersal agents. Abiotic dispersal mechanisms can likewise be quite general or specific, depending on data availability.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	dispersers_indigenous_people Indigenous people disperse the fruit through traditional practices. dispersers_abiotic Fruits are dispersed by unspecified abiotic mechanisms. dispersers_ants Ants are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_animals Animals are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_bats Bats are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_birds Birds are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_cassowaries Cassowaries, in contrast to smaller flying birds, are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_fish Fish are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_floods Floods are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_flying_vertebrates Flying birds and bats are important fruit dispersal agents. dispersers_flying_foxes Flying foxes are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_garden_refuse Fruit are dispersed through garden refuse. dispersers_insects Insects are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_invertebrates Invertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_mammals Mammals are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_mammals_domestic Domesticated ammals are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_non-flying_vertebrates Mammals and non-flying birds (i.e. cassowary, emu) are important fruit dispersal agents. dispersers_passive There is no special dispersal agent. dispersers_rain Rain is an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore is propelled by action of rain on plant structure or the wetting of the plant structure by rain or dew. dispersers_rodents Rodents are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_vehicles Vehicles are an important dispersal agent, such as through mud on tyres. dispersers_vertebrates Vertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_wind Wind is an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_water Water is an important fruit dispersal agent. dispersers_water_currents Water currents are an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore may be either floating or submerged in fresh/saltwater currents.
has broader	interspecific interactions trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism
keyword	mutualism biological process involved in symbiotic interaction, symbiosis seed dispersal symbiosis
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Plant dispersal syndrome [TOP346] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) close match: Dispersal syndrome [TRY:28] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013 Saatkamp 2018 Wigley 2020 LEDA Data Standards 2005 Kew Seed Information Database 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030212

Environmental flowering cues

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030213
alternative label	flowering_cues
description	Unpredictable, irregular environmental conditions [ENVO_01000203] that are linked to a plant [PO:0000003] producing flowers [PO:0009046]. A plants’ flowering response to unpredictable, irregular environmental cues.
comments	Taxa may be scored as having an environmental flowering cue, but also display a season-specific flowering response which is captured in the trait flowering_time. For additional details on a plant’s post-fire flowering response see also the trait post_fire_flowering.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	flowering_cues_rain Plants increase flowering in response to rain, but the time of year is not specified. flowering_cues_rain_obligate Plants only flower following rain events. flowering_cues_rain_all_year Plants increase flowering in response to rain at any time of the year. flowering_cues_rain_summer Plants increase flowering in response to summer rains. flowering_cues_rain_autumn Plants increase flowering in response to autumn rains. flowering_cues_rain_winter Plants increase flowering in response to winter rains. flowering_cues_rain_spring Plants increase flowering in response to spring rains. flowering_cues_floods Plants increase flowering in response to floods. flowering_cues_fire Plants increase flowering in response to fires.
has broader	plant phenological trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	time duration
keyword	whole plant flowering stage flowering time trait environmental condition disturbance (event fire
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030213

Flowering time, by month

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030214
alternative label	flowering_time
description	The months [UO:0000035] during which a plant [PO:0000003] has open (anthetic) flowers [PO:0009046] and is therefore at the whole plant flowering stage [PO:0007016]. Months during which taxon has open (anthetic) flowers.
comments	Trait keyed as a sequences of 12 Ns (not flowering) and Ys (flowering), representing the 12 months, starting with January.
value type	categorical variable
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower
measured characteristic	time duration temporal pattern
keyword	whole plant flowering stage flowering time trait
scope note
has exact match
has close match	flowering time
has related match	whole plant flowering stage
examples	related match: Plant flowering begin trait [TOP292] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) related match: Plant flowering end trait [TOP293] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Flower onset of flowering (first flowering date, flowering beginning) [TRY:2956] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Flowering time [GIFT:3.7] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: plant flowering duration [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata) close match: plant flowering begin [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Saatkamp 2018 Stephens 2022
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030214

Fruiting time, by month

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030215
alternative label	fruiting_time
description	The months [UO:0000035] during which a plant [PO:0000003] produces fruit [PO:0009001] with mature [PATO:0001701] seeds [PO:0009010]. Months during which taxon produces fruit with mature seeds.
comments	Trait keyed as a sequences of 12 Ns (not fruiting) and Ys (fruiting), representing the 12 months, starting with January.
value type	categorical variable
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit
measured characteristic	time duration temporal pattern
keyword	whole plant fruit development stage
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fruiting time [GIFT:3.8] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: plant fruiting duration [BIEN] (https://bien.nceas.ucsb.edu/bien/biendata)
references	Saatkamp 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030215

Seedling recruitment time, by month

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030216
alternative label	recruitment_time
description	The months [UO:0000035] during which seed [PO:0009010] germination [GO:0009845] and seedling establishment [EnvThes:20410] occurs. The months during which seed germination and seedling establishment occurs.
comments	Trait keyed as a sequences of 12 Ns (not recruiting) and Ys (recruiting), representing the 12 months, starting with January.
value type	categorical variable
has broader	plant phenological trait environmental tolerance trait fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant seed
measured characteristic	time organismal quality
keyword	seed germination recruitment seedling seedling establishment reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Auld 1990
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030216

Seedling establishment conditions

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030217
alternative label	seedling_establishment_conditions
description	The environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] under which a taxon [NCIT:C40098] displays seed [PO:0009010] germination [GO:0009845] and seedling establishment [EnvThes:20410], with trait values reflecting successional changes to the vegetation community. The environmental conditions under which a taxon’s seedlings can establish, with trait values reflecting successional changes to the vegetation community.
comments	The selection of trait values does not distinguish between the ability to establish in intermediate age versus mature vegetation, as this level of detail is rarely provided in datasets.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_fire Seedling establishment occurs following fire. seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_disturbance Seedling establishment occurs following disturbances that increase light levels at the ground surface, but the type of disturbance is not documented. seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_anytime Seedlings can establish immediately following a disturbance and in later years as vegetation ages, right thru to mature and over-mature vegetation seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation Seedlings require some environmental characteristics not found in vegetation straight after fires to establish, for they cannot establish within the first season or two after fire but can establish in older vegetation (including mature to over-mature vegetation).
has broader	plant phenological trait environmental tolerance trait fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant seed
measured characteristic	time organismal quality
keyword	seed germination recruitment seedling seedling establishment reproduction environmental condition
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Seedling establishment [TRY:3620] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030217

Canopy light environment required for reproduction

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030218
alternative label	reproductive_light_environment_index
description	A plant phenological [TO:0000933] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which is an index [NCIT:C25390] that captures the level of photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] required by plants for reproduction [GO:0000003]. The minimum light environment required by plants for reproduction, scaled from 0 to 8.
comments	0 indicates No direct light, extremely low levels of transmitted/reflected light, such as beneath dense fern or palm fronds close to ground level.; 0.5 indicates No direct light, very low levels of transmitted light; 1 indicates Rare or no exposure to direct light from lateral sources, and low levels of transmitted light.; 2 indicates Low lateral light and low-moderate transmitted light with <10% of inverted cone exposed to lateral sources of direct light, plus low to moderate levels of transmitted light; 3 indicates Low-moderate lateral & moderate transmitted light, with <5% exposure of the focal crown to vertical direct light, and <15 % of inverted cone exposed to lateral sources of direct light, plus moderate transmitted light.; 4 indicates Moderate lateral light & moderate-high transmitted light, with 5 - 10% exposure of focal crown to direct vertical light, plus 2-20% exposure of inverted cone to lateral sources of direct light, plus moderate to high levels of transmitted light.; 5 indicates Moderate vertical light and moderate-high lateral light, with 5 - 20% exposure of focal crown to direct vertical light, plus one or both of, i. 10-40% exposure of 90-degree inverted cone to lateral sources of direct light, ii. exposure to high levels of transmitted light; 6 indicates Moderate-High vertical and high lateral light, with 10-30% of vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light, and lateral light exposure for > 40% of 90-degree inverted cone, 7 indicates High vertical and lateral light, with 30-80% of vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light, or exposure to lateral sources of direct light for > 60 % of a 90-degree inverted cone encompassing the focal crown.; 8 indicates Full light exposure of crown, with > 80% of the vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light..
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	8
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	response to tolerance sensitivity
keyword	photosynthetically active radiation reproduction environmental condition recruitment radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	shade tolerance
examples	related match: Species light requirement [TRY:788] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Wells 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030218

Canopy light environment required for seedling establishment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030219
alternative label	establishment_light_environment_index
description	A plant phenological [TO:0000933] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which is an index [NCIT:C25390] that captures the level of photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] required by plants for seed germination [GO:0009845] and seedling establishment [EnvThes:20410]. The minimum light environment required by seedlings for establishment, scaled from 0 to 8.
comments	0 indicates No direct light, extremely low levels of transmitted/reflected light, such as beneath dense fern or palm fronds close to ground level.; 0.5 indicates No direct light, very low levels of transmitted light; 1 indicates Rare or no exposure to direct light from lateral sources, and low levels of transmitted light.; 2 indicates Low lateral light and low-moderate transmitted light with <10% of inverted cone exposed to lateral sources of direct light, plus low to moderate levels of transmitted light; 3 indicates Low-moderate lateral & moderate transmitted light, with <5% exposure of the focal crown to vertical direct light, and <15 % of inverted cone exposed to lateral sources of direct light, plus moderate transmitted light.; 4 indicates Moderate lateral light & moderate-high transmitted light, with 5 - 10% exposure of focal crown to direct vertical light, plus 2-20% exposure of inverted cone to lateral sources of direct light, plus moderate to high levels of transmitted light.; 5 indicates Moderate vertical light and moderate-high lateral light, with 5 - 20% exposure of focal crown to direct vertical light, plus one or both of, i. 10-40% exposure of 90-degree inverted cone to lateral sources of direct light, ii. exposure to high levels of transmitted light; 6 indicates Moderate-High vertical and high lateral light, with 10-30% of vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light, and lateral light exposure for > 40% of 90-degree inverted cone, 7 indicates High vertical and lateral light, with 30-80% of vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light, or exposure to lateral sources of direct light for > 60 % of a 90-degree inverted cone encompassing the focal crown.; 8 indicates Full light exposure of crown, with > 80% of the vertical projection of the crown exposed to vertical light..
value type	continuous variable
unit	{dimensionless}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	8
has broader	plant phenological trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	response to tolerance sensitivity
keyword	photosynthetically active radiation reproduction environmental condition seed germination seedling establishment recruitment radiation
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	shade tolerance
examples	related match: Species light requirement [TRY:788] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Wells 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030219

Seed storage location

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030411
alternative label	seedbank_location
description	The location [NCIT:C25341] of a plant’s [PO:0000003] seedbank [MESH:D000068098], indicating locations where mature [PATO:0001701] seeds [PO:0009010] are stored and remain viable [PATO:0000169] until germination [GO:0009845]. Location of a plant’s seedbank, the location where mature seeds are stored and viable until germinating.
comments	Related traits include seed_longevity, and serotiny.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedbank_location_seedbank A seedbank exists, but its locations is not specified. seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank Seeds stored in the canopy, usually still within a woody cone. seedbank_location_soil_seedbank Seeds stored in the soil. seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank_absent Seed explicitly not stored in the canopy. seedbank_location_soil_seedbank_absent Seed explicitly not stored in the soil. seedbank_location_none Seeds are not stored.
has broader	fire response trait reproductive structure life history trait plant phenological trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	seed whole plant fruit
measured characteristic	position organismal quality
keyword	seed germination seed bank reproduction seed viability soil canopy seed dormancy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seedbank type [TRY:159] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Lamont 1991 Lamont 2020 Leck 2012
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030411

Serotiny

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030412
alternative label	serotiny
description	A fire response trait which indicates whether a fruit [PO:0009001] or cone [strobilus; PO:0025083] remains closed in the canopy [ENVO:01001242] after maturation [TO:0002661], with the seed [PO:0009010] only being released [NCIT:C42882] after a specific [NCIT:C38024] environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203], usually an environmental cue associated with a fire [ENVO:01000786], but possibly also drought or extreme heat. Categorical variable describing whether a fruit or cone remains closed in the plant canopy after maturation until an environmental cue, usually a fire, but possibly also drought or extreme heat, triggers it to release its seeds.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	serotiny_not_serotinous Plant does not display serotiny. serotiny_serotinous Plant serotinous, level not specified. serotiny_serotiny_low Plant displays a weak level of serotiny, indicating it releases most of its seeds gradually, with only a small proportion of the seeds retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers the release of the entire seedbank. serotiny_serotiny_moderate Plant displays a moderate level of serotiny, indicating it releases some of its seeds gradually, with the remainder retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers the release of the entire seedbank. serotiny_serotiny_high Plant displays a strong level of serotiny, indicating all seeds are retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers their release.
has broader	fire response trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed fruit
measured characteristic	organismal quality requirement response to
keyword	seed maturation environmental condition fire reproduction canopy seed bank seed viability seed dormancy
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Seedbank type [TRY:159] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Serotiny level [BROT:39] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Lamont 2020
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030412

Seedbank longevity class

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030413
alternative label	seedbank_longevity_class
description	A seedbank’s [MESH:D000068098] longevity [EnvThes:22228], expressed as a categorical variable [STATO:0000252], where seedbank longevity is the time interval (duration [PATO:0001309]) a mature [PATO:0001701] seed [PO:0009010] remains in the seedbank, viable [PATO_0000169] and able to germinate [GO:0009845]. Categorical groupings indicating the length of time (duration) a mature seed remains in the seedbank, viable and able to germinate.
comments	Seedbank longevity classes are a feature of a population (sample) of seeds, not an individual seed. Also see the traits seedbank_longevity (numeric trait), seed_dormancy_class and the trait seed_recruitment_timing.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seedbank_longevity_class_transient Seed that survives in the seedbank until its first annual germination season, but not until its second annual germination season. Some transient seeds will germinate within weeks to months, while others may remain in the seedbank for slightly over a year, depending on how the annual recruitment season aligns with seed maturation. Transient seeds are non-dormant, remaining in the seedbank until environmental conditions are appropriate for germination. seedbank_longevity_class_persistent Seed that survives in the seedbank until at least its second germination season. seedbank_longevity_class_short_persistent Seed that persists in the seedbank for approximately 1 to 5 years, although the time interval varies by study. seedbank_longevity_class_long_persistent Seed that persists in the seedbank for more than 5 years, although the time interval varies by study. seedbank_longevity_class_widely_dispersed Seed longevity not important, as seeds are widely dispersed and always available for germination.
has broader	fire response trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	time duration
keyword	seed germination seed bank reproduction seed longevity survival seed dormancy
scope note
has exact match	seed longevity time
has close match	seed longevity
has related match
examples	close match: Canopy seed bank longevity [BROT:38] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Soil seed bank longevity [BROT:40] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Walck 2005 Thompson & Ooi 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	seed_longevity_categorical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030413

Seedbank longevity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030414
alternative label	seedbank_longevity
description	The half-life of the seedbank [MESH:D000068098], with is the time interval (duration [PATO:0001309]) from when seeds [PO:0009010] in a seedbank mature [PATO:0001701] until more than half the seeds in a seedbank are no longer able to germinate [GO:0009845]. The half-life of the seedbank, which is the length of time (duration) from when seeds in a seedbank mature until more than half the seeds in a seedbank are no longer able to germinate.
comments	Seedbank longevity can only be measured on a population (sample) of seeds, not on an individual seed. Also see the traits seedbank_longevity_class, seed_dormancy_class and seed_recruitment_timing.
value type	continuous variable
unit	a year
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fire response trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	time duration
keyword	seed germination seed bank reproduction seed longevity survival seed dormancy
scope note
has exact match	seed longevity time seed longevity
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Canopy seed bank longevity [BROT:38] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Soil seed bank longevity [BROT:40] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Thompson & Ooi 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	seed_longevity_numeric
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030414

Dormancy type

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030415
alternative label	seed_dormancy_class
description	Physical [PATO:0002079], physiological [NCIT:C16990], and morphological [PATO:0000051] mechanisms [NCIT:C25343] that inhibit mature [PATO:0001701] seeds [PO:0009010] from germinating [GO:0009845]. Mechanisms that inhibit mature seeds from germinating and the environmental or experimental cues that allow a seed to break dormancy and germinate.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_dormancy_class_morphophysiological_dormancy Seeds exhibit morphophysiological dormancy, with both morphological and physiological dormancy mechanisms that must be overcome. seed_dormancy_class_morphological_dormancy Seeds exhibit morphological dormancy, generally because an underdeveloped embryo needs to grow. seed_dormancy_class_non_dormant Seeds are non-dormant. seed_dormancy_class_physical_dormancy Seeds exhibit physical dormancy, due to one or more water-impermeable layers in the seed coat. seed_dormancy_class_physiological_dormancy Seeds exhibit physiological dormancy, whereby chemical changes are required within the seed to break dormancy, including temperature stratification and after-ripening.
has broader	reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	organismal quality requirement mechanism response to
keyword	seed germination environmental condition experimental condition seed dormancy reproduction recruitment
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match	seed dormancy
examples	close match: Chemical germination cues [BROT:35] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Heat-stimulated germination [BROT:36] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Other germination cues [BROT:37] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Baskin & Baskin 2004 Thompson & Ooi 2010
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	dormancy_type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030415

Seed germination treatment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030416
alternative label	seed_germination_treatment
description	The treatment [EFO:0000727] or experimental conditions [XCO:0000000] required for a high [NCIT:C25227] proportion [PATO:0001470] of seeds [PO:0009010] to germinate [GO:0009845] . Treatment required for seed to display high germination rates. The data included in AusTraits are mostly from seed banks that have recorded the protocols they use to encourage seeds to germinate. The treatments may therefore be only loosely connected to the cues required for a species’ to break dormancy.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	seed_germination_treatment_after_ripening Seed germinates more readily after a period of warm, dry storage. seed_germination_treatment_chemical_treatment Seed germinates more readily after a chemical treatment. seed_germination_treatment_cold Seed germinates more readily after cold treatment. seed_germination_treatment_dark Seed germinates more readily after being stored in the dark. seed_germination_treatment_heat Seed germinates more readily after being heated. seed_germination_treatment_heat_lethal Seed is heat sensitive. (A fire response, more than a treatment to break dormancy.) seed_germination_treatment_heat+smoke Seed germinates more readily after a treatment that merges heat and smoke. seed_germination_treatment_imbibe_hot Seed germinates more readily after being soaked in hot water; water temperature usually between 70 deg C to just below boiling. seed_germination_treatment_leaching Seed germinates more readily after leaching out certain chemicals. seed_germination_treatment_light Seed germinates more readily after light exposure. seed_germination_treatment_mycorrhizae Seed germinates more readily if infected by a mycorrhizal symbiont. seed_germination_treatment_none No treatment required for seed to display high germination rates. seed_germination_treatment_rain Seed germinates more readily after rain. seed_germination_treatment_scarify Seed coat is removed, nicked, or otherwise punctured to increase germination. seed_germination_treatment_smoke Seed germinates more readily after being subjected to a smoke treatment; includes smoked water. seed_germination_treatment_stratification Seed germinates more readily after being stored in moist conditions; not specified if the treatment was cold stratification or warm stratification. seed_germination_treatment_stratification_cold Seed germinates more readily after a period of cold, wet storage. seed_germination_treatment_stratification_warm Seed germinates more readily after a period of warm, wet storage.
has broader	reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	organismal quality tolerance sensitivity requirement response to
keyword	reproduction experimental condition seed dormancy seed germination recruitment
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed germination stimulation [TRY:34] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Chemical germination cues [BROT:35] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Heat-stimulated germination [BROT:36] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Other germination cues [BROT:37] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Merritt 2007 Jiménez-Alfaro 2016
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	germination_treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030416

Seed germination proportion

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030417
alternative label	seed_germination
description	The proportion [PATO:0001470] of mature [PATO:0001701] seeds [PO:0009010] in a sample that germinated [GO:0009845] under the specified [NCIT:C38024] environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] or experimental conditions [XCO:0000000]. Proportion of mature seeds in a sample that germinated under specified environmental or experimental conditions.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	has number of dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion count tolerance sensitivity
keyword	reproduction experimental condition seed dormancy seed germination environmental condition recruitment
scope note
has exact match	germination ratio percent germination
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed germination rate (germination efficiency) [TRY:95] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	LEDA Data Standards 2005 Royal Botanic Garden Sydney 2021 Bradbeer 1988
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note	germination
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030417

Seed viability

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030418
alternative label	seed_viability
description	The proportion [PATO:0001470] of mature [PATO:0001701] seeds [PO:0009010] that are capable of germinating [GO:0009845] under suitable [NCIT:C116358] environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] or experimental conditions [XCO:0000000] . Proportion of mature seeds in a sample that are capable of germinating under suitable conditions.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	has number of dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion count
keyword	seed germination environmental condition experimental condition seed viability seed bank reproduction recruitment
scope note
has exact match	seed viability ratio seed viability
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Seed viability TRY:1109
references	LEDA Data Standards 2005 Royal Botanic Garden Sydney 2021 Bradbeer 1988
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	30/11/2021
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Hervé Sauquet Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Lydia Guja Gregory J. Jordan Mark Ooi Karen D. Sommerville Lily Dun
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030418

Seed germination time

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030419
alternative label	seed_germination_time
description	The time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] from when a seed [PO:0009010] is exposed to suitable [NCIT:C116358] environmental conditions [ENVO:01000203] or experimental conditions [XCO:0000000] for germinating [GO:0009845] until it germinates. The time interval from when a seed is exposed to suitable conditions for germinating until it germinates.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	d day
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system seed
measured characteristic	duration
keyword	seed germination environmental condition experimental condition seed bank recruitment
scope note
has exact match	days to germinate
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	10/06/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030419

Vegetative reproduction ability

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030510
alternative label	vegetative_reproduction_ability
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which is the ability [NCIT:C78209] of individual [EFO:0000542] plants to reproduce [GO:0000003] through asexual reproduction [GO:0019954] (vegetative reproduction). A binary trait, indicating whether a plant taxon is able to reproduce and spread through the growth and division of vegetative material.
comments	For plants able to reproduce vegetatively, more detailed information about the mechanisms and structures that allow clonal spread is provided in the trait clonal_spread_mechanism. The trait dispersal_unit captures information on plants that never produce by seed.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	vegetative_reproduction_ability_not_vegetative Plant taxa that regenerate and spread only by seed. vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative Plant taxa that can regenerate and spread through the growth and division of vegetative material, not just from seed; examples include runners, rhizomes, and bulbs. vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative_obligate Plant taxa that never (or very rarely) regenerate from seed, instead regenerating and spreading entirely through the growth and division of vegetative material.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality
keyword	reproduction asexual reproduction survival vegetative growth clonal growth
scope note
has exact match	Ability to vegetative propagation clonal reproduction
has close match	vegetative growth
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant reproduction type [TOP123] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Plant vegetative regeneration capacity [TRY:344] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Reproduction_asexual_1 [GIFT:3.5.1] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) close match: Clonality [BROT:15] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	vegetative_regeneration
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030510

Clonal spread mechanism

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030511
alternative label	clonal_spread_mechanism
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the mechanism [NCIT:C25343] plants use for clonal growth [EnvThes:21032] (asexual reproduction [GO:0019954]) or for regeneration [GO:0031099] after a disturbance event [EnvThes:20373] Mechanisms and structures (tissues, organs, or other structures) a plant uses to spread vegetatively, including the production of clones.
comments	See vegetative_reproduction_ability for a binary description of whether a plant can spread vegetatively. There are two other traits with overlapping trait values, but that are distinct trait concepts: storage_organ indicates the plant structures where a plant stores excess carbohydrates; these organs may or may not facilitate clonal spread; bud_bank_location indicates the location of meristematic tissue (buds) that allow regeneration following a disturbance or after an annual unfavourable season.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	clonal_spread_mechanism_aboveground_clonal Vegetative buds or plant fragments that can disperse and produce new plants (including axillary buds, bulbils and turions). clonal_spread_mechanism_adventitious_roots Adventitious roots can form at nodes on the main roots or aboveground from nodes on stems. clonal_spread_mechanism_bulb Below ground storage organ derived from stem (and sometimes leaf) tissue, that divides into new individuals. clonal_spread_mechanism_belowground_clonal Plants use an unspecified underground organ for clonal spread. clonal_spread_mechanism_corm Below ground organ derived from stem tissue that can function either for vegetative spread or to regenerate following a disturbance. clonal_spread_mechanism_rhizome Plant has an underground stem that has stem buds and forms adventitious roots at nodes; this stem may be woody or non-woody. Rhizomes are both a mechanism for vegetative spread and a strategy to survive fire. clonal_spread_mechanism_root_buds Root buds that produce vertical suckers. clonal_spread_mechanism_root_tuber A swollen root that functions as a storage organ and has buds that allow clonal growth. clonal_spread_mechanism_stem_tuber A swollen underground stem that functions as a storage organ and has buds that allow clonal growth. clonal_spread_mechanism_stolon Plants having horizontal branches (stems) from the base of the plant that produce new plants from buds at its tip or nodes. clonal_spread_mechanism_viviparous Plant produces clonal offspring that grow while still attached to the parent plant. clonal_spread_mechanism_non_clonal Plant does not display clonal growth.
has broader	life history trait plant structure morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud root stem
measured characteristic	organismal quality mechanism structure
keyword	clonal growth asexual reproduction regeneration survival plant organ reproduction vegetative growth
scope note
has exact match	clonal reproduction
has close match
has related match	clonal growth
examples	exact match: Plant vegetative reproduction: clonal growth organ [TRY:356] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Reproduction_asexual_2 [GIFT:3.5.2] (https://gift.uni-goettingen.de) exact match: Clonality [BROT:15] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030511

Storage organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030512
alternative label	storage_organ
description	A plant structure morphology trait [TO:0000839] which is the type [NCIT:C25284] of storage organ [EFO:0000997] a plant has, where a storage organ is a plant part (organ [PO:0009008], tissue [PO:0009007], or other plant structure [PO:0009011]) whose function [NCIT:C25518] is carbohydrate [CHEBI:16646] (energy [PATO:0001021]) storage. Plant structures (tissues, organs, or other structures) where a plant stores excess carbohydrates (energy). The stored energy may be used for future growth, including clonal spread and regrowth following an annual unfavourable season, or for regrowth following a disturbance event (including post-fire regeneration or another disturbance event that causes leaf loss). Trait values include both generic terms and quite specific ones to accommodate the variation in detail provided across datasets.
comments	There are two other traits with overlapping trait values, but that are distinct trait concepts: clonal_spread_mechanism indicates mechanisms and structures a plant actually uses for vegetative spread; not all energy storage organs also allow vegetative spread; bud_bank_location indicates the location of meristematic tissue (buds) that allow regeneration following a disturbance or after an annual unfavourable season. See Pausus, Lamont et al. 2018 (doi.org/10.1111/nph.14982) for detailed descriptions of recolonization ability and level of fire protection provided by each regeneration strategy.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	storage_organ_bulb Below ground storage organ derived from stem and usually leaf tissue. storage_organ_corm Below ground storage organ that is a short, rounded, vertical, fleshy, underground stem. storage_organ_caudex Swollen stem that usually functions in water storage, although the term can also apply to below ground structures or to swollen roots. storage_organ_fleshy_underground_organ Plants that use fleshy, generally underground organs (swellings) to regenerate, but the type of organ is not specified; examples include corms, tubers, bulbs, and caudex. storage_organ_lignotuber Swollen woody structures are located at the transition between the stem base and root crown of woody shrubs, mallees and small trees, and are formed from stem tissues. Buds are located over the entire structure. No colonisation ability. storage_organ_pseudobulb An above ground storage organ present in many terrestrial and epiphytic orchids created throough the thickening of the stem between leaf nodes. storage_organ_rhizome A type of continually growing or creeping underground stem, but it is not specified if the rhizome is woody or non-woody. storage_organ_rhizome_woody A type of continually growing or creeping woody underground stem. storage_organ_rhizome_fleshy A type of continually growing or creeping fleshy, non-woody underground stem. storage_organ_rhizome_fibrous A type of continually growing or creeping fibrous, non-woody underground stem. storage_organ_root_tuber A swollen root the stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water. (Synonym, taproot tuber) storage_organ_stem_tuber A swollen underground stem that stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water. storage_organ_storage_organ Plant has a storage organ, but the type is unknown. storage_organ_tuber A swollen underground organ that stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water, where it is not specified if the tuber develops from root or stem tissue. storage_organ_no_storage_organ No storage organ present
has broader	life history trait plant structure morphology trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	whole plant root stem
measured characteristic	structure function
keyword	storage organ plant organ carbohydrate energy Plant resprout survival
scope note
has exact match	storage organ
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Plant storage organ [TOP166] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	Pausus, Lamont et al. 2018 Wigley 2020 Tavşanoğlu & Pausas 2018
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030512

Bud bank location

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030513
alternative label	bud_bank_location
description	The position [PATO:0000140] and distribution [PATO:0000060] of vegetative meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055]) on a plant [PO:0000003]. These may be buds that allow a plant to regrow following an unfavourable season or buds that survive [EnvThes:21064] a disturbance event [EnvThes:20373] such as a fire, cyclone or drought. In particular, they may be meristematic tissue that survives a fire [ENVO:01000786] and allows the plant to resprout [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout] following the fire. The location of buds (meristematic tissue) on a plant that allows it to resprout following a fire, annual unfavourable season, or other disturbance event, such as a drought or cyclone. Trait values include both generic terms and quite specific ones to accommodate the variation in detail provided across datasets.
comments	There are two other traits with overlapping trait values, but that are distinct trait concepts: clonal_spread_mechanism indicates mechanisms and structures a plant actually uses for vegetative spread; not all energy storage organs also allow vegetative spread; storage_organ indicates the plant structures where a plant stores excess carbohydrates. See Pausus, Lamont et al. 2018 (doi.org/10.1111/nph.14982) for detailed descriptions of recolonization ability and level of fire protection provided by each regeneration strategy. If specific bud banks only survive some types of disturbance, the disturbance should be specified as a context property.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	bud_bank_location_apical_buds Plants resprout from above-ground apical meristems. Also termed a caudex. Term refers to palm-like plants with aerial buds that resprout, including grass trees, palms, tree ferns, and pandanus. (Synonym, aerial apical sprouter) bud_bank_location_basal_buds Plants resprout from its base, with buds originating from stem tissue (e.g. lignotuber) and root tissue (root crown) not distinguished between. Most buds designated as being basal are likely to be resprouts from a lignotuber, but this trait value is used if the dataset reported basal buds rather than basal stem buds or lignotuber. bud_bank_location_basal_stem_buds Plants resprout from the base of the stem. Australian plants with basal stem buds usually have a lignotuber, documented in the trait storage_organ. (Synonym, rootstock, lignotuberous resprouter) bud_bank_location_epicormic_buds Plants resprout from the stem or trunk. bud_bank_location_fleshy_underground_organ Plants resprouts from buds on a fleshy underground organ that is a taproot tuber, bulb, corm, stem tuber, root tuber, or belowground caudex. (Synonym, geophyte) bud_bank_location_root_crown Plants resprout from the root crown, the root tissue at the root-stem transition. bud_bank_location_bud-bearing_root Root buds produce vertical suckers (from root crown) or adventitious roots. (Synonyms, root-suckering resprouter, adventitious buds) bud_bank_location_rhizome Plants resprout from buds on a rhizome, where it is not specified if the rhizome is woody or non-woody. bud_bank_location_rhizome_woody Plants resprout from buds on a woody rhizome. bud_bank_location_rhizome_non_woody Plants resprout from buds on a fleshy rhizome, rhizophore, or fibrous rhizome. bud_bank_location_stem_buds Plants resprout from stem buds; this trait value is separate to epicormic buds. (Synonyms, aerial axillary resprouter) bud_bank_location_stem_tuber Plants resprout from buds on a stem tuber. bud_bank_location_stolon Horizontal branches (stems) resprout from the base of the plant. bud_bank_location_underground_buds Plants that resprout from underground organ, but the type of organ isn’t specified. bud_bank_location_none Plants lack regenerative buds.
has broader	whole plant phenotype trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud
measured characteristic	position spatial pattern, distribution location
keyword	shoot system meristem survival disturbance (event fire Plant resprout regeneration
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Bud source [BROT:30] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pausus, Lamont et al. 2018 Wigley 2020 Tavşanoğlu & Pausas 2018 Clarke 2013
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030513

Sprout depth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030514
alternative label	sprout_depth
description	The depth [PATO:0001595] below the ground [SWEET:realmSoil/Ground] surface or height [PATO:0000119] above the ground surface of vegetative meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055]) that resprouts [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout] following a fire [ENVO:01000786]. Depth below the soil surface (positive number) or height above ground (negative number) from which buds (meristematic tissue) resprout following a disturbance, such as a fire.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mm millimetre
minAllowedValue	-100
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud
measured characteristic	depth height
keyword	shoot system meristem fire Plant resprout ground soil regeneration
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Budbank height distribution [TRY:153] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Vesk & Yen 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030514

Post-fire resprouting capacity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030610
alternative label	resprouting_capacity
description	A fire response trait which indicates whether mature [PATO:0001701] plants [PO:0000003] from a taxon [NCIT:C40098] or population [PCO:0000001] are killed or have vegetative meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055]) that resprout [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout] following a fire [ENVO:01000786] that causes 100% leaf scorch, with fire severity index [EnvThes:22120] an important contextual variable. Trait indicating whether mature individuals of a taxon are killed, resprout, or have a mixed survival response when exposed to fire that causes 100% leaf scorch. Species where at least 70% of plants resprout are designated resprouters, while those where fewer than 30% of plants resprout are designated as fire killed. Species with an intermediate response have a mixed fire response, and are coded as fire_killed resprouts.
comments	This trait is narrowly applicable only to taxa that experience fire; see the trait fire_exposure_level for trait values related to species whose strategy is to avoid fire.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	resprouting_capacity_fire_killed Fewer than 30% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. (Synonym, fire-sensitive) resprouting_capacity_resprouts More than 70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. resprouting_capacity_partial_resprouting Between 30-70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud
measured characteristic	response to tolerance sensitivity
keyword	disturbance (event fire Plant resprout habitat disturbance regeneration shoot system meristem survival
scope note	applicable to plants that experience fire
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Species tolerance to fire [TRY:318] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Plant resprouting capacity [TRY:819] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Resprouting capacity after fire [BROT:34] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Gill & Bradstock 1992 Clarke 2015
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	fire_response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030610

Post-fire proportion resprouting individuals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030611
alternative label	resprouting_capacity_proportion_individuals
description	A fire response trait which is the proportion [PATO:0001470] of mature [PATO:0001701] individuals [EFO:0000542] in a population [PCO:0000001] that have vegetative meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055]) that resprouts [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout] following a fire [ENVO:01000786]. Proportion of mature individuals in a population that survive a fire and resprout following a fire.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion count tolerance sensitivity response to
keyword	disturbance (event fire Plant resprout habitat disturbance regeneration shoot system meristem survival
scope note	applicable to plants that experience fire
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Species tolerance to fire [TRY:318] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) exact match: Plant resprouting capacity [TRY:819] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	fire_response_numeric
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030611

Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030612
alternative label	resprouting_capacity_juvenile
description	A fire response trait which indicates whether juvenile [PATO:0001190] plants [PO:0000003] from a taxon [NCIT:C40098] or population [PCO:0000001] are killed or have vegetative meristematic tissue [PO:0006079] (buds [PO:0000055]) that resprouts [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout] following a fire [ENVO:01000786] with 100% leaf scorch. Trait indicating whether juvenile phase individuals of a taxon are killed, resprout, or have a mixed survival response when exposed to a fire with 100% leaf scorch.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_fire_killed Few to no juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch. resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_resprout More than 50% of juvenile plants survive and resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch. resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_moderate_fire_killed 25-50% of juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant bud
measured characteristic	response to tolerance sensitivity tolerance
keyword	disturbance (event fire Plant resprout habitat disturbance regeneration shoot system meristem survival juvenile
scope note	applicable to plants that experience fire
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Species tolerance to fire [TRY:318] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Plant resprouting capacity [TRY:819] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Noble & Slatyer 1980 Noble & Gitay 1996
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	fire_response_juvenile
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030612

Time from seedling germination until individuals survive a fire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030613
alternative label	resprouting_capacity_time_from_germination
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] from seed germination [GO:0009845] until individuals [EFO:0000542] are able to survive [EnvThes:21064] and resprout [PlantResprout] following a fire where 100% of the leaves [PO:0025034] in the canopy [ENVO:01001242] are scorched. A fire response trait which is the time from seed germination until individuals are able to survive and resprout following a fire where 100% of the leaves in the canopy are scorched.
comments	An essential context property to map for this trait is the population survival metric. For instance, is this trait scored based on the youngest individual to survive a fire or the age at which 50% of individuals survive and resprout following a fire.
value type	continuous variable
unit	a year
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	age organismal quality
keyword	disturbance (event fire Plant resprout habitat disturbance regeneration survival
scope note	applicable to plants that resprout following fire at some life stages
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	19/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030613

Post-fire to pre-fire stem ratio

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030614
alternative label	resprouting_capacity_stem_ratio
description	A fire response trait which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the count [NCIT:C25463] of stems [PO:0009047] per individual [EFO:0000542] following a fire [ENVO:01000786] to the count of stems per individual before the fire, recorded for taxa that have multiple stems emerging from the ground [SWEET:realmSoil/Ground]. Ratio of stem count post-fire to basal stem count (e.g. grass tillers) pre-fire at an individual or population level. This trait is appropriate to score for plants that have many stems from the base (shrubs, herbs, graminoids) where the number of stems is censused both before and after the fire. It is a continuous measure of resprouting strength conditioned on initial size.
comments	This trait will usually be recorded in natural or experimental systems subjected to a controlled burn, where stem counts can be censused both before and after a fire. However, it is appropriate to include data for any plants subjected to fire where the dead stems can still be counted post-fire.
value type	continuous variable
unit	{count}/{count}
minAllowedValue	0
maxAllowedValue	10
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant stem
measured characteristic	dimensionless ratio ratio; proportion response to tolerance sensitivity
keyword	fire Plant resprout disturbance (event survival regeneration
scope note	applicable to plants that experience fire
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Moore 2019
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	fire_response_stem_ratio
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030614

Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030615
alternative label	resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance
description	A whole plant [PO:0000003] life history [ECOCORE:00000018] trait which is the ability [NCIT:C78209] of individual [EFO:0000542] plants to regenerate [GO:0031099] vegetatively (resprout [Cerrado:fire#PlantResprout]) from meristematic tissue [PO:0006079], buds [PO:0000055]) after a disturbance event [EnvThes:20373] other than a fire [ENVO:01000786] that causes 100% defoliation. A plant’s ability to regenerate vegetatively (resprout) from a disturbance other than fire that causes 100% defoliation.
comments	This trait explicitly refers to a plant’s vegetative regeneration ability following a disturbance event other than fire. See other resprouting_capacity traits, bud_bank_location, and clonal_spread_mechanism for other information about a plant’s ability to resprout. Just as post-fire resprouting capacity is documented in individuals that have suffered 100% leaf scorch, this trait should be scored only on individuals that have suffered 100% leaf loss. If a different leaf loss percentage is used, this needs to be documented as a context property.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_non_fire_disturbance Plants that are known to be fire-killed, but have the ability to resprout following a disturbance other than fire that causes 100% leaf loss. resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_cyclone Plants are able to resprout following 100% leaf loss in a cyclone. resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_drought Plants are able to resprout following 100% leaf loss during a drought.
has broader	life history trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality ability tolerance sensitivity
keyword	regeneration shoot system meristem disturbance (event Plant resprout habitat disturbance environmental condition survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Resprouting capacity after disturbances [BROT:33] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) close match: Resprouting capacity after clipping [BROT:32] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	regeneration_non_fire_disturbance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030615

Fire exposure level

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030651
alternative label	fire_exposure_level
description	A fire response trait indicating small-scale variation in plant [PO:0000003] habitat [ENVO:01000739] or growing season that protects the plant’s shoot systems [PO:0009006] or root system [PO:0025025] from exposure [NCIT:C17941] to fire [ENVO:01000786] or being damaged (scorched) by fire, when a fire occurs nearby. Trait indicating habitat (or microhabitat) variation that protects the shoot or root system of some taxa from being exposed to fire and scorched by the fire, even when a fire burns nearby.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	fire_exposure_level_aquatic_taxon Plants rarely or never experience fires because they are aquatic. fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_among_rocks Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is restricted to rocky outcrops or rock pavement. fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_near_water Plants rarely or never experience fires because their habitat is close to a body of water. fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_in_swamp Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is usually saturated, but populations can be catastrophically impacted during severe droughts when the swamps dry out. fire_exposure_level_seasonal_fire_avoidance Plants avoid fire by only have above-ground parts during seasons when fire is rare or absent, but populations can be catastrophically impacted if fire occurs during an atypical season.
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	response to exposure avoidance
keyword	shoot system fire habitat disturbance survival disturbance (event
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030651

Post-fire recruitment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030652
alternative label	post_fire_recruitment
description	A fire response trait which is the magnitude [NCIT:C49158] of seed [PO:0009010] germination [GO:0009845] and seedling establishment [EnvThes:20410] after a fire [ENVO:01000786]. A trait indicating the magnitude of seed germination and seedling establishment following a fire.
comments	This trait does not suggest what mechanism(s) is triggering post-fire recruitment, but only that a post-fire response is (or is not) observed. There are several fire-related context properties that should be documented whenever possible, including fire severity (most important), fire season, and fire frequency. In addition, the time from fire to recruitment will vary greatly across systems, and, when available, a basic habitat description should be documented as a location property.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment Plants that germinate post-fire. post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment_absent Plants that do not show increased seeding following fire.
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant seed
measured characteristic	response to sensitivity requirement sensitivity sensitivity response to
keyword	seed germination seedling establishment fire habitat disturbance recruitment environmental condition disturbance (event
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Post-fire seedling emergence [BROT:43] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135) related match: Post-fire seedling survival [BROT:44] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pyke 2017 Noble & Slatyer 1980
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	fire_and_establishing
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030652

Post-fire flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030653
alternative label	post_fire_flowering
description	A fire response trait which is a taxon’s [NCIT:C40098] flowering [PO:0007016] response [NCIT:C25755] to fire [ENVO:01000786], indicating if the magnitude [NCIT_C49158] of flowers [PO:0009046] increases, decreases or remains unchanged following a fire. Indication of whether the magnitude of flowers produced by a taxon increases, decreases or remains unchanged following a fire.
comments	This trait does not suggest what mechanism(s) is triggering post-fire flowering, but only that a post-fire response is (or is not) observed. There are several fire-related context properties that should be documented whenever possible, including fire severity (most important), fire season, and fire frequency. In addition, the time from fire to flowering will vary greatly across systems, and, when available, a basic habitat description should be documented as a location property.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	post_fire_flowering_fire_dependent_flowering Plants predominantly flower after a fire, usually within the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire. post_fire_flowering_fire_enhanced_flowering Flowering is enhanced after a fire, with plants flowering more prolifically for the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire. post_fire_flowering_fire_independent_flowering Flowering is independent of fire, with the magnitude of flowers produced by plants unchanged following a fire. post_fire_flowering_fire_suppressed_flowering Flowering is suppressed or absent after a fire, with plants producing fewer flowers for at least the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.
has broader	fire response trait plant phenological trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant flower
measured characteristic	requirement response to sensitivity
keyword	whole plant flowering stage flowering time trait fire habitat disturbance environmental condition
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Fire-stimulated flowering [BROT:31] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Pyke 2017 Noble & Slatyer 1980
date created	23/02/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030653

Time from fire to first flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030654
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until one individual [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] reaches whole plant flowering stage [PO_0007016]. The time interval from a fire until the first individual in a population begins flowering.
comments	This trait can include data that documents the time from a fire until either a resprouter or a fire-killed species first begins flowering, as both have important regeneration and conservation implications. Whenever available, a context property should be added to indicate if data are scoring the time from seed germination or post-fire resprouting to the onset of flowering.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fire response trait plant phenological trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant flowering stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Noble & Slatyer 1980
date created	16/02/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030654

Time from fire until 50% of individuals are flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030655
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_50_percent_flowering
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until a 50% of the individuals [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] reaches whole plant flowering stage [PO_0007016]. The time interval from a fire until 50% of the individuals in a population produce flowers.
comments	This trait can include data that documents the time from a fire until either a resprouter or a fire-killed species first begins flowering, as both have important regeneration and conservation implications. Whenever available, a context property should be added to indicate if data are scoring the time from seed germination or post-fire resprouting to the onset of flowering.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	fire response trait plant phenological trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant flowering stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Gosper 2013 Noble & Slatyer 1980 Bradstock & Kenny 2003
date created	17/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030655

Time from fire to peak flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030656
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_peak_flowering
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until the individuals [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] reach maximum flowering [PO_0007016] levels. The time interval from a fire until the individuals in a population display maximum flowering.
comments	This trait can include data that documents the time from a fire until either a resprouter or a fire-killed species first begins flowering, as both have important regeneration and conservation implications. Whenever available, a context property should be added to indicate if data are scoring the time from seed germination or post-fire resprouting to the onset of flowering.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fire response trait plant phenological trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant flowering stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	17/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030656

Time from fire until flowering declines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030657
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_flowering_decline
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until the individuals [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] begin to decrease their level of flowering [PO_0007016]. The time interval from a fire until the degree of flowering by individuals in a population begin to decline.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fire response trait plant phenological trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system flower whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant flowering stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	no linked references
date created	17/05/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030657

Time from fire to fruiting

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030658
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_fruiting
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until one individual [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] produces mature [PATO:0001701] fruit [PO:0009001]. The time interval from a fire until the first individual in a population produces a mature fruit with viable propagules.
comments	This trait can include data that documents the time from a fire until either a resprouter or a fire-killed species first begins producing mature fruit, as both have important regeneration and conservation implications. Whenever available, a context property should be added to indicate if data are scoring the time from seed germination or post-fire resprouting to the onset of fruiting.
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	fire response trait whole plant phenotype trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant fruit development stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Gosper 2013 Noble & Slatyer 1980 Bradstock & Kenny 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note	time_from_fire_to_fruit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030658

Time from fire until 50% of individuals are fruiting

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030659
alternative label	fire_time_from_fire_to_50_percent_fruiting
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] after a fire [ENVO:01000786] until a 50% of the individuals [EFO:0000542] of a taxon [NCIT:C40098] in a population [PCO:0000001] produce mature [PATO:0001701] fruit [PO:0009001]. The time interval from a fire until 50% of the individuals in a population produce mature fruit.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	mo month
minAllowedValue	1
maxAllowedValue	500
has broader	fire response trait whole plant phenotype trait reproductive structure life history trait
plant structure plant structure plant structure	reproductive shoot system fruit whole plant
measured characteristic	time duration organismal quality age
keyword	fire whole plant fruit development stage habitat disturbance regeneration disturbance (event maturity Plant resprout reproduction
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Age at maturity of resprouts [BROT:41] (http://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2018.135)
references	Gosper 2013 Noble & Slatyer 1980 Bradstock & Kenny 2003
date created	16/02/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030659

Fuel bed bulk density

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030710
alternative label	fire_fuel_bed_bulk_density
description	Fuel bed bulk density (volume density [PATO:0001353]), which is the ratio [PATO:0001470] of the mass [PATO:0000125] of the fuel bed divided by the fuel bed volume [PATO:0000918]; the term fuel bed refers to the accumulated plant litter [ENVO:01000628] on the ground [SWEET:realmSoil/Ground], as this is the fuel [CHEBI:33292] that is burnt in a ground fire [ENVO:01000786]. The density of the fuel bed, the plant litter accumulated on the ground. It is calculated as the ratio of the mass of the fuel bed to the fuel bed volume. This trait should be measured on plant litter from a single taxon.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon and fuel bed will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document fuel bed bulk density in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetre
minAllowedValue	0.001
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion volume density mass density, density
keyword	plant litter fuel fire ground experimental condition
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	Grootemaat 2017
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030710

Fuel consumption by fire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030711
alternative label	fire_fuel_consumption
description	For a given taxon [NCIT:C40098], the proportion [PATO:0001470] of plant biomass [ENVO:01000155] (fuel [CHEBI:33292]) that is consumed by a fire [ENVO:01000786]. Proportion of available plant biomass (live and dead) that is consumed by fire. This trait should be measured on biomass from a single taxon.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document fuel consumption in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	g/g gram per gram
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant leaf
measured characteristic	mass mass fraction ratio; proportion dimensionless ratio
keyword	fuel fire combustion ash combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030711

Fire rate of spread

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030712
alternative label	fire_rate_of_spread
description	For a given taxon [NCIT:C40098], the horizontal [PATO:0001855] speed [PATO:0000008] of fire [ENVO:01000786] movement [NCIT:C37994]. The horizontal rate of fire spread.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document rates of fire spread in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	cm/s centimetre per second
minAllowedValue	0.01
maxAllowedValue	1
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	movement speed rate ratio; proportion
keyword	habitat disturbance fuel fire combustion combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030712

Leaf smoulder duration

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030713
alternative label	fire_smoulder_duration
description	A fire response trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] of the portion of fire [ENVO:01000786]-induced combustion [NCIT:C157201] process from the time when a flame [ENVO:01000789] is no longer visible until smoulder combustion ends. Smoulder duration for a single leaf, which is the time from the end of the last visible flame until the glowing phase dies out.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document rates of fire spread in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	s second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1000
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	time duration time interval
keyword	fire flame combustion smoulder combustion combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030713

Leaf flame duration

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030714
alternative label	fire_flame_duration
description	A fire response trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] of the portion of fire [ENVO:01000786]-induced combustion [NCIT:C157201] process from the start of combustion until a flame [ENVO:01000789] is no longer visible. Flame duration for a single leaf, which is the time from the first visible flame until the last visible flame.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document rates of fire spread in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	s second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	200
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	time duration time interval
keyword	fire flame combustion combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030714

Leaf flame and smoulder duration

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030715
alternative label	fire_total_burn_duration
description	A fire response trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] of the entire fire [ENVO:01000786]-induced combustion [NCIT:C157201] process from the time of the start of combustion until smoulder combustion [APD:glossary/40094] ends. For a single leaf, the sum of flame duration and smoulder duration, which is the time from the first visible flame until the glowing phase dies out.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document rates of fire spread in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	s second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	1500
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	time duration time interval
keyword	fire combustion flame smoulder combustion combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030715

Fire time to ignition

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030716
alternative label	fire_time_to_ignition
description	A fire response trait which is the time interval (duration) [PATO:0001309] from a leaf’s [PO:0025034] exposure [NCIT:C17941] to a flame [ENVO:01000789] until the leaf ignites [APD:glossary/40040]. For a single leaf, the time from an ignition source contacting the leaf until ignition occurs.
comments	In wildland environments it will be difficult to measure this trait on an individual taxon; it will instead be a ‘community level’ trait. Therefore, this trait will generally be used to document rates of fire spread in experimental situations.
value type	continuous variable
unit	s second
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	fire response trait
plant structure	leaf
measured characteristic	time duration time interval
keyword	flame fire ignition survival combustion process
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030716

Plant resource requirements and tolerance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030810
alternative label	plant_type_by_resource_use
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which categorises plants based on the environmental conditions in which they survive and thrive, including their tolerance of, sensitivity [NCIT:C25201] to, and requirement [NCIT:C25652] for certain resource availabilities [EnvThes:21497], including water [CHEBI:15377] availability and soil [ENVO:00001998] nutrient [CHEBI:33284] content and salinity [PATO:0085001]. Classification scheme of plant resource requirements and tolerances, categorising taxa based on their water, soil nutrient, and soil salinity requirements and tolerances.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_type_by_resource_use_hydrohalophyte Tidal swamp or ‘mangrove’ and coastal lagoon elements and temperate-zone salt-marsh taxa are classed together. plant_type_by_resource_use_phreatophyte Deep-rooted plants<U+2014>usually trees<U+2014>obtaining water from a deep underground source that may or may not be saline. plant_type_by_resource_use_psammophile Sand-loving plants commonly found in littoral strand or inland sandfields. plant_type_by_resource_use_weedy This inexact term is meant to indicate a high degree of adaptability to sites, and proven tendency toward aggressive colonization of either dry or wet sites, or rarely, both. In general, weeds invade and colonize highly disturbed sites or areas. plant_type_by_resource_use_xerohalophyte Plants adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats. plant_type_by_resource_use_xerophyte Drought-tolerant and drought-adapted plants.
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance requirement sensitivity
keyword	environmental condition resource availability water soil nutrient salinity
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Species tolerance to salt [TRY:1254] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php) close match: Species tolerance to drought [TRY:30] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Santos 2016
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	plant_type_by_resource_use
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030810

Plant flood regime response

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030811
alternative label	plant_flood_regime_classification
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which categorises plants based on the depth [PATO:0001595], duration [PATO:0001309] and frequency [PATO:0000044] of inundation [SWEET:phenSystem/Inundation] a plant [PO:0000003] is able to tolerate. It incorporates their ability to tolerate or respond to fluctuations in flooding [ENVO:01000710] and drying, including growth [GO:0040007] and seed germination [GO:0009845] responses. Classification scheme of plant flood regime requirements and tolerances, categorising taxa into seven groups based on their germination and growth responses to flood regimes.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_dry Species which germinate, grow and reproduce where there is no surface water and the water table is below the soil surface. (Dry species; Tdr) plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_damp Species which germinate, grow and reproduce on saturated soil. (Damp species; Tda) plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_emergent Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions, which tolerate variation in water level, and which grow with their basal portions under water and reproduce out of water. (Emergent species; ATe) plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_low Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions, which tolerate variation in water level, which are low-growing and tolerate complete submersion when water-levels rise. (Low-growing species; ATl) plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_plastic Species which germinate in flooded conditions, grow in both flooded and damp conditions, reproduce above the surface of the water, and which have morphological plasticity (e.g. heterophylly) in response to water-level variation. (Morphologically plastic species; ARp) plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_floating Species which germinate in flooded conditions, grow in both flooded and damp conditions, reproduce above the surface of the water, and which have floating leaves when inundated. (Species with floating leaves; ARf) plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions and can grow in or our of water. plant_flood_regime_classification_submerged Species which germinate, grow and reproduce underwater. (S
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity requirement duration
keyword	environmental condition flood growth seed germination inundation soil water content resource availability water survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Ellenberg moisture value [TOP779] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	Brock & Casanova 1997 Casanova & Brock 2000
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	flood_regime_classification
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030811

Plant water-logging tolerance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030812
alternative label	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] that a plant [PO:0000003] is able to tolerate water-logged soils, an indication of a plant’s sensitivity [NCIT:C25201] to flood [ENVO:01000710] conditions. Soil [ENVO:00001998] is considered water-logged if it is saturated [NCIT:C61427] with water [CHEBI:15377], limiting the plant root’s [PO:0009005] ability to respire [GO:0045333] due to a lack of soil oxygen [CHEBI:15379]. Categorical groupings, indicating the length of time a taxon is able to tolerate water-logged soils.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_not_applicable Taxa is not typically confronted with waterlogging and its response is unknown. plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_less_than_1_month Taxa able to tolerate less than 1 month of waterlogging. plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_1-6_months Taxa able to tolerate 1-6 months of waterlogging. plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_greater_than_6_months Taxa able to tolerate more than 6 months of waterlogging. plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_aquatic Taxa truly aquatic and able to be permanently inundated.
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure plant structure	whole plant root
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity duration
keyword	environmental condition flood soil saturated soil water content inundation water survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	water_logging_tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030812

Plant inundation tolerance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030813
alternative label	plant_tolerance_inundation
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] that a plant [PO:0000003] is able to tolerate inundation [SWEET:phenSystem/Inundation], an indication of a plant’s sensitivity [NCIT:C25201] to flood [ENVO:01000710] conditions. Categorical groupings, indicating the length of time a taxon is able to tolerate being under water.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_inundation_not_applicable Taxa is not typically confronted with being inundated and its response is unknown. plant_tolerance_inundation_less_than_1_month Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for less than 1 month. plant_tolerance_inundation_1-6_months Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for 1-6 months. plant_tolerance_inundation_greater_than_6_months Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for more than 6 months. plant_tolerance_inundation_aquatic Taxa truly aquatic and able to be permanently inundated.
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity duration
keyword	environmental condition flood inundation water saturated survival
scope note
has exact match	submergence tolerance
has close match	submergence sensitivity
has related match
examples	close match: Ellenberg moisture value [TOP779] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Species tolerance to waterlogging [TRY:61] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	inundation_tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030813

Plant snow tolerance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030814
alternative label	plant_tolerance_snow
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which is the duration [PATO:0001309] that a plant [PO:0000003] is able to tolerate being covered by snow [ENVO:01000406]. Categorical groupings, indicating the length of time a taxon is able to tolerate being under snow cover.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_snow_not_applicable Taxa is virtually never confronted with snow in nature and the response is unknown. plant_tolerance_snow_intolerant Taxa is frost tender and known to be killed by any snow. plant_tolerance_snow_days Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for days (typically less than 1 week). plant_tolerance_snow_weeks Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for weeks (typically less than 1 month). plant_tolerance_snow_months Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for months.
has broader	environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity duration
keyword	environmental condition snow survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	close match: Frost tolerance [TOP768] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	snow_tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030814

Plant soil salinity tolerance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030815
alternative label	plant_tolerance_soil_salinity
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which is the maximum [NCIT:C25564] soil [ENVO:00001998] salinity [PATO:0085001], reported as soil conductivity [PATO:0001585], that a plant is able to tolerate. Maximum salinity tolerated by a taxon, reported as the conductivity of the soil.
comments
value type	continuous variable
unit	dS/m decisiemens per metre
minAllowedValue	0.1
maxAllowedValue	100
has broader	chemical stress sensitivity trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	conductivity tolerance sensitivity
keyword	environmental condition soil salinity salt resource availability salt tolerance survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	related match: Ellenberg salt value [TOP200] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Species tolerance to salt [TRY:1254] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	soil_salinity_tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030815

Plant salt tolerance strategy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030816
alternative label	plant_tolerance_salt
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which categorises plants based on their salinity [PATO:0085001] tolerance [TO:0006001], reflecting the duration [PATO:0001309] and concentration [PATO:0000033] of salt [CHEBI:24866] exposure that a plant is able to tolerate. Classification scheme of plant salt-tolerance categories, categorising taxa based on their tolerance of or sensitivity to salty soils, salt spray, or salt water.
comments	The trait soil_salinity_tolerance documents actual soil salinity levels taxa can tolerate. The trait plant_type_by_resource_use has some overlapping values, but focuses on terms to describe a plant’s overall resource tolerances/requirements, while this trait focuses on terms associated with salinity tolerances/requirements. The trait plant_tolerance_soil_salinity offers numeric soil salinity levels a taxon can tolerate.
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_salt_glycophyte Plants that cannot survive even one tenth the salt concentration found in seawater. plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte Plants that complete their life cycle in a salty environment; many survive in seawater or even higher concentrations of salt. plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte_moderate Plant that is moderately tolerant of soil salinity/sodicity. plant_tolerance_salt_hydrohalophyte Tidal swamp or ‘mangrove’ and coastal lagoon elements and temperate-zone salt-marsh taxa are classed together. plant_tolerance_salt_salt_spray_tolerant Plant that is tolerant of salt spray (typically inhabiting near-coastal environments). plant_tolerance_salt_salinity_tolerance_undefined Plant’s ability to tolerate salt is unknown. plant_tolerance_salt_xerohalophyte Plants adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats.
has broader	chemical stress sensitivity trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity duration
keyword	environmental condition soil salinity salt resource availability salt tolerance survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match	salt sensitivity
has related match
examples	related match: Ellenberg salt value [TOP200] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Species tolerance to salt [TRY:1254] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	salt_tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030816

Plant calcium sensitivity

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030817
alternative label	plant_tolerance_calcicole
description	An environmental [ENVO:01000203] tolerance [NCIT:C43414] trait which is a plant’s [PO:0000003] calcium sensitivity [TO:0000006], corresponding to its sensitivity [NCIT:C25201] to high soil [ENVO:00001998] pH [NCIT:C45997]. Classification scheme of plant soil calcium tolerance, corresponding to its sensitivity to high soil pH. Plants are categorised as either calcifuge (intolerant of basic soils) or calcicole (tolerant of basic soils, such as calcareous sands and limestone derived soils).
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcicole Plants are tolerant of basic soils, such as calcareous sands and limestone derived soils. plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcifuge Plants are intolerant of basic soils. (Synonyms, acidophilous)
has broader	chemical stress sensitivity trait environmental tolerance trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	resistance to tolerance sensitivity organismal quality
keyword	environmental condition calcium sensitivity soil pH growth media pH sensitivity resource availability
scope note
has exact match
has close match	calcium sensitivity
has related match	growth media pH sensitivity
examples	related match: Ellenberg reaction value [TOP781] (https://top-thesaurus.org/index) exact match: Species tolerance to CaCO3 [TRY:595] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	Cross & Lambers 2021 Tyler 2003
date created	14/07/2021
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed
reviewed by	no reviewers
change note	calcicole_status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030817

Plant fire tolerance strategy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/trait_0030818
alternative label	plant_tolerance_fire
description	A fire response trait indicating morphological [PATO_0000051] features that protect individuals [EFO:0000542] from death [GO_0016265] when a fire [ENVO:01000786] occurs nearby. Classification scheme of plant fire tolerance, indicating morphological characteristics plants use to survive fire.
comments
value type	categorical variable
has narrower	plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark, stems, or other tissues. plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant_bark Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark. plant_tolerance_fire_thick_bark Plants protected from fire by thick bark.
has broader	fire response trait plant structure morphology trait
plant structure	whole plant
measured characteristic	organismal quality tolerance sensitivity structure
keyword	fire survival
scope note
has exact match
has close match
has related match
examples	exact match: Species tolerance to fire [TRY:318] (https://www.try-db.org/de/de.php)
references	no linked references
date created	23/02/2023
date modified	05/02/2024
date reviewed	31/05/2023
reviewed by	Elizabeth Wenk Rachael Gallagher Russell Barrett Carl Gosper Rachael Nolan Tony Auld Tom Le Breton Matthew White Sophie Yang
change note
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	trait_0030818

4. Values for categorical traits

This section of the ontology expresses allowed categorical trait values for each trait concept. These terms are each defined and linked to a single trait concept to reduce ambiguity.

Plant spinescence

no_spines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_no_spines
description	No spines. (level 0)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_no_spines

low_density_soft_spines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_low_density_soft_spines
description	Low or very local density of soft spines <5mm long; plant may sting or prickle when hit carelessly but not impart strong pain. (level 1)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_low_density_soft_spines

high_density_soft_spines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_high_density_soft_spines
description	High density of soft spines, intermediate density of spines of intermediate hardness, or low density of hard, sharp spines >5mm long; plant causes actual pain when hit carelessly. (level 2)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_high_density_soft_spines

high_density_hard_spines_to_5mm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_5mm
description	Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >5mm long; plant causes strong pain when hit carelessly. (level 3)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_5mm

high_density_hard_spines_to_20mm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_20mm
description	Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >20mm long; plant may cause significant wounds when hit carelessly. (level 4)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_20mm

high_density_hard_spines_to_100mm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_100mm
description	Intermediate or high density of hard, sharp spines >100mm long; plant is dangerous to careless large mammals, including humans. (level 5)
has broader	Plant spinescence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_spinescence_high_density_hard_spines_to_100mm

Embryo colour

colourless

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/embryo_colour_colourless
description	Colourless embryo.
has broader	Embryo colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	embryo_colour_colourless

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/embryo_colour_green
description	Green embryo.
has broader	Embryo colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	embryo_colour_green

Cotyledon function

foliaceous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_function_foliaceous
description	Cotyledons are photosynthetic and function as leaves.
has broader	Cotyledon function
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_function_foliaceous

reserve

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_function_reserve
description	Cotyledons function as energy reserve organs.
has broader	Cotyledon function
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_function_reserve

Cotyledon position at germination

cryptocotylar

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_position_cryptocotylar
description	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain within the seed coat at germination.
has broader	Cotyledon position at germination
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_position_cryptocotylar

phanerocotylar

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_position_phanerocotylar
description	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat.
has broader	Cotyledon position at germination
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_position_phanerocotylar

Cotyledon hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_hairs_glabrous
description	Cotyledons lack hairs.
has broader	Cotyledon hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_hairs_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/cotyledon_hairs_hairy
description	Cotyledons have hairs.
has broader	Cotyledon hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	cotyledon_hairs_hairy

Hypocotyl hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_glabrous
description	Hypocotyl lacks hairs.
has broader	Hypocotyl hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_hairy
description	Hypocotyl has hairs.
has broader	Hypocotyl hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_hypocotyl_hairs_hairy

Seedling first true leaf type

scale-like

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_first_node_leaf_type_scale-like
description	The leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl is scale-like, also referred to as a cataphyll.
has broader	Seedling first true leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_first_node_leaf_type_scale-like

leaf-like

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_first_node_leaf_type_leaf-like
description	The leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl is leaf-like (broad).
has broader	Seedling first true leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_first_node_leaf_type_leaf-like

Seedling first node leaf count

single

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_first_node_leaf_count_single
description	There is a single leaf at the first stem node above the epicotyl.
has broader	Seedling first node leaf count
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_first_node_leaf_count_single

paired

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_first_node_leaf_count_paired
description	There is a pair of leaves at the first stem node above the epicotyl.
has broader	Seedling first node leaf count
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_first_node_leaf_count_paired

Seedling germination location

epigeal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_germination_location_epigeal
description	Germinant with one or more cotyledons emerging aboveground.
has broader	Seedling germination location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_germination_location_epigeal

hypogeal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_germination_location_hypogeal
description	Germinant with all cotyledons remaining belowground.
has broader	Seedling germination location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_germination_location_hypogeal

Leaf type

broadleaf

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_type_broadleaf
description	Flat leaf lamina, regardless of whether the leaves are or are not toothed, lobed, or compound.
has broader	Leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_type_broadleaf

needle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_type_needle
description	Needle or awl-shaped leaf that is generally 3-dimensional.
has broader	Leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_type_needle

scale

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_type_scale
description	Leaf reduced to a small scale.
has broader	Leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_type_scale

leafless

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_type_leafless
description	An adult stage plant that lacks leaves throughout the year.
has broader	Leaf type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_type_leafless

Leaf shape

linear

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_linear
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is very long and narrow, has parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_linear

narrowly_oblong

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_oblong
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is long and narrow, has parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. (Synonyms, lorate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_oblong

oblong

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_oblong
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is somewhat elongated with parallel sides and a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_oblong

linear_elliptical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_linear_elliptical
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is a very narrow oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_linear_elliptical

narrowly_elliptical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_elliptical
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is a narrow oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_elliptical

elliptical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_elliptical
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is an oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. (Synonyms, oval)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_elliptical

widely_elliptical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_widely_elliptical
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is a broad oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_widely_elliptical

orbicular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_orbicular
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately circular. (Synonyms, circular)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_orbicular

oblate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_oblate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is a broad oval, with curved margins, lacking a distinct point, and a length:width ratio of approximately 5:6. The petiole attaches along the broader side.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_oblate

narrowly_lanceolate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_lanceolate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is very narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_lanceolate

lanceolate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_lanceolate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_lanceolate

narrowly_ovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_ovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 3:1 and 2:1. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina. (Synonyms, lance_ovate, widely_lanceolate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_ovate

ovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_ovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_ovate

widely_ovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_widely_ovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly egg-shaped with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. The petiole attaches near the wide, curved portion of the leaf lamina.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_widely_ovate

narrowly_oblanceolate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_oblanceolate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is very narrowly teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 12:1 and 6:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. (Synonyms, linear_oblanceolate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_oblanceolate

oblanceolate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_oblanceolate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly teardrop-shaped, with a length:width ratio between 6:1 and 3:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_oblanceolate

narrowly_obovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_obovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly egg-shaped or teardrop-shaped with a length:width ratio between 3:1 and 2:1. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole. (Synonyms, oblance-obovate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_obovate

obovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_obovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped with a length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_obovate

widely_obovate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_widely_obovate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly egg-shaped with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5. The leaf lamina has curved outer margins and narrows nearly to a point where it attaches to the petiole.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_widely_obovate

narrowly_triangular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_triangular
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 6:1 to 3:1 and the petiole attaching near the widest portion of the leaf. (Synonyms, triangular)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_triangular

triangular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_triangular
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2 and the petiole attaching near the widest portion of the leaf.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_triangular

deltate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_deltate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio of 1:1 and the petiole attaching along one of the broad sides.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_deltate

obtriangular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_obtriangular
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is triangular to fan-shaped or wedge-shaped, with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2 and the petiole attaching near the narrowest portion of the leaf. (Synonyms, flabelliform, fan-shaped, wedge-shaped, cuneate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_obtriangular

narrowly_rhomboidal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_rhomboidal
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is like a narrow diamond, with approximately straight edges, widest near the middle, and a length:width ratio 6:1 to 3:1. The petiole attaches near one of the points.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_rhomboidal

rhomboidal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_rhomboidal
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately diamond or parallelogram-shaped, with approximately straight edges, widest near the middle, and a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2. The petiole attaches near one of the points. (Synonyms, rhombic, diamond)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_rhomboidal

trullate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_trullate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately parallelogram-shaped, widest near where the petiole attaches (base), and with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_trullate

narrowly_obtrullate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_narrowly_obtrullate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is narrowly parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio 3:1 to 6:1.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_narrowly_obtrullate

obtrullate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_obtrullate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is approximately parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio 2:1 to 3:2.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_obtrullate

widely_obtrullate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_widely_obtrullate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is broadly parallelogram-shaped, widest near the tip, and with a length:width ratio of approximately 6:5.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_widely_obtrullate

acicular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_acicular
description	A 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional shape with a needlelike tip, often round in cross-section, with margins straight and parallel, and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1. (Synonyms, needle-shaped)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_acicular

terete

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_terete
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is a long, narrow cylinder approximately circular in cross-section. Terete leaves often taper toward the tip. (Synonym, cylindrical)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_terete

cordate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_cordate
description	A 2-dimensional heart shape, approximately ovate with a cordate base, with the petiole attaching at the notch between the lobes. (Synonyms, cordiform)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_cordate

obcordate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_obcordate
description	A 2-dimensional heart shape, approximately ovate with a cordate apex, and the petiole attaching along the broad, curve side.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_obcordate

falcate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_falcate
description	A 2-dimensional sickle-shape, approximately lanceolate to linear and curved on one side. (Synonyms, scimitar-shaped, sickle-shaped, falciform, crescent-shaped)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_falcate

reniform

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_reniform
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is roughly kidney-shaped, wider than long with a rounded apex and two rounded, basal lobes that are smoothly concave at their intersection. (Synonyms, kidney-shaped)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_reniform

spathulate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_spathulate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that can be approximately oblong, obovate, or oblanceolate in outline with a long attenuate base, like a spoon. (Synonyms, spoon-shaped, clavate)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_spathulate

strap-shaped

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_strap-shaped
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is strap-shaped with a rounded tip and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_strap-shaped

ensiform

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_ensiform
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is sword-shaped with a pointed tip and a length:width ratio greater than 12:1. (Synonyms, sword-shaped)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_ensiform

subulate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_subulate
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is awl-shaped, approximately narrowly oblong to narrowly triangular with a broad base. (Synonyms, awl-shaped)
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_subulate

peltate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_peltate
description	A 2-dimensional orbicular shape, distinguished by the petiole attaching near the center of the leaf lamina.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_peltate

filiform

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_shape_filiform
description	A 2-dimensional shape that is long, thin, and typically flexuous, threadlike, filamentous.
has broader	Leaf shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_shape_filiform

Leaf base shape

acute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_acute
description	Two sides of the leaf meet at an angle that is less than 90<U+00B0>.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_acute

attenuate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_attenuate
description	Basal leaf margin abruptly incurved (concave), the two sides intersecting at an angle of less than 45<U+00B0>.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_attenuate

auriculate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_auriculate
description	Basal leaf margin with two rounded lobes. The leaf margin above the lobes is concave. The petiole attaches in the incised region between the lobes.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_auriculate

cordate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_cordate
description	Basal leaf margin with two rounded lobes and the petiole attaches in the incised region between the lobes. The leaf margin above the lobes is rounded.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_cordate

cuneate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_cuneate
description	Basal leaf margin approximately straight, the two sides intersecting at an angle between 45<U+00B0> to 90<U+00B0>.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_cuneate

hastate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_hastate
description	Basal leaf margin with two lobes oriented outward, such that they are at approximately 90<U+00B0> relative to the central axis and the leaf margin is fairly flat at the base.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_hastate

oblique

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_oblique
description	The leaf base is asymmetrical, with the midrib not lying in the middle of the leaf where it attaches to the petiole.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_oblique

obtuse

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_obtuse
description	Two sides of the leaf meet at an angle that is greater than 90<U+00B0>.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_obtuse

rounded

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_rounded
description	Basal leaf margin is rounded.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_rounded

sagittate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_sagittate
description	Basal leaf margin with two lobes oriented downward, away from apex. The petiole attaches in the concave region between the lobes.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_sagittate

sheathing

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_sheathing
description	The leaf base is broad and envelops the stem.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_sheathing

truncate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_base_shape_truncate
description	The basal leaf margin is cut straight across with the two sides intersecting at approximately 180<U+00B0>.
has broader	Leaf base shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_base_shape_truncate

Leaf margin

entire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_entire
description	Leaf margin lacks projections or indentations that extend less than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf margin
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_entire

toothed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_toothed
description	Leaf margin has small projections or lobes along the edge of the leaf lamina. This is a broad term that includes serrate, dentate, and crenulate.
has broader	Leaf margin
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_toothed

toothed_serrate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_toothed_serrate
description	Type of toothed leaf margin with sharp teeth that are angled toward the tip of the leaf. (Synonyms, saw-toothed)
has broader	Leaf margin
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_toothed_serrate

toothed_dentate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_toothed_dentate
description	Type of toothed leaf margin with sharp teeth that point outwards at right angles to the leaf margin.
has broader	Leaf margin
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_toothed_dentate

toothed_crenate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_toothed_crenate
description	Type of toothed leaf margin with teeth that are rounded or obtuse, rather than having a sharp apex. [PO:0025519]
has broader	Leaf margin
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_toothed_crenate

Leaf margin posture

involute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_posture_involute
description	Leaf margins along the side of the leaf are rolled upward, such that the margin of the adaxial (upper) leaf surface is rolled inward. (Synonym, inrolled, incurved)
has broader	Leaf margin posture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_posture_involute

revolute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_posture_revolute
description	Leaf margins along the side of the leaf are rolled under or downward, such that the margin of the abaxial (lower) leaf surface is rolled inward. [PATO:0001963] (Synonym, recurved)
has broader	Leaf margin posture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_posture_revolute

flat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_posture_flat
description	Leaf lamina, including margins, is a 2-dimensional plane. [PATO:0000407]
has broader	Leaf margin posture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_posture_flat

undulate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_margin_posture_undulate
description	Leaf margins are wavy in their 2-dimensional plane. (Synonyms, wavy, rippled, sinuate)
has broader	Leaf margin posture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_margin_posture_undulate

Leaf lobation

unlobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lobation_unlobed
description	Leaf margin lacks projections or indentations that extend more than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf lobation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lobation_unlobed

lobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lobation_lobed
description	Leaf margin has incisions, either rounded or sharp-tipped, that extend more than 1/8 of the distance to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf lobation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lobation_lobed

lobed_deep

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lobation_lobed_deep
description	Leaf margin with lobes that extend more than halfway to the midrib. (Synonyms, parted, divided)
has broader	Leaf lobation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lobation_lobed_deep

lobed_shallow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lobation_lobed_shallow
description	Leaf margin with lobes that extend less than halfway to the midrib. (Synonyms, cleft, sinuate)
has broader	Leaf lobation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lobation_lobed_shallow

Leaf compoundness

simple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_compoundness_simple
description	A leaf with a single undivided blade. [PO:0020042]
has broader	Leaf compoundness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_compoundness_simple

compound

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_compoundness_compound
description	A leaf that is divided into multiple leaflets. [PO:0020043]
has broader	Leaf compoundness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_compoundness_compound

Leaf divisions

pinnately_lobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_lobed
description	Leaf with divisions that are symmetrical across a central axis, usually the midvein.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_lobed

palmately_lobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_palmately_lobed
description	Leaf with divisions that radiate from a single point, usually the basal junction of major veins.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_palmately_lobed

pinnatifid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_pinnatifid
description	Leaf with lobes that extend less than half-way to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_pinnatifid

bipinnatifid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatifid
description	Leaf that is twice pinnatifid, with two series of lobes that extend less than half-way to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatifid

pinnatipartite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_pinnatipartite
description	Leaf with lobes that extend more than half-way to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_pinnatipartite

pinnatisect

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_pinnatisect
description	Leaf with lobes that extend nearly to the midrib but the divisions are not separated into distinct leaflets.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_pinnatisect

bipinnatipartite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatipartite
description	Leaf that is twice pinnatipartite, with two series of lobes that extend more than half-way to the midrib.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatipartite

bipinnatisect

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatisect
description	Leaf that is twice pinnatisect, with two series of lobes that extend nearly to the midrib but the divisions are not separated into distinct leaflets.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_bipinnatisect

trichotomously_lobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_trichotomously_lobed
description	Leaf divided repeatedly into three lobes.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_trichotomously_lobed

dichotomously_lobed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_dichotomously_lobed
description	Leaf divided repeatedly into two lobes.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_dichotomously_lobed

bipartite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_bipartite
description	Leaf divided into two lobes.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_bipartite

tripartite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_tripartite
description	Leaf divided into three lobes.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_tripartite

pinnately_compound

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_compound
description	Leaf divided into leaflets that attach along a central axis. [PATO_0000410]
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_pinnately_compound

palmately_compound

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_palmately_compound
description	Leaf divided into leaflets that attach to a central point. (Synonyms, digitate)
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_palmately_compound

bipinnate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_bipinnate
description	Leaf that is twice pinnate, having pinnate leaflets that are themselves pinnately divided.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_bipinnate

tripinnate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_tripinnate
description	Leaf that is three times pinnate, with pinnate leaflets that are twice more pinnately divided.
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_tripinnate

trifoliate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_division_trifoliate
description	Leaf divided into three leaflets. (Synonyms, ternate, trifoliolate)
has broader	Leaf divisions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_division_trifoliate

Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape

concave

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_concave
description	A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is curved upward along the central axis, such that the upper leaf lamina surface is concave.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_concave

conduplicate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_conduplicate
description	A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is folded upward along the central axis. (Synonym, folded)
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_conduplicate

convex

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_convex
description	A longitudinal posture term indicating the leaf lamina is curved downward along the central axis, such that the lower leaf lamina surface is concave. (Synonym, concavoconvex, planoconvex)
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_convex

convolute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_convolute
description	Leaf lamina is contorted. (Synonym, twisted)
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_convolute

flat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_flat
description	The leaf lamina is a 2-dimensional plane.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_flat

incurved

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_incurved
description	Leaf tip is curved upward.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_incurved

involute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_involute
description	A longitudinal posture term indicating the outer portions of the leaf lamina are rolled inward or upward.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_involute

plicate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_plicate
description	Leaf margin is pleated, with a series of longitudinal folds.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_plicate

recurved

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_recurved
description	Leaf tip is curved outward or downward. [PATO:0002211]
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_recurved

revolute

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_revolute
description	A longitudinal posture term indicating the outer portions of the leaf lamina are rolled outward or downward.
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_revolute

undulate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_lamina_posture_undulate
description	The leaf lamina surface is rippled or wavy in its 2-dimensional plane. [PATO:0000967] (Synonyms, wavy, rippled, sinuate)
has broader	Leaf lamina posture (leaf 3-dimensional shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_lamina_posture_undulate

Leaf glaucousness

glaucous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_glaucousness_glaucous
description	Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants have a waxy coating, giving them a glaucous appearance. (Synonyms, waxy bloom, pruinose)
has broader	Leaf glaucousness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_glaucousness_glaucous

not_glaucous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_glaucousness_not_glaucous
description	Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants do not have a glaucous appearance.
has broader	Leaf glaucousness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_glaucousness_not_glaucous

Mature leaf hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_glabrous
description	Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants do not have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Mature leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_hairy
description	Mature (fully expanded) leaves on adult plants have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Mature leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_adult_leaves_hairy

Juvenile phase leaf hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_glabrous
description	Juvenile phase leaves do not have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Juvenile phase leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_hairy
description	Juvenile phase leaves have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Juvenile phase leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_juvenile_leaves_hairy

Immature leaf hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_glabrous
description	Immature (still expanding) leaves do not have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Immature leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_hairy
description	Immature (still expanding) leaves have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Immature leaf hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_hairs_immature_leaves_hairy

Leaf surface colour

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_green

grey_green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_grey_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is grey-green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_grey_green

dark_green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_dark_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is dark green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_dark_green

pale_green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_pale_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is pale green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_pale_green

pale_grey_green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_pale_grey_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is pale grey-green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_pale_grey_green

dark_grey_green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_dark_grey_green
description	Leaf lamina surface is dark grey-green.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_dark_grey_green

red

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_red
description	Leaf lamina surface is red.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_red

purple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_colour_purple
description	Leaf lamina surface is purple.
has broader	Leaf surface colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_colour_purple

Leaf surface reflectivity

dull

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_reflectivity_dull
description	Leaf surface appears dull, indicating it has a low reflectivity.
has broader	Leaf surface reflectivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_reflectivity_dull

shiny

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_surface_reflectivity_shiny
description	Leaf surface appears shiny or glossy, indicating it has a high reflectivity. (Synonyms, glossy, lustrous, polished)
has broader	Leaf surface reflectivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_surface_reflectivity_shiny

Leaf phyllotaxis

alternate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phyllotaxis_alternate
description	A single leaf is attached at each stem node.
has broader	Leaf phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phyllotaxis_alternate

opposite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phyllotaxis_opposite
description	A pair of leaves are attached opposite to one another at each stem node.
has broader	Leaf phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phyllotaxis_opposite

whorled

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phyllotaxis_whorled
description	Three or more leaves are attached at each stem node, arranged in a symmetrical pattern around the stem. (Synonyms, verticillate)
has broader	Leaf phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phyllotaxis_whorled

Leaf arrangement

decussate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_decussate
description	When sequential pairs of opposite leaves attach at right angles to the pair above or below.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_decussate

distichous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_distichous
description	When alternate or opposite leaves are arranged in two opposite rows.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_distichous

scattered

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_scattered
description	When leaves are attached along the entire length of stem.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_scattered

spiral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_spiral
description	When alternate leaves are attached in a progressive spiral pattern along the stem.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_spiral

fasciculate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_fasciculate
description	A tight bundle or cluster of leaves attaches to the stem in a single location, generally due to the shortening of internodes. (Synonym, tufted)
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_fasciculate

clustered

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_clustered
description	When leaves are in any type of cluster, where the type of cluster is not further specified. The leaves may be clustered toward the base of the plant (a rosette), toward the top of the plant, toward the end of branches, or in distinct tuft (fascicles), but more information is not provided.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_clustered

clustered_basal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_clustered_basal
description	When leaves are clustered or crowded to the base of the stem, arranged in a rosette or other basal clustering. (Synonym, rosette)
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_clustered_basal

crowded

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_crowded
description	When internode length varies considerably along a stem, such that leaves appear crowded or tufted. (Synonym, congested)
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_crowded

rosette

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_rosette
description	When leaves radiate from a central point at or near ground level.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_rosette

imbricate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_arrangement_imbricate
description	When leaves lay tightly against the stem and are overlapping.
has broader	Leaf arrangement
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_arrangement_imbricate

Leaf pendulousness

pendulous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_pendulousness_pendulous
description	Leaves are pendulous.
has broader	Leaf pendulousness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_pendulousness_pendulous

not_pendulous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_pendulousness_not_pendulous
description	Leaves are not pendulous.
has broader	Leaf pendulousness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_pendulousness_not_pendulous

Stomatal distribution

amphistomatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic
description	Leaves with stomata on both leaf surfaces.
has broader	Stomatal distribution
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic

amphistomatic_uneven

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic_uneven
description	Leaves with stomata on both leaf surfaces but more stomata on the lower leaf surface.
has broader	Stomatal distribution
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_distribution_amphistomatic_uneven

epistomatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_distribution_epistomatic
description	Leaves that only have stomata on the upper (adaxial) leaf surface.
has broader	Stomatal distribution
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_distribution_epistomatic

hypostomatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_distribution_hypostomatic
description	Leaves that only have stomata on the lower (abaxial) leaf surface.
has broader	Stomatal distribution
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_distribution_hypostomatic

Stomatal hairiness

stomata_covered_with_dense_hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_covered_with_dense_hairs
description	Stomata densely covered by hairs.
has broader	Stomatal hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_covered_with_dense_hairs

stomata_not_covered_by_hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_not_covered_by_hairs
description	Stomata not hair-covered.
has broader	Stomatal hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_stomatal_hairs_stomata_not_covered_by_hairs

Stem hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_hairs_glabrous
description	Adult plant stems do not have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Stem hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_hairs_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_hairs_hairy
description	Adult plant stems have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Stem hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_hairs_hairy

Bark morphology, Eucalyptus

eucalypt_box

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_box
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Box’ type bark.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_box

eucalypt_gum

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_gum
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_gum

eucalypt_stocking

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stocking
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark above a rough barked stocking.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stocking

eucalypt_ironbark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ironbark
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Ironbark’ type bark.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ironbark

eucalypt_peppermint

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_peppermint
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Peppermint’ type bark.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_peppermint

eucalypt_stringybark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stringybark
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Stringy’ type bark.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_stringybark

eucalypt_ribbonbark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ribbonbark
description	Eucalyptus, Corymbia or Angophora taxa with ‘Gum’ type bark that sheds in ribbons.
has broader	Bark morphology, Eucalyptus
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_morphology_eucalyptus_eucalypt_ribbonbark

Root system morphology

type_i

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_i
description	The primary root is fibrous or fleshy and is relatively long; mesophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_i

type_ii

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_ii
description	The primary root is relatively short and is fibrous. Roots are well branched in a dry habitat but branch little in one that is wet.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_ii

type_iii

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_iii
description	The primary root is usually long and fibrous. The first order lateral roots are well branched and are usually short; they are rather evenly distributed along the primary root; xerophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_iii

type_iv

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_iv
description	The primary root is usually long and slender like that of Type II. The first order lateral roots are well branched. Those closest to the surface of the ground, or not far below, are relatively long; xerophytic and mesophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_iv

type_v

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_v
description	The primary root is divided-forked or branched-and fibrous, and with few first order lateral roots, or, in age, apparently with none; xerophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_v

type_vi

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_vi
description	The primary root is usually as in Type V. The first order lateral roots are mostly on the upper portion of the primary root and are thus relatively superficial; xerophytic or in well aerated sandy soil where the rainfall is not light.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_vi

type_vii

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_vii
description	Adventitious roots that are in one group and arise on a short horizontal, or vertical, axis of the shoot. They are fibrous or fleshly; mesophytic and hydrophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_vii

type_viii

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_viii
description	Adventitious roots that are in one group and are fibrous and fleshy, or fibrous and thick. The fibrous adventitious roots are absorbing-anchoring roots and are usually with laterals to the second order; meophytic.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_viii

type_ix

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_classification_type_ix
description	Adventitious roots that arise on the aerial stem and branches of some herbaceous taxa, shrubs, and trees; on creepers, vines, and runners; and on subterranean rhizomes and stolons.
has broader	Root system morphology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_classification_type_ix

Root system type (presence of taproot

tap_root_absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_type_tap_root_absent
description	Tap root not present.
has broader	Root system type (presence of taproot
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_type_tap_root_absent

tap_root_present

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_type_tap_root_present
description	Tap root present.
has broader	Root system type (presence of taproot
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_type_tap_root_present

tap_root_sometimes_present

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_system_type_tap_root_sometimes_present
description	Tap root sometimes present.
has broader	Root system type (presence of taproot
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_system_type_tap_root_sometimes_present

Root vascular anatomy

cord_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_vascular_anatomy_cord_roots
description	A root anatomy found within three genera of Mirbelieae (Daviesia, Euchilopsis, Phyllota) wherein networks of interlinking vascular strands exist (Crisp 2003; Pate and Dixon 1996).
has broader	Root vascular anatomy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_vascular_anatomy_cord_roots

unistelar_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_vascular_anatomy_unistelar_roots
description	The commonly observed root anatomy, wherein there is a single vascular strand which displays secondary thickening.
has broader	Root vascular anatomy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_vascular_anatomy_unistelar_roots

Androecium structural phyllotaxis

whorled

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_whorled
description	Stamens and staminodes arranged in whorls.
has broader	Androecium structural phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_whorled

spiral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_spiral
description	Stamens and staminodes have a spiral arrangement.
has broader	Androecium structural phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_spiral

irregular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_irregular
description	Stamens and staminodes have an irregular arrangement.
has broader	Androecium structural phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_androecium_structural_phyllotaxis_irregular

Anther attachment

basifixed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_attachment_basifixed
description	Filament attached to the base of the connective. Laminar stamens are classified as basifixed.
has broader	Anther attachment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_attachment_basifixed

dorsifixed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed
description	Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther.
has broader	Anther attachment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed

dorsifixed_at_base

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed_at_base
description	Filament attached to the dorsal side of the anther, at the base.
has broader	Anther attachment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_attachment_dorsifixed_at_base

ventrifixed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_attachment_ventrifixed
description	Filament attached to the ventral side of the anther.
has broader	Anther attachment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_attachment_ventrifixed

Connective extension (apical

absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_connective_extension_absent
description	Apical connective extensions are lacking.
has broader	Connective extension (apical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_connective_extension_absent

short_extension

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_connective_extension_short_extension
description	Connective extension less than a third of the length of anther.
has broader	Connective extension (apical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_connective_extension_short_extension

long_extension

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_connective_extension_long_extension
description	Connective extension more than a third but less than length of anther; e.g. Idiospermum australiense.
has broader	Connective extension (apical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_connective_extension_long_extension

very_long_extension

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_connective_extension_very_long_extension
description	Connective extension more than length of anther; e.g. Galbulimima belgraveana.
has broader	Connective extension (apical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_connective_extension_very_long_extension

present_general

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_connective_extension_present_general
description	Apical connective extensions are present but no information on their length relative to the anthers.
has broader	Connective extension (apical
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_connective_extension_present_general

Anther dehiscence

longitudinal_slit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_longitudinal_slit
description	Anther with longitudinal slits that extend along the entire length of each theca.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_longitudinal_slit

poricidal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_poricidal
description	Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete, with pollen exiting via a small pore at the tip.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_poricidal

pores_many

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_pores_many
description	Anther with pollen exiting from many pores along its length.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_pores_many

h_valvate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_h_valvate
description	Anther with two valves on longitudinal hinges, opening horizontally as salon doors; when the stomium bifurcates at its distal and/or proximal end and thus a valve is formed.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_h_valvate

flap_valvate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_flap_valvate
description	Anther with one or more flap-like valves on horizontal hinges, opening vertically.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_flap_valvate

transverse_slit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_transverse_slit
description	Anther with horizontal slit.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_transverse_slit

short_basal_slits

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_short_basal_slits
description	Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the base of the theca.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_short_basal_slits

short_central_slits

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_short_central_slits
description	Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the center of the theca.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_short_central_slits

short_apical_slits

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_short_apical_slits
description	Anther where dehiscence of longitudinal slits is incomplete and only occurs over a short extent at the apical end of the theca.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_short_apical_slits

t_valvate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_t_valvate
description	Anther with T-shaped stomium; reduced transverse slit at base.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_t_valvate

common_stomium_confluent_thecae

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_common_stomium_confluent_thecae
description	The two thecae of a single anther are fused at one end with a single pore through which pollen exits.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_common_stomium_confluent_thecae

circular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_dehiscence_circular
description	Anther with a transverse slit that goes entirely around the anther.
has broader	Anther dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_dehiscence_circular

Anther orientation

apical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_orientation_apical
description	When thecae are positioned in a transverse position at the tip of the connective and thus dehisce upward in the flower (e.g., Sinofranchetia, Endress and Hufford, 1989).
has broader	Anther orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_orientation_apical

extrorse

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_orientation_extrorse
description	When the stomia of the thecae face the floral periphery.
has broader	Anther orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_orientation_extrorse

introrse

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_orientation_introrse
description	When the stomia of the thecae face the floral centre.
has broader	Anther orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_orientation_introrse

latrorse

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_anther_orientation_latrorse
description	When pollen is released toward the side (i.e., toward neighbouring anthers).
has broader	Anther orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_anther_orientation_latrorse

Flower colour

blue_purple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_blue_purple
description	Flower colour is blue or purple.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_blue_purple

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_green
description	Flower colour is green.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_green

pink

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_pink
description	Flower colour is pink.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_pink

red_brown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_red_brown
description	Flower colour is red or brown.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_red_brown

white_cream

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_white_cream
description	Flower colour is white or cream.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_white_cream

yellow_orange

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_yellow_orange
description	Flower colour is yellow or orange.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_yellow_orange

grey

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_grey
description	Flower colour is grey.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_grey

black

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_colour_black
description	Flower colour is black.
has broader	Flower colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_colour_black

Perianth colour

white

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_white
description	Perianth colour is white.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_white

yellow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_yellow
description	Perianth colour is yellow.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_yellow

orange

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_orange
description	Perianth colour is orange.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_orange

red

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_red
description	Perianth colour is red.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_red

pink

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_pink
description	Perianth colour is pink.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_pink

purple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_purple
description	Perianth colour is purple.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_purple

blue

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_blue
description	Perianth colour is blue.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_blue

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_green
description	Perianth colour is green.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_green

grey

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_grey
description	Perianth colour is grey.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_grey

brown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_brown
description	Perianth colour is brown.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_brown

black

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/perianth_colour_black
description	Perianth colour is black.
has broader	Perianth colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	perianth_colour_black

Floral orientation

up

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_orientation_up
description	Flower orientation is vertical, with the floral entrance pointing up.
has broader	Floral orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_orientation_up

lateral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_orientation_lateral
description	Flower orientation is horizontal, with the floral entrance perpendicular to main vertical axis.
has broader	Floral orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_orientation_lateral

down

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_orientation_down
description	Flower orientation is pendant, with the floral entrance pointing down.
has broader	Floral orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_orientation_down

mixed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_orientation_mixed
description	Flower orientation is mixed, with different flowers exhibiting different orientations.
has broader	Floral orientation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_orientation_mixed

Filament presence and shape

absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_absent
description	No filaments present
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_absent

present_general

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_present_general
description	Filaments present, with no specific defining characteristics.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_present_general

long_and_narrow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_long_and_narrow
description	Filaments have a long and narrow shape. (Synonyms, filiform, slender)
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_long_and_narrow

short_and_narrow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_short_and_narrow
description	Filaments have a short and narrow shape; subsessile anthers.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_short_and_narrow

long_and_wide

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_long_and_wide
description	Filaments have a long and wide laminar shape.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_long_and_wide

short_and_wide

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_short_and_wide
description	Filaments have a short and wide laminar shape.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_short_and_wide

long_and_very_wide

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_long_and_very_wide
description	Filaments have a long and very wide shape; for instance, the petal-like (outer) stamens of Nymphaea.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_long_and_very_wide

petaloid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_petaloid
description	Filaments are long and wide and colorful, e.g. Canna.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_petaloid

fused_into_synandrium

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_fused_into_synandrium
description	Filament structure formed when stamens fused together.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_fused_into_synandrium

fused_into_fascicle_stalks

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_fused_into_fascicle_stalks
description	Special case where the stamens are fused into the stalk of a fascicle of flowers.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_fused_into_fascicle_stalks

long_and_narrow_divided_in_two

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_long_and_narrow_divided_in_two
description	Filaments have a long and narrow shape that is divided in two; e.g. Adoxa.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_long_and_narrow_divided_in_two

short_general

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_filament_short_general
description	Filament is short relative to the anther.
has broader	Filament presence and shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_filament_short_general

Gynoecium phyllotaxis

one_whorl

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_one_whorl
description	Flowers with a single whorl of carpels.
has broader	Gynoecium phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_one_whorl

two_or_more_whorls

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_two_or_more_whorls
description	Flowers with two or more whorls of carpels.
has broader	Gynoecium phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_two_or_more_whorls

spiral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_spiral
description	Flowers with carpels in a spiral arrangement.
has broader	Gynoecium phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_phyllotaxis_spiral

Placentation

axile

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_axile
description	Ovules are placed in the angle between carpel flanks in the center of the ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_axile

apical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_apical
description	Ovules attach at the top of the ovary; pendulous; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_apical

basal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_basal
description	Ovules attach at the base of the ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_basal

parietal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_parietal
description	Ovules attach to the ovary wall where two carpels meet; in syncarpous gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_parietal

marginal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_marginal
description	Ovules attach along the ventral slit; in apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_marginal

free_central

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_free_central
description	Ovules are attached to a central column that emerges from the base of the ovary and protrudes into the non-septate ovary; in syncarpous gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_free_central

laminar

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_gynoecium_placentation_laminar
description	When there is more than one series of ovules at the flanks of a carpel; in syncarpous gynoecia and apocarpous and unicarpellate gynoecia.
has broader	Placentation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_gynoecium_placentation_laminar

Ovary position

inferior

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_ovary_position_inferior
description	Flower with inferior ovary, where the ovary is embedded in the receptacle and therefore located below the insertion level of the remaining floral organs.
has broader	Ovary position
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_ovary_position_inferior

superior

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_ovary_position_superior
description	Flower with superior ovary, where the ovary is positioned above the insertion level of the remaining floral organs.
has broader	Ovary position
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_ovary_position_superior

half_inferior

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_ovary_position_half_inferior
description	Flower where the receptacle is surrounded by the ovary to its mid-level.
has broader	Ovary position
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_ovary_position_half_inferior

one_quarter_inferior

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_ovary_position_one_quarter_inferior
description	Flower where the receptacle surrounds up to one quarter of the ovary.
has broader	Ovary position
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_ovary_position_one_quarter_inferior

three_quarters_inferior

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_ovary_position_three_quarters_inferior
description	Flower where the receptacle surrounds more than three quarters of the ovary.
has broader	Ovary position
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_ovary_position_three_quarters_inferior

Perianth differentiation

undifferentiated

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_undifferentiated
description	Flower were all tepals are alike, including flowers with a single, undifferentiated whorl.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_undifferentiated

marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid
description	A typical flower with a distinct calyx and corolla.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid

marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals
description	A flower with tepals that all resemble petals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals

marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals
description	A flower with tepals that all resemble sepals, but with marked differentiation between whorls of tepals.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals

marked_differentiation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation
description	A flower with marked differentiation between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_marked_differentiation

continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid
description	A flower with multiple whorls, where there is continuous differentiation between the outer sepaloid parts and the inner petaloid parts.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_outer_sepaloid_inner_petaloid

continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals
description	A flower with series of tepals that all resemble petals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_petaloid_tepals

continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals
description	A flower with series of tepals that all resemble sepals, which display continuous, gradual differentiation between whorls.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_continuous_differentiation_among_sepaloid_tepals

weak_differentiation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_weak_differentiation
description	A flower with weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_weak_differentiation

very_weak_differentiation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_differentiation_very_weak_differentiation
description	A flower with very weak between whorls, but without an indication if the perianth whorls are petals, sepals, or tepals.
has broader	Perianth differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_differentiation_very_weak_differentiation

Perianth phyllotaxis

irregular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_irregular
description	Perianth parts lacking any symmetrical organisation.
has broader	Perianth phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_irregular

spiral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_spiral
description	Perianth parts organised along a continuous spiral, usually with wide divergence angles more or less equal to 137.5 degrees, the Fibonacci ‘golden angle’.
has broader	Perianth phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_spiral

whorled

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_whorled
description	Perianth parts organised in one or more whorls.
has broader	Perianth phyllotaxis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_phyllotaxis_whorled

Symmetry of perianth

actinomorphic_general

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_general
description	Perianth displaying radial symmetry.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_general

actinomorphic_rotational

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_rotational
description	Perianth that can be equally divided into three or more identical sections that, when rotated around the center of the flower by some number of degrees, exactly match each other in orientation and shape.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_rotational

actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric
description	Polysymmetry, with three or more planes of bilateral symmetry.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_strictly_polysymmetric

actinomorphic_spiral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_spiral
description	Perianth lacking a distinct plane of symmetry because their perianth parts are spirally arranged.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_actinomorphic_spiral

asymmetric

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_asymmetric
description	Perianth lacking any planes of symmetry.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_asymmetric

disymmetric

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_disymmetric
description	Perianth with two orthogonal planes of bilateral symmetry.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_disymmetric

zygomorphic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_perianth_symmetry_zygomorphic
description	Monosymmetric, with a single plane of bilateral symmetry.
has broader	Symmetry of perianth
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_perianth_symmetry_zygomorphic

Pollen grain aperture shape

absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_absent
description	Pollen that lacks an aperture.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_absent

colporus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colporus
description	Pollen aperture shape that combines the groove of colpate and the pore of porate apertures.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colporus

colpus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colpus
description	Pollen aperture shape is elongate and grooved and may be positioned globally or equatorially.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_colpus

pore

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_pore
description	Pollen aperture shape is round and pore-like and may be positioned globally or equatorially.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_pore

ring_like

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ring_like
description	Aperture that completely encircles the pollen.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ring_like

spiraperturate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_spiraperturate
description	Pollen grain with one or more spiral apertures.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_spiraperturate

sulcus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_sulcus
description	Pollen aperture shape is elongate and grooved and positioned at the pole.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_sulcus

syncolpus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_syncolpus
description	Pollen grain with two or more simple (or compound) colpi, the ends of which join at the pole.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_syncolpus

ulcus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ulcus
description	Pollen aperture shape is round and pore-like and positioned at the pole.
has broader	Pollen grain aperture shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_pollen_aperture_shape_ulcus

Floral structural sex

bisexual

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_structural_sex_type_bisexual
description	Hermaphrodite; flowers with both male and female reproductive organs.
has broader	Floral structural sex
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_structural_sex_type_bisexual

incompletely_unisexual

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_structural_sex_type_incompletely_unisexual
description	Male flowers with pistillodes and/or female flowers with staminodes.
has broader	Floral structural sex
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_structural_sex_type_incompletely_unisexual

unisexual

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_structural_sex_type_unisexual
description	Flowers with either male or female reproductive organs.
has broader	Floral structural sex
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_structural_sex_type_unisexual

Style differentiation

absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_absent
description	Stigma sessile.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_absent

present_length_and_shape_unknown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_length_and_shape_unknown
description	Style present but shape unknown.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_length_and_shape_unknown

present_short_and_thick

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_thick
description	Style present, and short and thick.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_thick

present_short_and_narrow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_narrow
description	Style present, and short and narrow, including short filiform styles.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_short_and_narrow

present_long_and_wide

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_wide
description	Style present, and long and wide.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_wide

present_long_and_narrow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_narrow
description	Style present, and long and narrow, including long filiform styles.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_long_and_narrow

present_petaloid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_present_petaloid
description	Style present and petaloid.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_present_petaloid

continuous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flower_style_differentiation_continuous
description	When the style is an apical extension of carpel with decurrent stigma.
has broader	Style differentiation
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flower_style_differentiation_continuous

Fruit type

achene

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_achene
description	A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed that is attached to the pericarp at one point only. (Synonyms, cypsela)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_achene

anthocarp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_anthocarp
description	A ripened ovary surrounded by attached accessory floral tissues; the floral tissues may be fleshy or dry. (Synonyms, accessory_fruit, pseudocarp, diclesium)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_anthocarp

berry

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_berry
description	A simple, indehiscent fruit with one to many seeds embedded in a fleshy pericarp.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_berry

capsule

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_capsule
description	A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of two or more united carpels; different types of capsules distinguished by type of dehiscence (e.g. valves, slits, pores).
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_capsule

caryopsis

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_caryopsis
description	A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed which is fused to the pericarp at one point only; the fruit type of all Poaceae (Synonyms, grain)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_caryopsis

compound_fruit_other

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_compound_fruit_other
description	A fruit derived from more than one flower. (Synonyms, aggregate_fruit)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_compound_fruit_other

drupe

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_drupe
description	A simple indehiscent fruit with a hard, stony endocarp and a fleshy mesocarp.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_drupe

follicle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_follicle
description	A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that splits along one suture.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_follicle

legume

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_legume
description	A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel that splits along two sutures; applies to Fabaceae. (Synonyms, pod)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_legume

legume_indehiscent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_legume_indehiscent
description	A dry, indehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel; applies to Fabaceae.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_legume_indehiscent

mericarp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_mericarp
description	A fruitlet (seed-containing portion of a fruit) that is a half-carpel; the individual fruitlets separate from one another at maturity; a specific type of schizocarp. (In some datasets, term likely refers to any fruitlet derived from a portion of a schizocarp that separates at maturity, not explicitly just a half-carpel.)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_mericarp

multiple_fruit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_multiple_fruit
description	A fruit composed of several fruitlets developing from a single flower (e.g. raspberries, magnolias); fruits developing from more than one flower are included under compound (aggregate) fruits. (Synonym, apocarp)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_multiple_fruit

nut

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_nut
description	A simple, dry, indehiscent fruit with a single seed and a hard pericarp.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_nut

nutlet

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_nutlet
description	A diminutive of nut, referring to a simple, dry, indehiscent structure with a single seed that might be an entire fruit (nut; monocarp) or a portion of a fruit, such as the individual components derived from an apocarp (fruit with multiple unfused ovaries) or schizocarp (fruit with multiple ovaries that separate at maturity).
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_nutlet

pepo

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_pepo
description	A fleshy fruit derived from a single ovary that is divided into several carpels, has multiple seeds, and has a tough rind when mature.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_pepo

pome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_pome
description	A fleshy fruit with the bulk of the fleshy tissue derived from flora tissue that surrounds the inferior ovary.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_pome

pyrene

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_pyrene
description	A fleshy fruit in which the seed(s) are covered by a hard layer of endocarp.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_pyrene

samara

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_samara
description	A winged, dry fruit.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_samara

schizocarp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_schizocarp
description	Category that includes all fruits derived from a compound pistil that separate into individual carpellary constituents at maturity; broad terms that includes dry and fleshy fruits, some with accessory tissues, others without. The individual seed-containing units that a schizocarp breaks apart into include mericarps, nutlets, and fruitlets.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_schizocarp

silique

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_silique
description	A type of capsule (dry, dehiscent fruit) where the fruit is divided into two parts by a thin partition; more than three times as long as wide; applies to Brassicaceae (Synonyms, silicle, siliqua)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_silique

strobilus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_strobilus
description	A modified reproductive shoot system found in many nonflowering plants, especially gymnosperms, comprised of overlapping bracts (scales). (Synonyms, cone)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_strobilus

syncarp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_syncarp
description	A compound fruit produced by the adhesion of the fruits from several flowers.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_syncarp

syconium

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_syconium
description	A fleshy compound fruit, in which the fruitlets are enclosed in accessory material, such as the hollow-centered fruits of Moraceae. (Synonyms, synconium, fig)
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_syconium

utricle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_type_utricle
description	A bladdery or inflated dry fruit with a single seed; essential an achene in which the pericarp is significantly larger than the mature seed.
has broader	Fruit type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_type_utricle

Fruit fleshiness

dry

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_fleshiness_dry
description	Fruits are dry when mature and fresh.
has broader	Fruit fleshiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_fleshiness_dry

fleshy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_fleshiness_fleshy
description	Fruits are fleshy when mature and fresh.
has broader	Fruit fleshiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_fleshiness_fleshy

Fruit dehiscence

dehiscent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_dehiscence_dehiscent
description	Fruits are dehiscent when mature.
has broader	Fruit dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_dehiscence_dehiscent

indehiscent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_dehiscence_indehiscent
description	Fruits are indehiscent when mature.
has broader	Fruit dehiscence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_dehiscence_indehiscent

Fruit colour

pink

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_pink
description	Fruit’s exocarp is pink.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_pink

red

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_red
description	Fruit’s exocarp is red.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_red

orange

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_orange
description	Fruit’s exocarp is orange.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_orange

yellow

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_yellow
description	Fruit’s exocarp is yellow.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_yellow

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_green
description	Fruit’s exocarp is green.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_green

blue

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_blue
description	Fruit’s exocarp is blue.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_blue

purple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_purple
description	Fruit’s exocarp is purple.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_purple

white

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_white
description	Fruit’s exocarp is white.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_white

cream

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_cream
description	Fruit’s exocarp is cream.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_cream

brown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_brown
description	Fruit’s exocarp is brown.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_brown

black

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_black
description	Fruit’s exocarp is black.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_black

grey

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_colour_grey
description	Fruit’s exocarp is grey.
has broader	Fruit colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_colour_grey

Fruit surface hairiness

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_surface_hairs_glabrous
description	Mature fruit do not have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Fruit surface hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_surface_hairs_glabrous

hairy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fruit_surface_hairs_hairy
description	Mature fruit have hairs (trichomes).
has broader	Fruit surface hairiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fruit_surface_hairs_hairy

Seed shape

comma-shaped

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_comma-shaped
description	A seed displaying a single arc of curvature, such that it bilaterally symmetrical. (Synonyms, comma-shaped, falcate, sickle-shaped scimitar-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_comma-shaped

conical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_conical
description	Cone-shaped, with a broad flat base and narrow apex; turbinate refers to the inverse shape. (Synonyms, obconical, cone-shaped, turbinate, top-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_conical

cuneate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_cuneate
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is wedge-shaped or boat-shaped.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_cuneate

cylindrical

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_cylindrical
description	A cylinder, a shape with a flat top and bottom that are circular or elliptical in outline and are linked by a curved surface. (Synonyms, terete)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_cylindrical

discoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_discoid
description	A subset of cylinder, a shape with a flat, circular or elliptical top and bottom, linked by a curved surface, where the length of the curved surface is much shorter than the cross-section of the flat surfaces. (Synonyms, flat)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_discoid

ellipsoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_ellipsoid
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is elliptic in long section and circular in cross section; length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2. (Synonyms, obloid, oblong)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_ellipsoid

ellipsoid_flattened

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_ellipsoid_flattened
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is elliptic in long section and and laterally compressed/flattened such that it is non-circular in cross section; length:width ratio between 2:1 and 3:2.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_ellipsoid_flattened

fusiform

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_fusiform
description	Spindle-shaped; A 3-dimension shape that is narrowly ellipsoid, circular in cross-section and tapering sharply toward both ends. (Synonyms, spindle-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_fusiform

globoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_globoid
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is circular in both long section and cross section. (Synonyms, globose, globular, spherical)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_globoid

globoid_flattened

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_globoid_flattened
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is circular in both long section and somewhat flattened such that it is non-circular in cross section.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_globoid_flattened

hemispheric

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_hemispheric
description	Half a sphere or globe, with a flat base, domed top, and circular in cross-section. (Synonyms, convex)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_hemispheric

hemispheric_flattened

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_hemispheric_flattened
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is a laterally compressed/flattened half-sphere or globe; shape has a flat base, a domed top, and is elliptical in cross-section.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_hemispheric_flattened

lenticular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_lenticular
description	Shaped like a biconvex lens and circular in cross section; shaped like a lentil.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_lenticular

orbicular

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_orbicular
description	A poorly defined term that remains in AusTraits only as a placeholder; it appears to be used as both globoid (spherical) and lenticular by different authors.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_orbicular

ovoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_ovoid
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and circular in cross section. Term as used in AusTraits includes variants on egg-shaped including pyriform (pear-shaped) and obovoid (inversely egg-shaped) (Synonyms, pyriform, obovoid)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_ovoid

ovoid_elongated

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_ovoid_elongated
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and circular in cross section, where the length dimension is much longer than the width/height dimensions. Term as used in AusTraits includes specific shapes club-shaped (clavate/obclavate) and tear-shaped (lachrimiform). (Synonyms, lachrimiform, tear-shaped, lachrymiform, clavate; obclavate, club-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_ovoid_elongated

ovoid_flattened

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_ovoid_flattened
description	A 3-dimensional shape that is egg-shaped in long section and laterally compressed/flattened such that is non-circular in cross section.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_ovoid_flattened

polyhedral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_polyhedral
description	A 3-dimensional shape with distinct, fairly flat faces and edges; includes prisms and tetrahedral shaped seeds. (Synonyms, rhomboid, prismatic, pyramidal, rectangular, square)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_polyhedral

polyhedral_elongated

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_polyhedral_elongated
description	A 3-dimensional shape with distinct, fairly flat faces and edges, where the length dimension is much longer than the width/height dimensions; includes elongate prisms and elongate tetrahedral shaped seeds.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_polyhedral_elongated

polyhedral_inflated

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_polyhedral_inflated
description	A 3-dimensional shape with distinct faces and edges but the faces tend to bulge outwards.
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_polyhedral_inflated

reniform

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_reniform
description	Having a cross-section that is roughly circular with a notch; strictly a kidney-shape but the definition applied here includes heart-shaped seeds and other seeds with a distinct notch. (Synonyms, cordiform, kidney-shaped, heart-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_reniform

winged

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_winged
description	A seed with wings. (Synonyms, samara)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_winged

sectoroid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_sectoroid
description	Shaped like an orange segment or wedge of a sphere. (Synonyms, wedge-shaped)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_sectoroid

sinusoidal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_shape_sinusoidal
description	A seed with two arcs of curvature or a single arc, such that it lacks an axis of symmetry. (Synonyms, sigmoidal)
has broader	Seed shape
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_shape_sinusoidal

Seed surface hairs

glabrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_hairs_glabrous
description	Seed surface lacks trichomes or bristles.
has broader	Seed surface hairs
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_hairs_glabrous

hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_hairs_hairs
description	Seed surface with trichomes or bristles.
has broader	Seed surface hairs
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_hairs_hairs

hairs_branched

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_hairs_hairs_branched
description	Seed surface with branched trichomes or bristles.(Synonyms, stellate, plumose)
has broader	Seed surface hairs
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_hairs_hairs_branched

hairs_simple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_hairs_hairs_simple
description	Seed surface with simple trichomes or bristles. (Synonyms, tomentose, velutinous, velvety, sericeous)
has broader	Seed surface hairs
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_hairs_hairs_simple

Seed surface texture

bumpy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_bumpy
description	Seed surface covered with minute, rounded protuberances. (Synonyms, colliculate, verrucate, papillate, tuberculate, undulate)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_bumpy

grooved

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_grooved
description	Seed surface covered with grooves.
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_grooved

netted

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_netted
description	Seed surface covered with raised, reticulate, interconnected ridges. (Synonyms, reticulate, honey-combed)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_netted

papery

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_papery
description	Seed surface with a thin and papery texture. (Synonyms, chartaceous)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_papery

pitted

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_pitted
description	Seed surface pitted. (Synonyms, foveolate, foveate, dimpled, punctate, lacunose)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_pitted

ribbed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_ribbed
description	Seed surface with longitudinal raised ribs or ridges. (Synonyms, costate, carinate, lineate, fluted, striate, strigose, lineolate, scalariform, ridged)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_ribbed

rough

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_rough
description	Seed surface rough with no organisation of markings, resembling sandpaper. (Synonyms, scabrous)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_rough

scaly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_scaly
description	Seed surface rough with loose scales differing in direction or not parallel in direction. (Synonyms, scurfy, squarrose)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_scaly

smooth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_smooth
description	Seed surface smooth, lacking texture. (Synonym, glabrous)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_smooth

spiny

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_spiny
description	Seed surface with spines. (Synonyms, echinulate)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_spiny

wrinkled

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_texture_wrinkled
description	Seed surface with a wrinkled, rugose texture. (Synonyms, rugose, rugulose, bullate)
has broader	Seed surface texture
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_texture_wrinkled

Seed surface reflectivity

dull

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_reflectivity_dull
description	Seed surface appears dull, indicating it has a low reflectivity.
has broader	Seed surface reflectivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_reflectivity_dull

shiny

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_surface_reflectivity_shiny
description	Seed surface appears shiny or glossy, indicating it has a high reflectivity. (Synonyms, glossy, lustrous, polished)
has broader	Seed surface reflectivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_surface_reflectivity_shiny

Diaspore fleshiness

dry

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/diaspore_fleshiness_dry
description	Diaspores where the true fruit, accessory tissues and dispersal appendages are all dry when mature.
has broader	Diaspore fleshiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	diaspore_fleshiness_dry

fleshy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/diaspore_fleshiness_fleshy
description	Diaspores where either the true fruit, accessory tissues or dispersal appendages are fleshy when mature.
has broader	Diaspore fleshiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	diaspore_fleshiness_fleshy

Dispersal appendage

aril

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_aril
description	Fleshy outgrowth of a seed, that often attracts animals like birds or ants.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_aril

bristles

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_bristles
description	Bristle-like projections. Trait value includes awns, which are slender, bristle-like projections in some grasses.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_bristles

bracts_and_glumes

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_bracts_and_glumes
description	When the bracts below the inflorescence are persistent and functional as dispersal appendages. This includes persistent glumes, the modified membranous bracts in the family Poaceae that surround the spikelet of a grass.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_bracts_and_glumes

elaiosome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_elaiosome
description	Fleshy (often fatty) appendage on seeds that attracts ants.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_elaiosome

fleshy_reward

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_fleshy_reward
description	Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that provides a fleshy reward to attract dispersers; highest level of resolution available for some studies.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_fleshy_reward

floating_seed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_floating_seed
description	Seed that is dispersed by floating on water.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_floating_seed

flotation_scales

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_flotation_scales
description	Scales enhancing flotation, thereby assisting with dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_flotation_scales

floral_parts

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_floral_parts
description	When some plant floral parts (the petals, sepals, or style) are persistent and aid in seed and fruit dispersal. This is a broad term not explicitly suggesting a dispersal mechanism.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_floral_parts

hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_hairs
description	Modified hairs that aid in seed dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_hairs

hooks

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_hooks
description	A rear-facing point, as in a fish hook that aids in seed and fruit dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_hooks

inflated_parts

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_inflated_parts
description	When some part of the seed, fruit, or associated tissues is inflated, aiding in seed or fruit dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_inflated_parts

none

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_none
description	When a fruit and associated tissues lack any dispersal appendages. Includes exarillate and taxa with explicitly deciduous pappus.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_none

pappus

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_pappus
description	The calyx in Asteraceae that has been modified into bristles, hairs, scales or awns that are attached to the apex of the fruit. Taxa assigned this trait value have a persistent pappus that aids in dispersal, often, but not exclusively through wind dispersal. The pappus can also assist with flotation.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_pappus

plumose

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_plumose
description	Fruit, seed, style, or other floral component that is plumose and assists with dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_plumose

receptacle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_receptacle
description	Fleshy receptacle that aids in dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_receptacle

sarcotesta

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_sarcotesta
description	Fleshy seed coat that aids in dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_sarcotesta

spines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_spines
description	Spines that aid in dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_spines

tumbleweed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_tumbleweed
description	Plant growth form, whereby the aboveground plant component detaches from the roots and is readily rolled by wind across the ground, aiding in dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_tumbleweed

wings

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_wings
description	Referring to wing-like seed extensions that aid in wind dispersal.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_wings

wing_or_plume

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_appendage_wing_or_plume
description	Broad term that includes a suite of appendages that aid in wind dispersal; highest level of resolution available for some studies.
has broader	Dispersal appendage
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_appendage_wing_or_plume

Dispersal unit

fruit

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_unit_fruit
description	Dispersal unit is a fruit.
has broader	Dispersal unit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_unit_fruit

seed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_unit_seed
description	Dispersal unit is a seed.
has broader	Dispersal unit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_unit_seed

spore

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_unit_spore
description	Dispersal unit is a spore.
has broader	Dispersal unit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_unit_spore

seedling

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_unit_seedling
description	Dispersal unit is a seedling. (Synonyms, viviparous)
has broader	Dispersal unit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_unit_seedling

Seed colour

blue_purple

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_blue_purple
description	Seed coat is pink.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_blue_purple

green

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_green
description	Seed coat is red.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_green

pink

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_pink
description	Seed coat is orange.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_pink

red_brown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_red_brown
description	Seed coat is yellow.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_red_brown

white_cream

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_white_cream
description	Seed coat is green.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_white_cream

yellow_orange

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_yellow_orange
description	Seed coat is blue.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_yellow_orange

grey

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_grey
description	Seed coat is purple.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_grey

black

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_colour_black
description	Seed coat is white.
has broader	Seed colour
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_colour_black

Plant photosynthetic pathway

c3

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_c3
description	Plant using the ‘standard’ photosynthetic pathway, where a 3-carbon compound is produced after the first stage in the photosynthetic pathway.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_c3

c4

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_c4
description	Plants in which the photosynthetic light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle are physically separated to reduce photorespiration.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_c4

c3-c4

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_c3-c4
description	Taxa that shift between C3 and C4 photosynthesis.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_c3-c4

cam

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_cam
description	Plants which display crassulacean acid metabolism.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_cam

c3-cam

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_c3-cam
description	Taxa that shift between C3 and cam photosynthesis.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_c3-cam

c4-cam

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_c4-cam
description	Taxa that shift between C4 and cam photosynthesis.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_c4-cam

facultative_cam

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_facultative_cam
description	Species that shifts between C3 and CAM photosynthesis depending on water availability.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_facultative_cam

unknown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/photosynthetic_pathway_unknown
description	Photosynthetic pathway is unknown. (This trait value should be used if the photosynthetic pathway is assessed but unknown, not to record a lack of data.)
has broader	Plant photosynthetic pathway
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	photosynthetic_pathway_unknown

Bark photosynthesis

non_photosynthetic_bark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_photosynthetic_status_non_photosynthetic_bark
description	Plant’s bark is not photosynthetic.
has broader	Bark photosynthesis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_photosynthetic_status_non_photosynthetic_bark

photosynthetic_bark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bark_photosynthetic_status_photosynthetic_bark
description	Plant’s bark is photosynthetic.
has broader	Bark photosynthesis
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bark_photosynthetic_status_photosynthetic_bark

Plant growth form

herb

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_herb
description	A seed-bearing plant which does not have a woody above-ground stem; when available this term has been divided into more detailed terms. (Synonyms, forb)
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_herb

subshrub

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_subshrub
description	A plant that is only woody at the base, with the remainder of the stems regenerating yearly. This term is not meant to encompass short-lived plants that are only borderline woody. (Synonyms, suffrutescent)
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_subshrub

shrub

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_shrub
description	A woody plant that is distinguished by NOT being a tree, due to one of more of the following characteristics, 1) they are less than 8 metres in height; 2) if a plant community includes trees, the shrubs are shorter than the surrounding trees and not part of the canopy; 3) in comparison to trees, the leaves are more distributed along the entire trunk; 4) the plant has multiple relatively narrow stems arising at or near ground level. The definition of shrub is complex, as there are many single-stemmed shrubs within Australia and many taxa that are described in the taxonomic literature as a shrub or small tree.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_shrub

mallee

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_mallee
description	Refers to Eucalyptus species which are small trees that form a large lignotuber. They have multiple stems arising at or near ground level and regenerate from the lignotuber following fire.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_mallee

tree

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_tree
description	A tall, woody, perennial plant, usually with a single main trunk, and its leaves predominantly elevated above the ground surface.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_tree

graminoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_graminoid
description	Herbaceous plant with a grass-like morphology that is within the order Poales. Taxa both with and without a tussock form are mapped to this term. This term is most frequently applied to three large monocot families, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Juncaceae, but the term could apply to other taxa within Poales with a grass-like morphology, including narrow, linear leaves and non-showy flowers, including Restionaceae, Centrolepidaceae, Anarthriaceae, and Ecdeiocoleaceae. Taxa outside Poales with a grass-like morphology should be designated as herbs and also have the term tufted mapped to the trait stem_growth_habit.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_graminoid

tussock

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_tussock
description	A subcategory of graminoid, which is a plant where many shoots from the basal meristem form prominent tufts.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_tussock

graminoid_not_tussock

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_graminoid_not_tussock
description	A subcategory of graminoid, indicating a plant which explicitly lacks a tussock morphology, with the leaves not growing in tufts.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_graminoid_not_tussock

hummock

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_hummock
description	Plant that grows as a dense mound up to 1 metre in height. The term generally applies only to species within the genera Triodia that form such mounds and these are considered a distinctive and uniquely Australian growth form.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_hummock

basal_large

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_basal_large
description	A plant whose leaves form a distinctly large basal tuft or rosette, including large acaulescent monocots and cycads.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_basal_large

geophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_geophyte
description	Subcategory of herb, specifically referring to plants that survive the winter/dry season as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in dry soil, with all leaves dying back each year.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_geophyte

palmoid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_palmoid
description	Plant that bears a rosette-like canopy of typically large, often compound leaves atop a usually thick (pachycaulous), columnar, unbranched or little-branched stem. Palms, tree ferns, trunked cycads, trunked grass-trees, and Pandanus are mapped to this term. (Synonyms, rosette-tree, palm, grass-tree)
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_palmoid

climber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_climber
description	Plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. Term used only if datasets do not specify if a climbing plant is herbaceous (a vine) or woody (a liana).
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_climber

climber_herbaceous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_climber_herbaceous
description	Herbaceous plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. This is usually synonymous with vine. Types of climbers (scrambling, twining) are captured under the trait plant_climbing_mechanism. (Synonyms, vine)
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_climber_herbaceous

climber_woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_climber_woody
description	Woody or thick-stemmed (>2 cm) plant that climbs up another plant’s stem or branches, rather than being able to support itself. This is usually synonymous with liana. Woody climbers generally use hooks, tendrils, and/or adventitious roots to climb; the climbing mechanisms used by a taxon are captured under the trait plant_climbing_mechanism. (Synonyms, liana)
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_climber_woody

fern

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_fern
description	A taxonomic grouping that includes acaulescent ferns; ferns are vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_fern

lycophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_form_lycophyte
description	A taxonomic grouping that includes quillworts, clubmosses, and spike mosses.
has broader	Plant growth form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_form_lycophyte

Life form

phanerophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_phanerophyte
description	Plant whose perennating buds are on persistent shoots which rise at least 50 cm above the soil surface. These are normally woody perennials.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_phanerophyte

chamaephyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_chamaephyte
description	Plant whose perennating buds are on persistent shoots that do not extend more than 50 cm above the soil surface. These are normally woody perennials.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_chamaephyte

hemicryptophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_hemicryptophyte
description	Plant whose perennating buds are at or near the soil surface.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_hemicryptophyte

cryptophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_cryptophyte
description	Plant whose perennating buds are subterranean or under water. This grouping can be further divided into geophyte, helophyte, and hydrophyte.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_cryptophyte

geophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_geophyte
description	Plant that perennates as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in dry soil, with all leaves dying back each year; a subcategory of cryptophyte.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_geophyte

helophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_helophyte
description	Plant that perennates as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in marshy or wet soil or lying under water, with buds emerging during the growing season and shoots and leaves rising about the water surface; a subcategory of cryptophyte. (Synonyms, emergent_hydrophyte)
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_helophyte

hydrophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_hydrophyte
description	Plant that perennates as buds or as an organ (rhizome, bulb, corm, or tuber) buried in marshy or wet soil or lying under water, with shoots emerging during the growing season that remain below or at the water surface; a subcategory of cryptophyte.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_hydrophyte

therophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_therophyte
description	Annual plants whose shoot and root systems die completely at the end of flowering and seed production, such that they survive the unfavourable cold or dry season in the form of seeds.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_therophyte

epiphyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_epiphyte
description	Plant that grows on the surface of another plant.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_epiphyte

aerophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_form_aerophyte
description	Plant that obtains moisture and nutrients from the air and rain, resting on other plants or the ground surface.
has broader	Life form
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_form_aerophyte

Life history

ephemeral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral
description	A very short-lived plant, generally with a lifespan of only a few months and the exact length of lifespan quite variable and determined by environmental conditions.
has broader	Life history
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral

annual

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_annual
description	A plant that lives for up to one year after germinating, completing its life cycle in a single growing season.
has broader	Life history
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_annual

biennial

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_biennial
description	A plant that lives for up to two years after germinating, requiring two growing seasons to complete its life cycle and dying following the second growing season.
has broader	Life history
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_biennial

perennial

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_perennial
description	A plant that lives for three or more growing seasons, with an exact lifespan that is indeterminate.
has broader	Life history
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_perennial

short_lived_perennial

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_short_lived_perennial
description	A perennial whose lifespan is less than approximately five years, with the exact lifespan generally dependent on environmental conditions.
has broader	Life history
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_short_lived_perennial

Ephemeral life history class

disturbance_ephemeral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral_class_disturbance_ephemeral
description	Ephemeral plant the germinates and establishes following disturbance, but the type of disturbance is not specified.
has broader	Ephemeral life history class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral_class_disturbance_ephemeral

rain_ephemeral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral_class_rain_ephemeral
description	Ephemeral plant that germinates and establishes following rain or flood events.
has broader	Ephemeral life history class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral_class_rain_ephemeral

fire_ephemeral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral
description	Ephemeral plant that germinates and establishes following fire, where it is unknown if the plant is an obligate or facultative fire ephemeral.
has broader	Ephemeral life history class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral

fire_ephemeral_facultative

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_facultative
description	Ephemeral plant that increases its germination and establishment following fire, but can also germinate and establish without fire.
has broader	Ephemeral life history class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_facultative

fire_ephemeral_obligate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_obligate
description	Ephemeral plant that only germinates and establishes following fire.
has broader	Ephemeral life history class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	life_history_ephemeral_class_fire_ephemeral_obligate

Plant growth substrate

epiphyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_epiphyte
description	A plant that grows upon another plant.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_epiphyte

lithophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_lithophyte
description	A plant that grows upon a rock.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_lithophyte

terrestrial

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_terrestrial
description	A plant that grows on land, and generally referencing a plant that grows in soil.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_terrestrial

semiaquatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_semiaquatic
description	A plant that grows partially submerged in water or spends part of its life growing in water.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_semiaquatic

aquatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_aquatic
description	A plant that grows in water.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_aquatic

marine

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_marine
description	A plant that grows in the sea.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_marine

hemiepiphyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_growth_substrate_hemiepiphyte
description	A plant that spends part of its life cycle as an epiphyte, growing upon another plant.
has broader	Plant growth substrate
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_growth_substrate_hemiepiphyte

Plant photosynthetic organ

leaf

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_photosynthetic_organ_leaf
description	A true leaf, including both laminar and needle-shaped leaves.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_photosynthetic_organ_leaf

cladode

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_photosynthetic_organ_cladode
description	A photosynthetic shoot, regardless of form, that functions as a leaf. For example, cacti pads and Casuarina articles. (Synonyms, article, phylloclade, cladophyll)
has broader	Plant photosynthetic organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_photosynthetic_organ_cladode

phyllode

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_photosynthetic_organ_phyllode
description	A flattened bladelike petiole. (Synonyms, switch plant)
has broader	Plant photosynthetic organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_photosynthetic_organ_phyllode

non-photosynthetic_plant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_photosynthetic_organ_non-photosynthetic_plant
description	A plant that lacks any photosynthetic organs.
has broader	Plant photosynthetic organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_photosynthetic_organ_non-photosynthetic_plant

Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies

saprophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_saprophyte
description	Plant that acquires nutrients from decaying biomass.
has broader	Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_saprophyte

carnivorous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_carnivorous
description	Plant that acquires some or most of its nutrients from animals or protozoa.
has broader	Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_carnivorous

nutrient_mining

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_nutrient_mining
description	Plant that uses a specialised root structure, such as cluster roots, to mine nutrients inaccessible to other plant taxa.
has broader	Plant alternative energy and nutrient acquisition strategies
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_alternative_energy_and_nutrient_acquisition_strategy_nutrient_mining

Woodiness

herbaceous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_herbaceous
description	Plant with non-lignified stems.
has broader	Woodiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_herbaceous

woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_woody
description	Plant whose stems are stiff and lignified, including both stems that produce secondary xylem and those that produce only lignified primary tissues but are notably stiff and robust.
has broader	Woodiness
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_woody

Detailed woodiness categories

herbaceous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_herbaceous
description	Plant with non-lignified stems.
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_herbaceous

woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_woody
description	Plant whose stems produce secondary xylem (true wood).
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_woody

woody_base

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_woody_base
description	Plant where secondary xylem (true wood) is present only at the base of stems. (Synonyms, suffrutescent)
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_woody_base

woody_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_woody_root
description	Plant that has a woody rootstock but non-woody above-ground stems.
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_woody_root

semi_woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_semi_woody
description	Plant that forms stems considered only ‘partially woody’, generally having lower lignin and cellulose contents and possibly not forming secondary xylem. These are generally short-lived, fast-growing stems. (Synonyms, green-stem shrub, soft shrub, soft wood)
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_semi_woody

woody_like_stem

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_woody_like_stem
description	Taxa, including monocots and ferns, that produce thick, stiff, robust lignified stems but do not produce secondary xylem.
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_woody_like_stem

woody_like_inflorescence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/woodiness_detailed_woody_like_inflorescence
description	Taxa, including monocots, that produce thick, stiff, robust lignified inflorescence shoots but are otherwise non-woody.
has broader	Detailed woodiness categories
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	woodiness_detailed_woody_like_inflorescence

Physical defence structures

absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_absent
description	Plant that lacks a physical defence structure.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_absent

sharp_pointed_defence

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_sharp_pointed_defence
description	Plant that has either spines, thorns, or prickles but the type of physical defence structure is not specified.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_sharp_pointed_defence

prickle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_prickle
description	A sharp-tipped outgrowth from the epidermis, bark or other plant organ that is explicitly not a spine (modified leaf) or thorn (modified stem).
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_prickle

pungent_leaf_apex

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_pungent_leaf_apex
description	A sharp-tipped leaf.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_pungent_leaf_apex

spine

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_spine
description	A sharp-pointed structure, which is a modified leaf or leaf part, including petioles, midribs, secondary veins, leaflets, or stipules.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_spine

stinging_or_irritant_hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_stinging_or_irritant_hairs
description	Trichomes that sting or irritate, by injecting a toxin.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_stinging_or_irritant_hairs

thorn

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_physical_defence_structures_thorn
description	A sharp-pointed, stiff, woody modified stem.
has broader	Physical defence structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_physical_defence_structures_thorn

Plant climbing mechanisms

adventitious_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_adventitious_roots
description	Roots arising from stem nodes which cling to a host plant.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_adventitious_roots

hooks

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_hooks
description	Curved stem outgrowths which allow climbers to cling to a host plant.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_hooks

spines

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_spines
description	Straight stem outgrowths (including true spines as well as thorns and prickles) which allow climbers to cling to a host plant.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_spines

tendrils

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_tendrils
description	Modified leaves, petioles, or specialised axillary shoots that coil tightly, forming a specialised structure for climbing.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_tendrils

scrambling

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_scrambling
description	Stem growth habit, where the plant stems are too weak to support themselves, and instead lean on and are supported by host vegetation. There are no specialised structures employed.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_scrambling

twining

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_climbing_mechanism_twining
description	Stem growth habit, where the plant stems twist or coil around a host plant to provide support.
has broader	Plant climbing mechanisms
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_climbing_mechanism_twining

Plant succulence

succulent_stems

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_succulence_succulent_stems
description	Stems are thick and fleshy.
has broader	Plant succulence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_succulence_succulent_stems

succulent_leaves

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_succulence_succulent_leaves
description	Leaves are thick and fleshy.
has broader	Plant succulence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_succulence_succulent_leaves

succulent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_succulence_succulent
description	A plant is designated as succulent but it is not specified which tissues are thick and fleshy.
has broader	Plant succulence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_succulence_succulent

semi-succulent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_succulence_semi-succulent
description	A plant has tissues that are somewhat thick and fleshy, including many chenopods.
has broader	Plant succulence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_succulence_semi-succulent

not_succulent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_succulence_not_succulent
description	Neither stems nor leaves are thick and fleshy.
has broader	Plant succulence
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_succulence_not_succulent

Stem growth habit

arborescent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_arborescent
description	Tree-like growth habit.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_arborescent

erect

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_erect
description	Stems that grow upright.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_erect

caespitose

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_caespitose
description	Multiple short-shoots arise from the base of the plant forming a dense tuft, as in a bunch-grass. (Synonyms, cespitose, bunch-grass, tussock)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_caespitose

cushion-forming

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_cushion-forming
description	Multiple erect, short stems arise from the soil and are so tightly packed that they form dense, even, rounded canopy with no gaps. (Synonyms, cushion)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_cushion-forming

mat-forming

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_mat-forming
description	Multiple stems that are mostly horizontal and are densely packed but open enough that there are still a few gaps between them.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_mat-forming

tufted

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_tufted
description	Plant has a dense clump of leaves, either at the base of the plant or clusters of leaves growing close together higher on the plant. This term can refer to grasses, shrubs, or trees.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_tufted

creeping

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_creeping
description	Stem that creeps along the ground, rooting at nodes. (Synonyms, repent)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_creeping

decumbent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_decumbent
description	Stems whose bases lie flat on the ground but whose tips grow upward. (Synonyms, ascending)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_decumbent

prostrate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_prostrate
description	Stems lie flat on the ground but do not root at nodes. (Synonyms, procumbent, reclining, trailing)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_prostrate

rosette

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_rosette
description	Plants whose leaves radiate from a central point at or near ground level. (Synonyms, acaulescent, rosulate)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_rosette

climbing

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_climbing
description	Stem that does not have a self-supporting structure and ascends by leaning on or attaching itself to surrounding vegetation or another substrate. Climbing mechanisms include tendrils, petioles, adventitious roots, scrambling, and twining and are distinguished between in the trait plant_climbing_mechanism.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_climbing

sprawling

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_sprawling
description	Stem that sprawls across other plants or objects but lacks specialised climbing structures or mechanisms. (Synonyms, clambering, scandent)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_sprawling

rhizomatous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_rhizomatous
description	Plants with short horizontal underground stems from which shoots emerge.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_rhizomatous

stoloniferous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_stoloniferous
description	Plants with long horizontal branches either slightly belowground or aboveground, that root at their nodes or tips, producing new plants. (Synonyms, sarmentose)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_stoloniferous

spreading

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_spreading
description	Plants with a notable horizontal extent, referring either to a broad tree canopy or a shrub or herb that spreads across the ground.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_spreading

floating

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_floating
description	Plant where most of the leaves are floating on water.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_floating

submerged

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_submerged
description	Plant where most of the leaves are submerged beneath the surface of a waterbody.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_submerged

dense

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_dense
description	Plant with a high density of branches.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_dense

compact

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_compact
description	Plant with closely packed branches.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_compact

bushy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_bushy
description	Plant with much-branched branches. (Synonyms, shrubby)
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_bushy

open

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_open
description	Plant with an open architecture of branches.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_open

spindly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/stem_growth_habit_spindly
description	Plants with weak, skinny branches.
has broader	Stem growth habit
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	stem_growth_habit_spindly

Leaf phenology

deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_deciduous
description	Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to either drought or cold.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_deciduous

evergreen

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_evergreen
description	Plant retains a leaf canopy throughout the year.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_evergreen

cold_deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_cold_deciduous
description	Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to cold.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_cold_deciduous

drought_deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_drought_deciduous
description	Plant loses its entire leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to drought.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_drought_deciduous

facultative_drought_deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_facultative_drought_deciduous
description	Plant sometimes loses its leaf canopy for part of the year, in response to drought.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_facultative_drought_deciduous

semi_deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_semi_deciduous
description	Plant thins, but does not entirely lose, its leaf canopy in response to an environmental cue, usually drought.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_semi_deciduous

brevi_deciduous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/leaf_phenology_brevi_deciduous
description	Plant briefly loses its entire leaf canopy but flushes a new leaf canopy almost simultaneously to leaf loss.
has broader	Leaf phenology
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	leaf_phenology_brevi_deciduous

Competitive stratum

ground

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/competitive_stratum_ground
description	Graminoids, herbs and ferns reaching maximum heights of c. 0.2-1 m.
has broader	Competitive stratum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	competitive_stratum_ground

mid

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/competitive_stratum_mid
description	Shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 1-2 m.
has broader	Competitive stratum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	competitive_stratum_mid

upper

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/competitive_stratum_upper
description	Tall shrubs reaching maximum heights of c. 3-5 m.
has broader	Competitive stratum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	competitive_stratum_upper

post_fire_ephemeral

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/competitive_stratum_post_fire_ephemeral
description	Taxa that avoid competition with other strata by rapidly completing their life cycle after fire; a sub-category of ‘ground’.
has broader	Competitive stratum
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	competitive_stratum_post_fire_ephemeral

Plant nitrogen fixation capacity

non_nitrogen_fixer

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/nitrogen_fixing_non_nitrogen_fixer
description	Plant does not host nitrogen-fixing microbes.
has broader	Plant nitrogen fixation capacity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	nitrogen_fixing_non_nitrogen_fixer

nitrogen_fixer

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/nitrogen_fixing_nitrogen_fixer
description	Plant hosts nitrogen-fixing microbes in root nodules.
has broader	Plant nitrogen fixation capacity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	nitrogen_fixing_nitrogen_fixer

Plant root structures

arbuscular_mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_arbuscular_mycorrhizal
description	Symbiosis in which the mycorrhizal fungi does penetrate the cortex cells of the plant roots and its hyphae form arbuscules and vesicles inside the plant root; endomycorrhizal, AM, VAM.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_arbuscular_mycorrhizal

carnivorous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_carnivorous
description	Plant has non-mycorrhizal carnivorous root.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_carnivorous

cluster_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_cluster_roots
description	Non-proteoid taxa with cluster roots.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_cluster_roots

coiling_vam

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_coiling_vam
description	Associations that spread predominantly by intracellular hyphal coils within roots.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_coiling_vam

dauciform_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_dauciform_root
description	A type of cluster root found in the family Cyperaceae.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_dauciform_root

ectomycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_ectomycorrhizal
description	Symbiosis in which the mycorrhizal fungi does not penetrate the cortex cells of the plant roots.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_ectomycorrhizal

ericoid_mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_ericoid_mycorrhizal
description	A form of arbuscular mycorrhizal relationship only found on plants in the order Ericales. The fungi’s hyphae penetrate the plant root but do not form arbuscules.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_ericoid_mycorrhizal

fine_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_fine_roots
description	Particularly fine roots for nutrient uptake.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_fine_roots

haustorium

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_haustorium
description	A highly modified stem or root of a parasitic plant, such as mistletoe , or a specialized branch or tube originating from a hairlike filament (hypha) of a fungus. The haustorium penetrates the tissues of a host and absorbs nutrients and water.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_haustorium

hemiparasitic_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_hemiparasitic_root
description	Plant with a partially parasitic root.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_hemiparasitic_root

long_root_hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_long_root_hairs
description	Plant with specialised long root hairs.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_long_root_hairs

mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_mycorrhizal
description	Plant mycorrhizal but type not specified.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_mycorrhizal

non_mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_non_mycorrhizal
description	Plants lacking a mycorrhizal symbiont.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_non_mycorrhizal

orchid_mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_orchid_mycorrhizal
description	A mycorrhizal relationship specific to orchid taxa, and for most orchids, essential for seedlings to establish.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_orchid_mycorrhizal

parasitic_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_parasitic_root
description	Plant with a parasitic root.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_parasitic_root

proteoid_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_proteoid_root
description	Also known as cluster roots, are plant roots that form clusters of closely spaced short lateral rootlets and aid in nutrient upake in nutrient-poor soils; common in members of the family Proteaceae but present in other families as well.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_proteoid_root

root_hairs

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_root_hairs
description	Plant with specialised root hairs.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_root_hairs

sand-binding

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_sand-binding
description	Persistent sheaths of sand that form around the roots of taxa in the families Restionaceae, Cyperaceae, Haemodoraceae, and Lomandraceae in western Australia. Assumed to function in nutrient uptake.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_sand-binding

saprophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_saprophyte
description	Plant that acquires nutrients from decaying biomass.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_saprophyte

subepidermal_mycorrhizal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_subepidermal_mycorrhizal
description	Mycorrhizae where hyphae grow in a cavity under epidermal cells. Only in the genus Thysanotus (family Laxmaniaceae).
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_subepidermal_mycorrhizal

unknown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/root_structure_unknown
description	Root structures unknown.
has broader	Plant root structures
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	root_structure_unknown

Plant parasitism status

hemiparasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_hemiparasitic
description	Plant that is photosynthetic but augments its energy, mineral nutrition, and /or water supply through parasitism. This trait value does not distinguish between obligate hemiparasites, plants which require a host for at least part of their life cycle, and facultative hemiparasites, plants which can grow and reproduce without a host.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_hemiparasitic

hemiparasitic_obligate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_hemiparasitic_obligate
description	Plant that is photosynthetic but requires a host for at least part of its life cycle.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_hemiparasitic_obligate

hemiparasitic_facultative

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_hemiparasitic_facultative
description	Plant that is photosynthetic and can grow and reproduce without a host but augments its energy, mineral nutrition, and /or water supply through parasitism.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_hemiparasitic_facultative

holoparasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_holoparasitic
description	Plant that obtains all (or nearly all) of its energy through parasitism.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_holoparasitic

parasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_parasitic
description	Plant that obtains some energy, mineral nutrition and/or water through parasitism. This term is used if a dataset does not specify if a plant is a hemiparasite or a holoparasite.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_parasitic

not_parasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_not_parasitic
description	In the context of this trait, a plant that does not acquire energy, mineral nutrition, and/or water via haustoria connected to another plant. It can include species that form a symbiosis, including a parasitic interaction, with a fungal partner.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_not_parasitic

root_parasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_root_parasitic
description	Parasitic plant whose haustoria penetrate the root of a host plant.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_root_parasitic

stem_parasitic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/parasitic_stem_parasitic
description	Parasitic plant whose haustoria penetrate the stem of a host plant.
has broader	Plant parasitism status
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	parasitic_stem_parasitic

Plant sex type

androdioecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_androdioecious
description	Taxa in which hermaphroditic and staminate (male) plants coexist within a population.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_androdioecious

andromonoecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_andromonoecious
description	Taxa with hermaphrodite flowers and staminate flowers (producing just male gametes) on the same plant but no pistillate (female) flowers.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_andromonoecious

dioecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_dioecious
description	Taxa that produce male and female flowers on separate plants.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_dioecious

gynodioecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_gynodioecious
description	Taxa in which hermaphroditic and pistillate (female) plants coexist within a population.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_gynodioecious

gynomonoecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_gynomonoecious
description	Taxa with hermaphrodite flowers and pistillate flowers (producing just female gametes) on the same plant but no staminate (male) flowers.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_gynomonoecious

hermaphrodite

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_hermaphrodite
description	Taxa with flowers that produce both male and female gametes; bisexual.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_hermaphrodite

monoecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_monoecious
description	Taxa that have both male and female flowers on the same plant but an individual flower produces only male or female gametes.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_monoecious

polygamous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_polygamous
description	Taxa with both unisexual and bisexual flowers on the same plant.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_polygamous

polygamodioecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_polygamodioecious
description	Taxa where some flowers on a plant are hermaphrodite and other are pistillate (female) or staminate (male).
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_polygamodioecious

polygamonoecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_polygamonoecious
description	Taxa where some plants in a population have hermaphrodite and pistillate (female) flowers and others have hermaphrodite and staminate (male) flowers.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_polygamonoecious

trioecious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_trioecious
description	Taxa where plants in a population have either hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers, pistillate (female) flowers, or staminate (male) flowers.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_trioecious

unknown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/sex_type_unknown
description	Inadequate information to assign a sex type.
has broader	Plant sex type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	sex_type_unknown

Pollination syndrome

abiotic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_abiotic
description	Floral syndrome indicates pollination occurs through wind, water, or collision of free-floating particles.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_abiotic

biotic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_biotic
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are pollinated by a biotic agent.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_biotic

animal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_animal
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are animal-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_animal

ballistic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_ballistic
description	Floral syndrome suggests pollen is launched away from the plant by explosion.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_ballistic

bat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_bat
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bat-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_bat

bee

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_bee
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bee-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_bee

beetle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_beetle
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are beetle-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_beetle

bird

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_bird
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are bird-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_bird

butterfly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_butterfly
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are butterfly-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_butterfly

fly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_fly
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are fly-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_fly

insect

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_insect
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are insect-pollinated, type of insect not specified.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_insect

mammal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_mammal
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are mammal-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_mammal

moth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_moth
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are moth-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_moth

thrip

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_thrip
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are thrip-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_thrip

vertebrate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_vertebrate
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are vertebrate-pollinated (bats, birds, mammals or lizards).
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_vertebrate

wasp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_wasp
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are wasp-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_wasp

water

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_water
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are water-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_water

wind

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_wind
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are wind-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_wind

self

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_self
description	Floral syndrome suggests flowers are primarily self-pollinating.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_self

pollination_rare

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_syndrome_pollination_rare
description	Plants mostly reproduce through vegetative spread and flowering is rare.
has broader	Pollination syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_syndrome_pollination_rare

Pollination system

abiotic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_abiotic
description	Observations indicate pollination occurs through wind, water, or collision of free-floating particles.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_abiotic

biotic_unspecialised

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_biotic_unspecialised
description	Taxa are pollinated by a biotic agent, but do not have a specialist pollinator.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_biotic_unspecialised

biotic_specialised

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_biotic_specialised
description	Taxa depend upon a specialist pollinator for pollen transfer.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_biotic_specialised

animal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_animal
description	Flowers are observed to be animal-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_animal

ballistic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_ballistic
description	Pollen is observed to be launched away from the plant by explosion.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_ballistic

bat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_bat
description	Flowers are observed to be bat-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_bat

bee

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_bee
description	Flowers are observed to be bee-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_bee

beetle

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_beetle
description	Flowers are observed to be beetle-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_beetle

bird

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_bird
description	Flowers are observed to be bird-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_bird

butterfly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_butterfly
description	Flowers are observed to be butterfly-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_butterfly

fly

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_fly
description	Flowers are observed to be fly-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_fly

insect

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_insect
description	Flowers are observed to be insect-pollinated, type of insect not specified.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_insect

mammal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_mammal
description	Flowers are observed to be mammal-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_mammal

moth

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_moth
description	Flowers are observed to be moth-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_moth

thrip

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_thrip
description	Flowers are observed to be thrip-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_thrip

vertebrate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_vertebrate
description	Flowers are observed to be vertebrate-pollinated (bats, birds, mammals or lizards).
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_vertebrate

wasp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_wasp
description	Flowers are observed to be wasp-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_wasp

water

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_water
description	Flowers are observed to be water-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_water

wind

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_wind
description	Flowers are observed to be wind-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_wind

self

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/pollination_system_self
description	Flowers are self-pollinated.
has broader	Pollination system
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	pollination_system_self

Diaspore dispersal syndrome

anemochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_anemochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by wind. (Synonyms, wind)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_anemochory

anthrochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_anthrochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by humans, either intentionally or unintentionally.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_anthrochory

atelochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_atelochory
description	Diaspore dispersal is prevented. (Synonyms, antitelochory)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_atelochory

autochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_autochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by methods originating from the parent plant or diaspore.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_autochory

ballistic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_ballistic
description	Seeds are launched away from the plant by explosion as soon as the seed capsule opens.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_ballistic

barochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_barochory
description	Diaspores are dispersed without assistance. (Synonyms, gravity, mobile, unassisted, passive)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_barochory

chamaechory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_chamaechory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by being rolled along ground surface by wind.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_chamaechory

endozoochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_endozoochory
description	Diaspore is ingested by animals, either intentionally or accidentally, then transported before being deposited. (Synonyms, ingestion)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_endozoochory

epizoochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_epizoochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by accidentally attaching itself to the outside of an animal vector. (Synonyms, ectozoochory, exozoochory)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_epizoochory

hydrochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_hydrochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed on the surface of water. (Synonyms, water)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_hydrochory

myrmecochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_myrmecochory
description	Diaspores have elaiosomes (specialised nutritious appendages) that make them attractive for capture, transport and use by ants or related insects.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_myrmecochory

undefined

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_undefined
description	Dispersal mechanism unknown. (Synonyms, unknown)
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_undefined

zoochory

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersal_syndrome_zoochory
description	Diaspore is dispersed by animals, by an undescribed mechanism.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal syndrome
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersal_syndrome_zoochory

Diaspore dispersal agents

indigenous_people

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_indigenous_people
description	Indigenous people disperse the fruit through traditional practices.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_indigenous_people

abiotic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_abiotic
description	Fruits are dispersed by unspecified abiotic mechanisms.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_abiotic

ants

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_ants
description	Ants are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_ants

animals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_animals
description	Animals are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_animals

bats

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_bats
description	Bats are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_bats

birds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_birds
description	Birds are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_birds

cassowaries

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_cassowaries
description	Cassowaries, in contrast to smaller flying birds, are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_cassowaries

fish

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_fish
description	Fish are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_fish

floods

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_floods
description	Floods are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_floods

flying_vertebrates

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_flying_vertebrates
description	Flying birds and bats are important fruit dispersal agents.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_flying_vertebrates

flying_foxes

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_flying_foxes
description	Flying foxes are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_flying_foxes

garden_refuse

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_garden_refuse
description	Fruit are dispersed through garden refuse.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_garden_refuse

insects

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_insects
description	Insects are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_insects

invertebrates

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_invertebrates
description	Invertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_invertebrates

mammals

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_mammals
description	Mammals are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_mammals

mammals_domestic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_mammals_domestic
description	Domesticated ammals are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_mammals_domestic

non-flying_vertebrates

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_non-flying_vertebrates
description	Mammals and non-flying birds (i.e. cassowary, emu) are important fruit dispersal agents.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_non-flying_vertebrates

passive

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_passive
description	There is no special dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_passive

rain

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_rain
description	Rain is an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore is propelled by action of rain on plant structure or the wetting of the plant structure by rain or dew.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_rain

rodents

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_rodents
description	Rodents are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_rodents

vehicles

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_vehicles
description	Vehicles are an important dispersal agent, such as through mud on tyres.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_vehicles

vertebrates

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_vertebrates
description	Vertebrates are an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_vertebrates

wind

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_wind
description	Wind is an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_wind

water

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_water
description	Water is an important fruit dispersal agent.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_water

water_currents

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/dispersers_water_currents
description	Water currents are an important fruit dispersal agent; the diaspore may be either floating or submerged in fresh/saltwater currents.
has broader	Diaspore dispersal agents
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	dispersers_water_currents

Environmental flowering cues

rain

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain
description	Plants increase flowering in response to rain, but the time of year is not specified.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain

rain_obligate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_obligate
description	Plants only flower following rain events.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_obligate

rain_all_year

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_all_year
description	Plants increase flowering in response to rain at any time of the year.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_all_year

rain_summer

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_summer
description	Plants increase flowering in response to summer rains.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_summer

rain_autumn

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_autumn
description	Plants increase flowering in response to autumn rains.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_autumn

rain_winter

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_winter
description	Plants increase flowering in response to winter rains.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_winter

rain_spring

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_rain_spring
description	Plants increase flowering in response to spring rains.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_rain_spring

floods

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_floods
description	Plants increase flowering in response to floods.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_floods

fire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/flowering_cues_fire
description	Plants increase flowering in response to fires.
has broader	Environmental flowering cues
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	flowering_cues_fire

Seedling establishment conditions

establish_post_fire

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_fire
description	Seedling establishment occurs following fire.
has broader	Seedling establishment conditions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_fire

establish_post_disturbance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_disturbance
description	Seedling establishment occurs following disturbances that increase light levels at the ground surface, but the type of disturbance is not documented.
has broader	Seedling establishment conditions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_post_disturbance

establish_anytime

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_anytime
description	Seedlings can establish immediately following a disturbance and in later years as vegetation ages, right thru to mature and over-mature vegetation
has broader	Seedling establishment conditions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_anytime

establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation
description	Seedlings require some environmental characteristics not found in vegetation straight after fires to establish, for they cannot establish within the first season or two after fire but can establish in older vegetation (including mature to over-mature vegetation).
has broader	Seedling establishment conditions
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedling_establishment_conditions_establish_intermediate_to_mature_vegetation

Seed storage location

seedbank

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_seedbank
description	A seedbank exists, but its locations is not specified.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_seedbank

canopy_seedbank

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank
description	Seeds stored in the canopy, usually still within a woody cone.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank

soil_seedbank

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_soil_seedbank
description	Seeds stored in the soil.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_soil_seedbank

canopy_seedbank_absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank_absent
description	Seed explicitly not stored in the canopy.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_canopy_seedbank_absent

soil_seedbank_absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_soil_seedbank_absent
description	Seed explicitly not stored in the soil.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_soil_seedbank_absent

none

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_location_none
description	Seeds are not stored.
has broader	Seed storage location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_location_none

Serotiny

not_serotinous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/serotiny_not_serotinous
description	Plant does not display serotiny.
has broader	Serotiny
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	serotiny_not_serotinous

serotinous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/serotiny_serotinous
description	Plant serotinous, level not specified.
has broader	Serotiny
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	serotiny_serotinous

serotiny_low

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/serotiny_serotiny_low
description	Plant displays a weak level of serotiny, indicating it releases most of its seeds gradually, with only a small proportion of the seeds retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers the release of the entire seedbank.
has broader	Serotiny
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	serotiny_serotiny_low

serotiny_moderate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/serotiny_serotiny_moderate
description	Plant displays a moderate level of serotiny, indicating it releases some of its seeds gradually, with the remainder retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers the release of the entire seedbank.
has broader	Serotiny
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	serotiny_serotiny_moderate

serotiny_high

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/serotiny_serotiny_high
description	Plant displays a strong level of serotiny, indicating all seeds are retained as a canopy seedbank until an environmental cue triggers their release.
has broader	Serotiny
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	serotiny_serotiny_high

Seedbank longevity class

transient

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_longevity_class_transient
description	Seed that survives in the seedbank until its first annual germination season, but not until its second annual germination season. Some transient seeds will germinate within weeks to months, while others may remain in the seedbank for slightly over a year, depending on how the annual recruitment season aligns with seed maturation. Transient seeds are non-dormant, remaining in the seedbank until environmental conditions are appropriate for germination.
has broader	Seedbank longevity class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_longevity_class_transient

persistent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_longevity_class_persistent
description	Seed that survives in the seedbank until at least its second germination season.
has broader	Seedbank longevity class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_longevity_class_persistent

short_persistent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_longevity_class_short_persistent
description	Seed that persists in the seedbank for approximately 1 to 5 years, although the time interval varies by study.
has broader	Seedbank longevity class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_longevity_class_short_persistent

long_persistent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_longevity_class_long_persistent
description	Seed that persists in the seedbank for more than 5 years, although the time interval varies by study.
has broader	Seedbank longevity class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_longevity_class_long_persistent

widely_dispersed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seedbank_longevity_class_widely_dispersed
description	Seed longevity not important, as seeds are widely dispersed and always available for germination.
has broader	Seedbank longevity class
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seedbank_longevity_class_widely_dispersed

Dormancy type

morphophysiological_dormancy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_dormancy_class_morphophysiological_dormancy
description	Seeds exhibit morphophysiological dormancy, with both morphological and physiological dormancy mechanisms that must be overcome.
has broader	Dormancy type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_dormancy_class_morphophysiological_dormancy

morphological_dormancy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_dormancy_class_morphological_dormancy
description	Seeds exhibit morphological dormancy, generally because an underdeveloped embryo needs to grow.
has broader	Dormancy type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_dormancy_class_morphological_dormancy

non_dormant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_dormancy_class_non_dormant
description	Seeds are non-dormant.
has broader	Dormancy type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_dormancy_class_non_dormant

physical_dormancy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_dormancy_class_physical_dormancy
description	Seeds exhibit physical dormancy, due to one or more water-impermeable layers in the seed coat.
has broader	Dormancy type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_dormancy_class_physical_dormancy

physiological_dormancy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_dormancy_class_physiological_dormancy
description	Seeds exhibit physiological dormancy, whereby chemical changes are required within the seed to break dormancy, including temperature stratification and after-ripening.
has broader	Dormancy type
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_dormancy_class_physiological_dormancy

Seed germination treatment

after_ripening

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_after_ripening
description	Seed germinates more readily after a period of warm, dry storage.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_after_ripening

chemical_treatment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_chemical_treatment
description	Seed germinates more readily after a chemical treatment.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_chemical_treatment

cold

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_cold
description	Seed germinates more readily after cold treatment.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_cold

dark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_dark
description	Seed germinates more readily after being stored in the dark.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_dark

heat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_heat
description	Seed germinates more readily after being heated.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_heat

heat_lethal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_heat_lethal
description	Seed is heat sensitive. (A fire response, more than a treatment to break dormancy.)
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_heat_lethal

heat+smoke

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_heat+smoke
description	Seed germinates more readily after a treatment that merges heat and smoke.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_heat+smoke

imbibe_hot

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_imbibe_hot
description	Seed germinates more readily after being soaked in hot water; water temperature usually between 70 deg C to just below boiling.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_imbibe_hot

leaching

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_leaching
description	Seed germinates more readily after leaching out certain chemicals.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_leaching

light

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_light
description	Seed germinates more readily after light exposure.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_light

mycorrhizae

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_mycorrhizae
description	Seed germinates more readily if infected by a mycorrhizal symbiont.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_mycorrhizae

none

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_none
description	No treatment required for seed to display high germination rates.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_none

rain

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_rain
description	Seed germinates more readily after rain.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_rain

scarify

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_scarify
description	Seed coat is removed, nicked, or otherwise punctured to increase germination.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_scarify

smoke

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_smoke
description	Seed germinates more readily after being subjected to a smoke treatment; includes smoked water.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_smoke

stratification

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_stratification
description	Seed germinates more readily after being stored in moist conditions; not specified if the treatment was cold stratification or warm stratification.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_stratification

stratification_cold

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_stratification_cold
description	Seed germinates more readily after a period of cold, wet storage.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_stratification_cold

stratification_warm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/seed_germination_treatment_stratification_warm
description	Seed germinates more readily after a period of warm, wet storage.
has broader	Seed germination treatment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	seed_germination_treatment_stratification_warm

Vegetative reproduction ability

not_vegetative

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/vegetative_reproduction_ability_not_vegetative
description	Plant taxa that regenerate and spread only by seed.
has broader	Vegetative reproduction ability
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	vegetative_reproduction_ability_not_vegetative

vegetative

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative
description	Plant taxa that can regenerate and spread through the growth and division of vegetative material, not just from seed; examples include runners, rhizomes, and bulbs.
has broader	Vegetative reproduction ability
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative

vegetative_obligate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative_obligate
description	Plant taxa that never (or very rarely) regenerate from seed, instead regenerating and spreading entirely through the growth and division of vegetative material.
has broader	Vegetative reproduction ability
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	vegetative_reproduction_ability_vegetative_obligate

Clonal spread mechanism

aboveground_clonal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_aboveground_clonal
description	Vegetative buds or plant fragments that can disperse and produce new plants (including axillary buds, bulbils and turions).
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_aboveground_clonal

adventitious_roots

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_adventitious_roots
description	Adventitious roots can form at nodes on the main roots or aboveground from nodes on stems.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_adventitious_roots

bulb

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_bulb
description	Below ground storage organ derived from stem (and sometimes leaf) tissue, that divides into new individuals.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_bulb

belowground_clonal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_belowground_clonal
description	Plants use an unspecified underground organ for clonal spread.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_belowground_clonal

corm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_corm
description	Below ground organ derived from stem tissue that can function either for vegetative spread or to regenerate following a disturbance.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_corm

rhizome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_rhizome
description	Plant has an underground stem that has stem buds and forms adventitious roots at nodes; this stem may be woody or non-woody. Rhizomes are both a mechanism for vegetative spread and a strategy to survive fire.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_rhizome

root_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_root_buds
description	Root buds that produce vertical suckers.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_root_buds

root_tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_root_tuber
description	A swollen root that functions as a storage organ and has buds that allow clonal growth.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_root_tuber

stem_tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_stem_tuber
description	A swollen underground stem that functions as a storage organ and has buds that allow clonal growth.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_stem_tuber

stolon

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_stolon
description	Plants having horizontal branches (stems) from the base of the plant that produce new plants from buds at its tip or nodes.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_stolon

viviparous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_viviparous
description	Plant produces clonal offspring that grow while still attached to the parent plant.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_viviparous

non_clonal

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/clonal_spread_mechanism_non_clonal
description	Plant does not display clonal growth.
has broader	Clonal spread mechanism
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	clonal_spread_mechanism_non_clonal

Storage organ

bulb

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_bulb
description	Below ground storage organ derived from stem and usually leaf tissue.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_bulb

corm

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_corm
description	Below ground storage organ that is a short, rounded, vertical, fleshy, underground stem.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_corm

caudex

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_caudex
description	Swollen stem that usually functions in water storage, although the term can also apply to below ground structures or to swollen roots.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_caudex

fleshy_underground_organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_fleshy_underground_organ
description	Plants that use fleshy, generally underground organs (swellings) to regenerate, but the type of organ is not specified; examples include corms, tubers, bulbs, and caudex.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_fleshy_underground_organ

lignotuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_lignotuber
description	Swollen woody structures are located at the transition between the stem base and root crown of woody shrubs, mallees and small trees, and are formed from stem tissues. Buds are located over the entire structure. No colonisation ability.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_lignotuber

pseudobulb

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_pseudobulb
description	An above ground storage organ present in many terrestrial and epiphytic orchids created throough the thickening of the stem between leaf nodes.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_pseudobulb

rhizome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_rhizome
description	A type of continually growing or creeping underground stem, but it is not specified if the rhizome is woody or non-woody.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_rhizome

rhizome_woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_rhizome_woody
description	A type of continually growing or creeping woody underground stem.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_rhizome_woody

rhizome_fleshy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_rhizome_fleshy
description	A type of continually growing or creeping fleshy, non-woody underground stem.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_rhizome_fleshy

rhizome_fibrous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_rhizome_fibrous
description	A type of continually growing or creeping fibrous, non-woody underground stem.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_rhizome_fibrous

root_tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_root_tuber
description	A swollen root the stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water. (Synonym, taproot tuber)
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_root_tuber

stem_tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_stem_tuber
description	A swollen underground stem that stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_stem_tuber

storage_organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_storage_organ
description	Plant has a storage organ, but the type is unknown.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_storage_organ

tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_tuber
description	A swollen underground organ that stores nutrients, carbohydrates and water, where it is not specified if the tuber develops from root or stem tissue.
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_tuber

no_storage_organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/storage_organ_no_storage_organ
description	No storage organ present
has broader	Storage organ
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	storage_organ_no_storage_organ

Bud bank location

apical_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_apical_buds
description	Plants resprout from above-ground apical meristems. Also termed a caudex. Term refers to palm-like plants with aerial buds that resprout, including grass trees, palms, tree ferns, and pandanus. (Synonym, aerial apical sprouter)
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_apical_buds

basal_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_basal_buds
description	Plants resprout from its base, with buds originating from stem tissue (e.g. lignotuber) and root tissue (root crown) not distinguished between. Most buds designated as being basal are likely to be resprouts from a lignotuber, but this trait value is used if the dataset reported basal buds rather than basal stem buds or lignotuber.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_basal_buds

basal_stem_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_basal_stem_buds
description	Plants resprout from the base of the stem. Australian plants with basal stem buds usually have a lignotuber, documented in the trait storage_organ. (Synonym, rootstock, lignotuberous resprouter)
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_basal_stem_buds

epicormic_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_epicormic_buds
description	Plants resprout from the stem or trunk.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_epicormic_buds

fleshy_underground_organ

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_fleshy_underground_organ
description	Plants resprouts from buds on a fleshy underground organ that is a taproot tuber, bulb, corm, stem tuber, root tuber, or belowground caudex. (Synonym, geophyte)
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_fleshy_underground_organ

root_crown

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_root_crown
description	Plants resprout from the root crown, the root tissue at the root-stem transition.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_root_crown

bud-bearing_root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_bud-bearing_root
description	Root buds produce vertical suckers (from root crown) or adventitious roots. (Synonyms, root-suckering resprouter, adventitious buds)
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_bud-bearing_root

rhizome

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_rhizome
description	Plants resprout from buds on a rhizome, where it is not specified if the rhizome is woody or non-woody.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_rhizome

rhizome_woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_rhizome_woody
description	Plants resprout from buds on a woody rhizome.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_rhizome_woody

rhizome_non_woody

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_rhizome_non_woody
description	Plants resprout from buds on a fleshy rhizome, rhizophore, or fibrous rhizome.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_rhizome_non_woody

stem_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_stem_buds
description	Plants resprout from stem buds; this trait value is separate to epicormic buds. (Synonyms, aerial axillary resprouter)
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_stem_buds

stem_tuber

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_stem_tuber
description	Plants resprout from buds on a stem tuber.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_stem_tuber

stolon

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_stolon
description	Horizontal branches (stems) resprout from the base of the plant.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_stolon

underground_buds

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_underground_buds
description	Plants that resprout from underground organ, but the type of organ isn’t specified.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_underground_buds

none

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/bud_bank_location_none
description	Plants lack regenerative buds.
has broader	Bud bank location
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	bud_bank_location_none

Post-fire resprouting capacity

fire_killed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_fire_killed
description	Fewer than 30% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch. (Synonym, fire-sensitive)
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_fire_killed

resprouts

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_resprouts
description	More than 70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_resprouts

partial_resprouting

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_partial_resprouting
description	Between 30-70% of plants resprout following a fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_partial_resprouting

Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants

juvenile_fire_killed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_fire_killed
description	Few to no juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_fire_killed

juvenile_resprout

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_resprout
description	More than 50% of juvenile plants survive and resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_resprout

juvenile_moderate_fire_killed

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_moderate_fire_killed
description	25-50% of juvenile plants resprout following fire with 100% leaf scorch.
has broader	Post-fire resprouting capacity of juvenile plants
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_juvenile_juvenile_moderate_fire_killed

Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire

resprouts_non_fire_disturbance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_non_fire_disturbance
description	Plants that are known to be fire-killed, but have the ability to resprout following a disturbance other than fire that causes 100% leaf loss.
has broader	Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_non_fire_disturbance

resprouts_after_cyclone

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_cyclone
description	Plants are able to resprout following 100% leaf loss in a cyclone.
has broader	Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_cyclone

resprouts_after_drought

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_drought
description	Plants are able to resprout following 100% leaf loss during a drought.
has broader	Plant vegetative response to disturbances other than fire
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	resprouting_capacity_non_fire_disturbance_resprouts_after_drought

Fire exposure level

aquatic_taxon

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fire_exposure_level_aquatic_taxon
description	Plants rarely or never experience fires because they are aquatic.
has broader	Fire exposure level
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fire_exposure_level_aquatic_taxon

fire_avoidance_among_rocks

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_among_rocks
description	Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is restricted to rocky outcrops or rock pavement.
has broader	Fire exposure level
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_among_rocks

fire_avoidance_near_water

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_near_water
description	Plants rarely or never experience fires because their habitat is close to a body of water.
has broader	Fire exposure level
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_near_water

fire_avoidance_in_swamp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_in_swamp
description	Plants rarely experience fires because their habitat is usually saturated, but populations can be catastrophically impacted during severe droughts when the swamps dry out.
has broader	Fire exposure level
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fire_exposure_level_fire_avoidance_in_swamp

seasonal_fire_avoidance

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/fire_exposure_level_seasonal_fire_avoidance
description	Plants avoid fire by only have above-ground parts during seasons when fire is rare or absent, but populations can be catastrophically impacted if fire occurs during an atypical season.
has broader	Fire exposure level
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	fire_exposure_level_seasonal_fire_avoidance

Post-fire recruitment

post_fire_recruitment

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment
description	Plants that germinate post-fire.
has broader	Post-fire recruitment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment

post_fire_recruitment_absent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment_absent
description	Plants that do not show increased seeding following fire.
has broader	Post-fire recruitment
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_recruitment_post_fire_recruitment_absent

Post-fire flowering

fire_dependent_flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_flowering_fire_dependent_flowering
description	Plants predominantly flower after a fire, usually within the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.
has broader	Post-fire flowering
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_flowering_fire_dependent_flowering

fire_enhanced_flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_flowering_fire_enhanced_flowering
description	Flowering is enhanced after a fire, with plants flowering more prolifically for the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.
has broader	Post-fire flowering
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_flowering_fire_enhanced_flowering

fire_independent_flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_flowering_fire_independent_flowering
description	Flowering is independent of fire, with the magnitude of flowers produced by plants unchanged following a fire.
has broader	Post-fire flowering
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_flowering_fire_independent_flowering

fire_suppressed_flowering

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/post_fire_flowering_fire_suppressed_flowering
description	Flowering is suppressed or absent after a fire, with plants producing fewer flowers for at least the first 1-4 growing seasons following the fire.
has broader	Post-fire flowering
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	post_fire_flowering_fire_suppressed_flowering

Plant resource requirements and tolerance

hydrohalophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_hydrohalophyte
description	Tidal swamp or ‘mangrove’ and coastal lagoon elements and temperate-zone salt-marsh taxa are classed together.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_hydrohalophyte

phreatophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_phreatophyte
description	Deep-rooted plants<U+2014>usually trees<U+2014>obtaining water from a deep underground source that may or may not be saline.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_phreatophyte

psammophile

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_psammophile
description	Sand-loving plants commonly found in littoral strand or inland sandfields.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_psammophile

weedy

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_weedy
description	This inexact term is meant to indicate a high degree of adaptability to sites, and proven tendency toward aggressive colonization of either dry or wet sites, or rarely, both. In general, weeds invade and colonize highly disturbed sites or areas.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_weedy

xerohalophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_xerohalophyte
description	Plants adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_xerohalophyte

xerophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_type_by_resource_use_xerophyte
description	Drought-tolerant and drought-adapted plants.
has broader	Plant resource requirements and tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_type_by_resource_use_xerophyte

Plant flood regime response

terrestrial_dry

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_dry
description	Species which germinate, grow and reproduce where there is no surface water and the water table is below the soil surface. (Dry species; Tdr)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_dry

terrestrial_damp

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_damp
description	Species which germinate, grow and reproduce on saturated soil. (Damp species; Tda)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_terrestrial_damp

amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_emergent

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_emergent
description	Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions, which tolerate variation in water level, and which grow with their basal portions under water and reproduce out of water. (Emergent species; ATe)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_emergent

amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_low

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_low
description	Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions, which tolerate variation in water level, which are low-growing and tolerate complete submersion when water-levels rise. (Low-growing species; ATl)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_tolerators_low

amphibious_fluctuation_responders_plastic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_plastic
description	Species which germinate in flooded conditions, grow in both flooded and damp conditions, reproduce above the surface of the water, and which have morphological plasticity (e.g. heterophylly) in response to water-level variation. (Morphologically plastic species; ARp)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_plastic

amphibious_fluctuation_responders_floating

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_floating
description	Species which germinate in flooded conditions, grow in both flooded and damp conditions, reproduce above the surface of the water, and which have floating leaves when inundated. (Species with floating leaves; ARf)
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious_fluctuation_responders_floating

amphibious

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious
description	Species which germinate in damp or flooded conditions and can grow in or our of water.
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_amphibious

submerged

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_flood_regime_classification_submerged
description	Species which germinate, grow and reproduce underwater. (S
has broader	Plant flood regime response
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_flood_regime_classification_submerged

Plant water-logging tolerance

not_applicable

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_not_applicable
description	Taxa is not typically confronted with waterlogging and its response is unknown.
has broader	Plant water-logging tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_not_applicable

less_than_1_month

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_less_than_1_month
description	Taxa able to tolerate less than 1 month of waterlogging.
has broader	Plant water-logging tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_less_than_1_month

1-6_months

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_1-6_months
description	Taxa able to tolerate 1-6 months of waterlogging.
has broader	Plant water-logging tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_1-6_months

greater_than_6_months

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_greater_than_6_months
description	Taxa able to tolerate more than 6 months of waterlogging.
has broader	Plant water-logging tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_greater_than_6_months

aquatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_aquatic
description	Taxa truly aquatic and able to be permanently inundated.
has broader	Plant water-logging tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_water_logged_soils_aquatic

Plant inundation tolerance

not_applicable

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_inundation_not_applicable
description	Taxa is not typically confronted with being inundated and its response is unknown.
has broader	Plant inundation tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_inundation_not_applicable

less_than_1_month

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_inundation_less_than_1_month
description	Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for less than 1 month.
has broader	Plant inundation tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_inundation_less_than_1_month

1-6_months

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_inundation_1-6_months
description	Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for 1-6 months.
has broader	Plant inundation tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_inundation_1-6_months

greater_than_6_months

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_inundation_greater_than_6_months
description	Taxa able to tolerate being inundated for more than 6 months.
has broader	Plant inundation tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_inundation_greater_than_6_months

aquatic

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_inundation_aquatic
description	Taxa truly aquatic and able to be permanently inundated.
has broader	Plant inundation tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_inundation_aquatic

Plant snow tolerance

not_applicable

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_snow_not_applicable
description	Taxa is virtually never confronted with snow in nature and the response is unknown.
has broader	Plant snow tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_snow_not_applicable

intolerant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_snow_intolerant
description	Taxa is frost tender and known to be killed by any snow.
has broader	Plant snow tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_snow_intolerant

days

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_snow_days
description	Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for days (typically less than 1 week).
has broader	Plant snow tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_snow_days

weeks

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_snow_weeks
description	Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for weeks (typically less than 1 month).
has broader	Plant snow tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_snow_weeks

months

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_snow_months
description	Taxa can tolerate being covered by snow for months.
has broader	Plant snow tolerance
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_snow_months

Plant salt tolerance strategy

glycophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_glycophyte
description	Plants that cannot survive even one tenth the salt concentration found in seawater.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_glycophyte

halophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte
description	Plants that complete their life cycle in a salty environment; many survive in seawater or even higher concentrations of salt.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte

halophyte_moderate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte_moderate
description	Plant that is moderately tolerant of soil salinity/sodicity.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_halophyte_moderate

hydrohalophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_hydrohalophyte
description	Tidal swamp or ‘mangrove’ and coastal lagoon elements and temperate-zone salt-marsh taxa are classed together.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_hydrohalophyte

salt_spray_tolerant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_salt_spray_tolerant
description	Plant that is tolerant of salt spray (typically inhabiting near-coastal environments).
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_salt_spray_tolerant

salinity_tolerance_undefined

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_salinity_tolerance_undefined
description	Plant’s ability to tolerate salt is unknown.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_salinity_tolerance_undefined

xerohalophyte

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_salt_xerohalophyte
description	Plants adapted to inland salt desert and saline habitats.
has broader	Plant salt tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_salt_xerohalophyte

Plant calcium sensitivity

calcicole

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcicole
description	Plants are tolerant of basic soils, such as calcareous sands and limestone derived soils.
has broader	Plant calcium sensitivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcicole

calcifuge

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcifuge
description	Plants are intolerant of basic soils. (Synonyms, acidophilous)
has broader	Plant calcium sensitivity
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_calcicole_calcifuge

Plant fire tolerance strategy

fire_retardant

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant
description	Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark, stems, or other tissues.
has broader	Plant fire tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant

fire_retardant_bark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant_bark
description	Plants protected from fire by fire retardant in their bark.
has broader	Plant fire tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_fire_fire_retardant_bark

thick_bark

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/traits/plant_tolerance_fire_thick_bark
description	Plants protected from fire by thick bark.
has broader	Plant fire tolerance strategy
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/traits
identifier	plant_tolerance_fire_thick_bark

5. Glossary

This section of the ontology includes terminology used within trait concept descriptions that are not defined by other resources.

accessory cost

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40004
description	Biomass investment [OMIT:0008566] in reproductive tissues [CARO:0000043] other than the seeds [PO:0009010]. These tissues include prepollination (flower, nectar, and pollen) and postpollination (packaging, protective and dispersal [EnvThes:21038] tissues) as well as aborted floral parts.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40004

ambient photosynthetic rate

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40006
description	Photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] in a plant whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] levels and ambient atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033] while the measurement is made.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40006

bark water content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40014
description	A bark mass trait [APD:trait_group_0012006] which is the mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a section of bark [PO:0004518].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40014

coarse root

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40026
description	A root greater than 2 mm in diameter. The alternative to fine roots [EnvThes:20581].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40026

ignition

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40040
description	The act of causing something to start burning [Merriam-Webster Dictionary].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40040

fresh mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40044
description	The mass [PATO:0000125] of tissue [CARO_0000043] before it is dried; the mass of the tissue when it is fresh [EnvThes:21976].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40044

leaf water content

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40050
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the total mass [PATO:0000125] of water [CHEBI:15377] in a leaf [PO:0025034].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40050

maximum photosynthetic rate, Amax

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40058
description	Photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] in a plant whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are saturated [NCIT_C61427] by photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and which is exposed to saturating atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033] while the measurement is made.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40058

merism

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40060
description	The repetition of similar parts, units, or segments within the structure of an organism. [www.lexico.com]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40060

non-structural carbohydrates

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40062
description	Carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646], including starches [CHEBI:28017] and sugars [APD_glossary:glossary_40106], that are relatively easy to metabolise [NCIT:C19536] by both plants and animals.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40062

pendulous

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40066
description	Hanging downward loosely or freely. [Simpson]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40066

per unit mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40068
description	A ratio [PATO:0001470], where the denominator [NCIT:C80489] is a measure of mass [PATO:0000125].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40068

placentation

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40074
description	Referring to the position [PATO:0000140] of the ovules [PO:0020003] within the ovary [PO:0009072]. [Plant Systematics]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40074

whole plant leaf dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40076
description	A leaf mass trait [TO:0000505] which is the sum of the leaf dry mass [TO:0000505] of all leaves [PO:0025034] of a whole plant [PO:0000003] [from TOP].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40076

whole plant stem dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40080
description	A stem mass trait [TO:0000952] which is the sum of the stem dry mass [TO:0003001] of all leaves [PO:0009047] of a whole plant [PO:0000003] [dervied from TOP].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40080

whole plant dry mass

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40081
description	The dry mass [PATO:0000125] of a whole plant [PO:0000003].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40081

pollinator

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40086
description	A pollinator is an animal that intentionally or unintentionally moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower. [Wikipedia]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40086

punch

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40088
description	The force [PATO:0001035] required to punch a hole.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40088

saturated photosynthetic rate, Asat

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40092
description	Photosynthetic rate [TO:0001015] in a plant whose photosystem [GO:0009521] I and II reaction centers [GO:0009538; GO:0009539] are saturated [NCIT_C61427] by photosynthetically active radiation [ENVO:01001864] and which is exposed to ambient [NCIT:C62306] atmospheric carbon dioxide [ENVO:01000451] concentrations [PATO:0000033] while the measurement is made.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40092

smoulder combustion

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40094
description	The slow, flameless form of combustion, sustained by the heat evolved when oxygen directly attacks the surface of a condensed-phase fuel. [Wikipedia]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40094

sugar

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40106
description	An informal grouping of carbohydrates [CHEBI:16646] that includes monosaccharides [CHEBI:35381] and disaccharides [CHEBI:36233].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40106

vessel lumen

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40112
description	The lumen [PO:0025117] of the xylem vessel [PO:0025417].
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40112

vestiture

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40114
description	Trichome cover [TO:0006066], a combination of trichome type [TO:0000911], length [PATO:0000122], strength [PATO:0001230], shape [PATO:0000052], density [PATO:0001019], and color [PATO:0000014] [Simpson glossary]
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40114

pressure-volume curve

Property	Value
URI	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary/glossary_40124
description	A plot of the relationship between tissue water content and tissue water potential, which is used in plant water-relations studies to understand tissue/cell elasticity, cell turgor, and cell osmotic potential.
top concept of	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
is in scheme	https://w3id.org/APD/glossary
identifier	glossary_40124

6. Acknowledgements

We are grateful to S Cox, J Smillie, K Levett, M Barlow, and C Brady for useful conversations. The AusTraits project received investment (https://doi.org/10.47486/TD044, https://doi.org/10.47486/DP720) from the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC). The ARDC is funded by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS).